"Zdravo je biti Amerikanac": Rana hrvatska imigracija u SAD, prakse na otoku Ellis i stvaranje hrvatske dijaspore

Author(s): Tanja Bukovčan / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 29/2006

From 1892 to 1954 more than 12 million immigrants entered the United States through its famous gateway, Ellis Island. They were processed through immigration procedure and majority of them, from that period, were allowed to enter the US and become the citizens of their choice. Poverty, scarcity and hard field labour forced many Croats to seek better life in America. Almost four millions of them went through the Ellis Island in the period from 1880 to 1930. Very young, of average age not more than 22, most of them single males, together with all other steerage passengers, underwent the quick medical examinations, "six seconds physicals" through which they were checked for signs of infectious diseases, insanity, "feeblemindedness" of physical defects. To avoid the trap of being too easily critical 100 years after Ellis Island happenings, it has to be said that they were a practical solution to immigration admission. The number of people entering the US through Ellis Island could reach 5000 up to 11000 people per day during America's peak immigration years from 1890-1924. However, Ellis Island practices legitimatized and deepened the division between the ethnically desirable (North and Western Europe immigrants) and less desirable (South-Eastern Europe and Asia). Furthermore, they provided a mass demonstration of power and political practices, which used health as an instrument of separation between those who were eligible to become the members of a politically stable, healthy labour force, and those who were not. This paper tries to examine in what way did such "segregatory" practices, which already at the entrance to the New World, defined Croats and other immigrants as possibly unhealthy, insane or inapt, influence the formation of Croatian Diaspora in North America as a culturally distinct ethnic group. It also raises the question as to how will the newly emerging medical borders affect notions of ethnicity and the ways in which dispersed/displaced peoples construct their identities in the time of "global ethnoscapes" (Appadurai) The fact that this first "legalized" segregation on the basis of a six-second medical examination was going on under the shadow of the Statue of Liberty, shows to what extent it was assumed as "scientifically" reasonable and politically correct, and explains the existence of its current practices of creating medical borders. Who remains on the other side of the medical border? The ethnical and cultural "Others", or, just "the ill"?

"Žena od Batha i njena priča"

Author(s): Mary S. Bache / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 28/2018

"Žena od Batha" predstavlja osobe podređene autoritetu, autoritetu religijskih tekstova i njihovih mizoginističkih kodova. Iako "Žena od Batha" ostvaruje materijalnu dobit, moglo bi se ustvrditi da ne zadobija autoritet sve dok ne dobije priliku javno se izraziti tokom hodočašća, ne riskirajući odmazdu. Kad zauzme pozornicu, drugi hodočasnici postaju njena publika, uzimajući u obzir njen glas, ono šta ona priča, ali kako komentira njhove priče. "Priča Žene od Batha", kao i većina ostalih, sastoji se iz dva dijela, proslova i same priče. Takva struktura odražava Chaucerovu ideju simetrije kakvu je već pokazao u Troilu i Kresidi. U Proslovu "Žena od Batha" samu sebe portretira kao žrtvu patrijarhalnog svijeta, a kako se pokušava nametnuti prozivaju je ‘pokvarenom ženom’. Međutim, u "Priči" ona predstavlja situaciju u kojoj autoritet preuzima žena, a glas razuma zamijeni arogantnu nametljivost. Pomoću takvoga kontrasta, možemo shvatiti vrijednosti i kodove vladajućeg ponašanja u datom društvu. [...]

#32 Radicalisation in Bulgaria: Threats and Trends

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva,Tihomir Bezlov,Maria Karayotova,Yavor Tomov,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

The phenomena of radicalisation today develop and change at high speed, with their extreme forms manifested globally. The destructive dimensions of (violent) Islamist or right-wing radicalisation have become dramatically visible in Europe posing serious challenges to European societies at large. This report aims to address a knowledge gap with regard to how and to what extent internationally observed radicalisation processes are manifested in Bulgaria. Four different forms of radicalisation are investigated, including Islamist radicalisation, right-wing and left-wing radicalisation, as well as football hooliganism. The report provides policy makers and the expert community with a systematic overview of the main risks to which the Bulgarian society is exposed, as well as of the main actors and ideas, the repertoire of actions and the groups at risk associated with radicalisation. The report outlines recommendations for improvement of the policy and institutional response with regard to radicalisation by way of monitoring and prevention measures as well as multi agency collaboration and community engagement.

#32bg Радикализация в България: заплахи и тенденции

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva,Tihomir Bezlov,Maria Karayotova,Yavor Tomov,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2016

The phenomena of radicalisation today develop and change at high speed, with their extreme forms manifested globally. The destructive dimensions of (violent) Islamist or right-wing radicalisation have become dramatically visible in Europe posing serious challenges to European societies at large. This report aims to address a knowledge gap with regard to how and to what extent internationally observed radicalisation processes are manifested in Bulgaria. Four different forms of radicalisation are investigated, including Islamist radicalisation, right-wing and left-wing radicalisation, as well as football hooliganism. The report provides policy makers and the expert community with a systematic overview of the main risks to which the Bulgarian society is exposed, as well as of the main actors and ideas, the repertoire of actions and the groups at risk associated with radicalisation. The report outlines recommendations for improvement of the policy and institutional response with regard to radicalisation by way of monitoring and prevention measures as well as multi agency collaboration and community engagement.

#34 Monitoring Radicalisation: A Framework for Risk Indicators

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Nadya Stoynova,Dia Anagnostou / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

Radicalisation processes impacting on disaffected and indoctrinated persons and the later involvement of some of them in acts of terrorism are of growing concern for European citizens, their governments and the wider international community. Addressing this threat requires effective prevention policies which some EU member states have been proactive in developing. Effective policies need reliable diagnostic tools designed to identify individuals and groups who might pose a threat. The publication provides a review of existing approaches and tools to identifying, monitoring and assessing radicalisation in Europe and beyond. It further offers a conceptual framework of radicalisation risk and vulnerability indicators and their interpretation as a basis for developing early-warning mechanisms for frontline practitioners in countries which are yet to develop specific prevention and counter-radicalisation policies. The target group of the guide are policymakers at national and EU levels, as well as practitioners directly involved in the prevention of radicalisation in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

#35 Situational Assessment of Extremist Trends

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Luděk Moravec,Pavlína Bláhová,Jan Ludvík,Libor Stejskal,Dia Anagnostou,Dimitris Skleparis,Nadya Stoynova / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

Violent extremism is one of the major challenges Europe is currently facing. The threat is both external as well as internal as indicated by the rise in home-grown Islamist terrorists, as well as of nationalistic and anti-immigrant movements and far-right aggression. An accurate picture of the spread, nature and trends in the extremist and terrorist activity and actors is paramount to formulating strategic policy approaches and effectively allocating available resources. This publication provides a methodological framework for the establishment of a viable mechanism for monitoring and assessment of the state and developments over time in extremist acts and actors on the national level. The situational assessment is an instrument for systematic collection and analysis of statistical data, open source data and intelligence information pertaining to extremist actors and activities, for the purposes of developing regular situational reports of the spread, nature and trends in extremism and violent radicalisms. Following the application of the situational assessment tool, the publication presents main findings on extremist trends and monitoring capacities in three countries from Central and Southeast Europe: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece.

18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima

Author(s): Jozo Blažević,Feđa Bobić,Saša Gavrić,Jasmina Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 2013

Kada smo 2010. godine krenuli da radimo za i sa lezbejkama, gejevima, biseksualnim i trans* osobama, suočili smo se vrlo brzo sa činjenicom da su život i svakodnevnica ovih grupa u potpunosti nevidljivi u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kroz rad sa zajednicom mnogo puta smo se uvjerili da su gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci diskriminirani na razne načine u heteronormativnom društvu. Sa druge strane, i u okviru same LGBT zajednice, određene grupe muškaraca se suočavaju sa predrasudama. Biseksualnost se često smatra nepostojanom i prelaznom fazom ka homoseksualnosti, a o transrodnosti, transeksualnosti i transvestiji se ponekad govori kroz podsmjeh i prezir i u okviru LGBT zajednice. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci su najčešće u BiH vidljivi samo u kontekstu nasilja i diskriminacije. Sarajevski otvoreni centar želi da učini vidljivim specifičnosti svake od ovih grupa muškaraca, da ih na taj način osnaži i pruži im prostor da ispričaju svoje priče o identitetima, različitosti, neprihvatanju ili prihvatanju, priče o svojim unutrašnjim svjetovima, maštanjima, žudnji, strahovima, stidu, strasti, slobodi, oprezu, hrabrosti i, konačno, coming outu. Upravo zbog toga je nastala i ova knjiga. 18+. Knjiga o nešto drugačijim muškarcima predstavlja nastavak našeg nastojanja da dokumentujemo, prikažemo, i što široj javnosti približimo LGBT svakodnevnicu. Objavljivanjem knjige Više od etikete. O ženama koje vole žene početkom 2013. predstavili smo „žensku“ perspektivu, dok je ova knjiga njen „muški“ pandan. Knjiga se sastoji iz četiti dijela. U prvom dijelu Mladen Lakić daje pregled 15 intervjua, koje su Jozo Blažević, Feđa Bobić i Jasmina Čaušević vodili sa parovima i pojedincima. Gej, biseksualni i trans* muškarci govore o svojoj seksualnosti, vezama i mnogim drugim aspektima nešto drugačije muške svakodnevnice. Nakon toga, u integralnoj formi predstavljamo intervju sa Mirnesom Kubatom Vanillom. Uvjerite se i sami zašto je ova priča jedinstvena. U trećem poglavlju donosimo lične coming out priče, dok nam u četvrtom dijelu Ivan Šunjić pruža prostorno-vremenski analitičko-teorijski pogled na seksualnost, identitete i proces kakav je coming out. Umjetnički radovi nešto drugačijih muškaraca – fotografije, slike i grafike, na vizuelan način upotpunjuju knjigu pričajući svoje priče. Takođe, u knjizi se nalaze i dokumentarističke fotografije slovenske fotografkinje Tanje Ristić, i na ovom mjestu joj se najtoplije zahvaljujemo što nam je ustupila svoj rad na korištenje. Kao inicijator ovog projekta, želim da se srdačno zahvalim svojim ko-priređivačima i priređivačici: Jozi, Feđi i Jasmini bez kojih ovaj projekt možda nikada ne bi bio realizovan. Zahvalnost dugujem i Mladenu na autorskoj obradi i uobličavanju obilnog i inspirativnog materijala koji su intervjui obezbijedili, te Ivanu na smještanju knjige u savremene teorijske okvire kroz svoj pogovor. Hvala i Dini na lekturi, te Feđi, još jednom, na prelomu i dizajnu knjige. I za kraj, želimo se zahvaliti i Fondaciji Planet Romeo koja je podržala nastanak ove knjige, te Ambasadi Norveške u BiH koja je finansirala štampu.

1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Marina Veličković,Arijana Aganović,Edita Miftari,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

(English edition) While working on improving our program and portfolio on women’s human rights we quickly realized the absence of a detailed and visible account of “women’s” history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there are a significant number of publications and several activist initiatives that address certain fragments of history and explore events, periods of time, and regions, there is currently no exhaustive institutional account of women in Bosnia, nor are attempts being made to create one. The academic community has unfortunately failed in this area. The history of women and their contribution to public life remains at the margins of academic inquiry. The Sarajevo Open Centre published the book Women Documented: Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century. The book was edited by Jasmina Čaušević, a program coordinator at the Sarajevo Open Centre, in cooperation with ten authors. Through publishing this book, the Sarajevo Open Centre and our partner organizations wanted to celebrate the centenary of the First World War in a different way. It was precisely the work on Women Documented that revealed to us the need for further work exploring women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that our (virtual) museum of women’s history in Bosnia will eventually be institutionalized in Bosnian society. In November and December 2015, we will commemorate the 20-year anniversary of the Dayton Peace Accords – the international agreement that brought peace to Bosnia and Herzegovina and laid the foundations for the long and grueling process of peace-making and trust-building. The Dayton Peace Process was, as this book will demonstrate, a classic example of male politics. The commemoration will, again, be dominated by men – Bosnian and Herzegovinian and world leaders. We decided to conduct this research and publish this book to challenge the male-dominated approach to memory. This publication aims to offer systematic insight into the role played by women in political life. Our goal is to offer a better understanding and a concise overview of political life over the past 20 years, based on the stories of a number of women - activists, politicians and institutional leaders - with the hope that it will inspire other authors to explore BiH political history during this period of time. Since this aspect of history is particularly under-researched, the very process of gathering information was challenging and so we welcome constructive criticism, comments, and suggestions for improvement and enrichment of this text. I would like to thank Marina, Arijana and Edita, who accepted to work with the Sarajevo Open Centre on this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Maida Zagorac, who has helped me immensely with her excellent oversight of both the technical and the substantive aspects of this text. I also owe thanks to the Embassy of Swiss Confederation in Bosnia and Herzegovina for supporting our work and the research of women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovinian.

20 év reform Angliában – A versengő iskolák és az esélyteremtés

Author(s): Eszter Neumann / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2008

Eszter Neumann gives a review of the educational reforms that took place in the last two decades in England with a special focus on equity issues. The first part of the article gives a brief overview of the neo-liberal educational policies and explains the recent shift to centralization carried out with the use of knowledge-based regulation tools. Policies addressing disadvantaged students are embedded into larger programs that are meant to improve the quality of education in general. Next, the paper discusses the various interpretations and frameworks of equal educational opportunities that have been in use in the past 20 years through the analysis of specific educational programs which encourage the dissemination of innovative ideas and best practices in schools located in economically depressed areas. All in all, the question rises whether the policy goals of equity and educational excellence are conflicting or could be achieved parallel.

2003–2015: ERA MEHANIZAMA ZA RODNU RAVNOPRAVNOST

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 0

Ovo poglavlje obrađuje žensku politiku i angažmane najaktivnijih političarki u BiH od usvajanja Zakona o ravnopravnosti spolova 2003. godine do trenutka pisanja ovog poglavlja 2015. godine. Usvajanje ovog Zakona se u historiji bh. ženske politike postavlja kao prekretnica u ženskoj političkoj participaciji, a najviše zato što je rodna kvota od 40% koju uvodi dovela i do harmonizacije drugih ključnih zakonskih odredbi, kao što su odredbe Izbornog zakona BiH, o čemu će također biti riječi u poglavlju koje slijedi. Jedan od vrlo važnih momenata u ženskom političkom udruživanju, pored udruživanja unutar političkih partija u različite forume, asocijacije i aktive, predstavlja i formiranje prvog nadstranačkog kluba u Parlamentu Federacije BiH 2013. godine. Stoga će ovo poglavlje obraditi izazove i prepreke sa kojima su se susretale federalne parlamentarke u implementiranju ove inicijative. Ovo poglavlje će obraditi i segment izvršne vlasti u BiH, s obzirom da posljednjih godina žene obnašaju sve više izvršnih funkcija na svim nivoima u BiH, ali će također biti riječi i o unutarstranačkim strukturama nekih političkih partija, odnosno o položaju žena na pozicijama odlučivanja unutar njihovih političkih opcija. Za kraj, ovo poglavlje će kratko predstaviti i nove nade na političkoj sceni u BiH koje predstavljaju budućnost bh. ženske politike.

2003-2015: THE ERA OF GENDER EQUALITY MECHANISMS

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This chapter covers women’s politics and activism in the period between the adoption of the Gender Equality Law in 2003 and 2015, when this chapter was written. The Gender Equality Law is seen as a turning point for the political participation of women in BiH, primarily because it demanded the harmonization of other laws, including the Electoral Law, with the 40% gender quota it introduced. Another key moment for women’s organizations was the formation of The Club of Women Parliamentarians FBiH in 2013. This chapter will elaborate on the challenges and obstacles the women in the Federal Parliament faced during the implementation of this initiative. The chapter will also discuss the role of women in the Executive since recent years have seen an increase in the number of posts held by women at all levels of the BiH government. The internal organization of political parties will also be discussed, specifically – the role women play in the decisionmaking bodies of their chosen political parties. In its conclusion, this chapter will present the emerging female politicians who represent the future of women’s politics in BiH.

2017 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): English / Issue: */2017

The years 2016 and 2017 brought about significant changes in the context of the number of violations of LGBTI human rights documented by Sarajevo Open Centre. The number of cases of discrimination and violence on the ground of sexual orientation documented by Sarajevo Open Centre did not decrease, neither did the number of LGBTI persons who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre in search of assistance in asylum seeking, changing the sex marker in documents, adequate psychological support or help in obtaining documents required for marriage/same-sex partnership in countries which allow it. Of particular concern is the increase of domestic violence and peer violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity, and the growing number of open and public instances of homophobic and transphobic views in the academic institutions and the academia as a whole. It is clear that, in addition to amendments to laws and public policies, it is necessary for the institutions in BiH to develop specific programmes and measures of action to combat intolerance, xenophobia, violence, and discrimination and to encourage social inclusion of LGBTI people. The improvement of the legal framework in BiH – the amendments to the Anti-Discrimination Law and introduction of sex characteristics as a protected ground, the amendments to the Criminal Code of FBIH and regulation of hate crime – is certainly commendable but these legal novelties should however be introduced into the mandatory training of civil servants, the judiciary and the police. The general public should also be informed about them to contribute to their implementation and the achievement of their purpose. The first step in that regard has already been made in the Gender Action Plan operational plans of entity governments and the Council of Ministers, but this type of action with regard to LGBTI human rights must continue and become more comprehensive. The Special Report on LGBTI Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced by the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is the first of its kind and certainly serves as basis for the change of attitude towards LGBTI human rights in BiH. In its analysis of the situation and recommendations, the report departs from the practice of healing the consequences and takes a proactive approach to the improvement of human rights of LGBTI citizens in BiH with the overall goal to improve the conditions of their everyday life in BiH and to respect their human dignity.

2018 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Vladana Vasić,Emina Bošnjak,Darko Pandurević,Liam Isić,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović / Language(s): English / Issue: */2018

The legislative framework for protecting the human rights of LGBTI persons and ensuring their equality has improved somewhat in the past three years. However, our research on the needs and problems of the LGBTI community in BiH conducted in 2017 has shown that hate speech, discrimination and violence against the LGBTI community are still a widespread occurrence. LGBTI persons are often unable to lead a normal life or meet basic human, social or cultural needs (e.g. be open about their romantic relationships, express their gender, etc.). The fear of violence, discrimination and/or exclusion frequently results in extreme self-isolation and reluctance to engage in certain cultural or social activities, express one’s views, etc. The results of monitoring discrimination and violence throughout 2017 show that transgender persons are particularly vulnerable. Even media reporting, which is usually neutral, took a sensationalist tone and focused exclusively on the sex-reassignment process, instead of the transphobic environment and its effects on the life of transgender persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The negative trend of growing domestic violence and peer violence on the grounds of SOGISC continued in 2017. There is still no concrete, institutional plan to combat peer violence and develop an inclusive, tolerant learning environment that incorporates the LGBTI perspective. Restricting freedom of assembly of LGBTI persons through administrative obstacles on the local and cantonal level is the most alarming trend. If it continues, this trend could seriously jeopardise and limit the work of LGBTI activists and civil society organisations that work on protecting the rights of LGBTI persons. Unfortunately, the growing violence, discrimination and restriction of the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons elicited only sporadic responses from most institutions in charge of protecting and promoting human rights, including the rights of LGBTI persons. This creates a climate in which alleged security issues, assessed by various social actors who should not and cannot make decisions impacting people’s rights and freedoms, take precedence over protecting the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons and ensuring equal treatment. The lack of a systematic, quick and adequate response from the authorities may further undermine the faith of LGBTI persons in the institutions, especially those most responsible for protecting human rights: the police and judiciary, as well as local institutions in charge of providing services to LGBTI citizens.

30-ųjų karta be moterų, arba Apie moters tapatybės vaizdinį Nikitos Chruščiovo laikotarpio spaudoje ir poezijoje

Author(s): Jurgita Žana Raškevičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2018

This article analyzes the perception of women’s identity as it was created in the press in the period of Nikita Khrushchev’s rule (in the magazine Tarybinė moteris, “The Soviet Woman”) as well as in the poetry written by both men and women of the so-called 1930s generation. By taking a closer look at discourses across different levels, connections, conflicts, tensions, denials and contradictions were revealed, uncovering the complicated and tense relationship between the ideological, masculine and feminine paradigms that offer different identities. This serves to demonstrate how men and women have tried to accommodate their traditionally inherited, personal relationships with ideological perceptions. After describing the engineering of a woman’s image in the magazine and analyzing the images in male and female poetry, it became clear that this version of Soviet feminism was more regularly and consistently realized by men in their work, who had described the process of creating the Soviet world (the emergence of collective farms and the role of women in this process, ideological connection between the woman and the new order etc.). It was revealed that women were much more likely to be portrayed as negative characters in respect to the system than men, their worldview being based on values inherited from the interwar Lithuania, determining their obscurantism and secretive life. The emancipation of women in men’s discourse is almost without exception based on directly transposed Soviet postulates. A more personal perspective and relationship with a woman emerges as a traditionally inherited patriarchal paradigm of the woman-as-a-mother identity, which is disassociated from the Mother Heroine image by a personal and intimate articulation of the relationship. The images of the emancipation of Soviet women that appear in male poetry are taken up as postulates of the new system, but these images are never incorporated in the articulation of their worldview, always remaining as part of the new society’s architectonics. In the work of J. Degutytė, the only more prominent female poet of the period in question, two directions in the conception of women’s identity are observed: the official one, which shows the adopted image of hyperreality as being at the core of the new woman’s identity, an assumed woman’ self-image as being responsible for social sensitivity, and the stance of the party-appreciating mother. When the self-image of a woman is not thematized but rather manifests itself as the self-awareness of the speaking female subject, the female “I” appears as the acting subject that transforms the female attributes (emotionality, sensitivity etc.), traditionally perceived as restrictive, into opening up opportunities for action and possessing an existential perspective. The most intense exposure of the female subject to the world is portrayed as an act of creativity, whereas the creative aspirations of women in the poetry of men of the same time are associated exclusively with childbirth.

45-a международна олимпиада по химия

Author(s): Donka Tasheva,Penka Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The paper represents problems (theoretical and practical) of the 45th International Chemistry Olympiad and the solutions of theoretical problems. Comments of Bulgarian team presentation are given.

50+ do starého železa nepatří!

Author(s): Zdena Bočarova / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

A Concept for Inclusive Physical Education Training Program for Future Pre-School and Primary-School Teachers

Author(s): Galena Terzieva / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2019

The adoption of new normative documents in the field of education in Bulgaria determines the inclusion of children with special educational needs in general education schools. The significant and integral role which physical education plays in the educational process poses the question of the inclusion of children with impairments in motor activity training as well. Teachers implementing it contribute greatly to its positive effects. The main features of physical education include active motor activity and the related physical workload. In order for them to be adapted successfully to the specific needs of children with different disabilities, more specialized training is required. The analysis of the curricula of the faculties of education in Bulgaria shows that future pre-school and primary school teachers who will be responsible for the physical education of children in kindergartens and primary schools respectively do not receive appropriate training in adaptive physical education. The aim of this article is to present a concept for introducing a training programme on “Motor Activity Training and Inclusive Physical Education”, intended for students of the specialty Preschool and Primary School Education at the Faculty of Education, Trakia University, Bulgaria.

A Content Analysis of the Results from the State Matriculation Examination in Mathematics

Author(s): Elena Karashtranova,Nikolay Karashtranov,Vladimir Vladimirov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This paper presents an analysis of the results from the State Matriculation Examination in Mathematics achieved by the students from the Science and Mathematics High School “Acad. S. Korolyov” within the period of 2012 – 2014.

A Debreceni egyetemisták értékvilága

Author(s): Béla Marián / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2012

Only ten percent of students describe themselves as observant believers – that is, following the teachings of his/her denomination – which was the most distinctive factor between different groups of opinions revealed by the analysis. 61 percent of students belong to some kind of denomination, and 57 percent consider themselves believers to some extent (47% in its own way, 10% of which follow the teachings of his/her own Church). The value system had by non-religious students can be seen as an average. Apart from their lack of religious affiliation, there are no other distinguishing factors in relation to most students here. The group of university students who are religious to some extent can be divided to two groups based on different opinions held by them. The most important dimension of this separation is tolerance: the first group has an attitude of acceptance towards ethnic, social and cultural minority groups, while the second has a more exclusionary attitude. Tolerant religious students are more open and more susceptible to positive values than are their non-religious/less tolerant religious peers. Finally, also found was a fourth group of values: one tenth of students in Debrecen can be characterised as being very pessimistic, as having a negative psychological state and as being sceptical when it comes to positive values. The influence of the ‘spirit’ of the University of Debrecen can be seen in the difference between the older and younger students. In relation to a positive change, there is an indisputable role to be playing by someone’s maturing – though we should mention here that the university does orientate its students in the direction of more tolerance and having a stronger commitment to positive values.

A general theory of jokes whose butts are the stupid and the canny

Author(s): Christie Davies / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2009

Jokes about stupidity are extremely common in most countries, as ethnic, national, regional and locality jokes, political jokes, jokes about occupations and social classes, and blonde and Essex-girl jokes. The aim of this paper is to provide a theory that will explain why such diverse groups of people should be the butts of what is essentially the same joke. It will also explain jokes that are the opposite of the stupidity jokes, the widespread jokes about the canny (clever, crafty, calculating, stingy), whether jokes about ethnic groups, regional groups, townspeople or occupations. The key explanatory variables are first, the dominance of centre over periphery whether defined in geographical, cultural, language or social class terms and second, among the powerful, the contrast between those who hold arbitrary monopoly power based on control of the state and the means of force and those who have achieved their position through legitimate competition.