ZAŠTO NAM JE POTREBNA SOCIOLOGIJA

Author(s): Ivan Cvitković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2010

Sociology – what for? Focus of a sociologist on development of Bosnian-Herzegovinian society. Political milieu for development of society in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Attitude of a non-sociologist towards sociology. What is the state of matters in the institutional development of society of today? Has sociology answered to the challenges that social conflicts and national tensions in Bosnia and Herzegovina placed before it and if yes, to which extent? How frequent sociologists' works are published in referenced magazines and how much they are quoted. Why do not we have research centres and institutes in which sociologists would also work? Perspectives of sociology in Bosnia and Herzegovina and vocation of a sociologist of today.

NASLEĐE REJMONA BUDONA

Author(s): Suzana Ignjatović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2016

The paper is a short overview of the work of a contemporary French sociologist Raymond Boudon. The paper focuses on the following aspects of Boudon’s biography: academic trajectory, intellectual influences, and his major works. It is argued that his major contributions to sociology include his theory of social mobility, methodological individualism and the concept of cognitive rationality.

Social Dilemmas as Exchange Dilemmas

Author(s): Jacob Dijkstra,Marcell van Assen / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

We develop a new paradigm to study social dilemmas, called exchange dilemmas. Exchange dilemmas arise from externalities of exchanges with third parties, and many real-life social dilemmas are more accurately modeled as exchange dilemmas rather than prisoner's dilemmas. Bulding on focusing and framing research we predict that defection is omnipresent in exchange dilemmas, which is corroborated in to very different experiments. Our results suggest that the fundamental problem of cooperation in many real-life social dilemmas may be more severe and harder to solve than suggested by traditional prisoner's dilemma research, due to the presence of third parties. Directions for future research are suggested, focusing on relations with third parties.

Kruh sociologické racionality: pozice sociologa v hermeneutické perspektivě

Author(s): Martin Ďurďovič / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

The aim of the article is to apply the concept of the hermeneutical circle to the position of a sociologist. The hermeneutical problem in sociology is exemplified by research into social action that examines how sociological understanding captures meanings attributed to the action by the actors themselves. Although several distinguished theorists have already introduced the idea of hermeneutics into sociology, none of them pursued the topic of the hermeneutical circle in detail. This article applies the hermeneutical circle to sociology through the concepts of ‘pre-understanding’ and the ‘fusion of horizons’. The analysis results in the acknowledgement of epistemological pluralism in sociology and leads to the conclusion that the justification of truth in sociology cannot be simply a matter of correspondence-based verification, but must involve a form of decision-making about true knowledge within an intersubjective sociological rationality.

Neortodoxní bourdieuovec Bernard Lahire

Author(s): Marek Skovajsa / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

Aktér mezi dispozicemi a kontexty jednání: jak promýšlet jednotu humanitních a společenských věd

Author(s): Bernard Lahire / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

„Sociolog kao voajer”: Genealoška problematizacija i kritička interpretacija dominantnog diskursa sociologije seksualnosti

Author(s): Branislav Filipović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2017

The work thematizes the formation and classical theoretical concepts of sociology of sexuality. Declassification of essentialism along with theoretical emphasis of its historicity and cultural relativism is the condition of possibility for sociological thought to place this „natural phenomenon” in the focus of scientific attention. However, the predominant constructionist explication of cultural and historical mutuality of sex and sexuality constitutes a relatively closed theoretical perspective.

W kręgu transgeneracyjnych biografii naukowych. Zaczynając od Heleny Radlińskiej i Kazimiery Zawistowicz-Adamskiej

Author(s): Marcin Kafar,Izabela Kamińska-Jatczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The article – focused on the exploration of the meanings of transgenerational scientific biographies – is a form of a dialogic conversation occurring between two members of the society of Łódź pedagogues. He – emerged in this society as a newcomer arriving from the world of anthropology and ethnography. She – a social pedagogue –made her way there from the circle of the family social work field. In spite of having different disciplinary origins, carrying on a dialog gives them a chance to recognize the paths indicating the existence of their common intellectual and experiencerelated connections. Using these common links, they work together on the interpretation and gradual detection of the signs of unacknowledged past, where ethnography and social pedagogy meet the foundations set by Helena Radlińska and Kazimiera Zawistowicz-Adamska.

Social change or social evolution? Arguments for and against social progress in the sociological theory of evolution

Author(s): Péter Gedeon / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Sociological theory adapted an evolutionary theoretical framework for understanding social change in the 19th century. Later on the evolutionary approach has been challenged, modified or refused. This paper examines the controversy between anti-evolutionary and neoevolutionary theories. Anti-evolutionary theories attacked the concept of social progress, neo-evolutionary theories defended it. At present, it seems, macrosociological theory has abandoned the concept of social progress. This paper argues that from an analytical perspective there is no compelling argument to do this. Sociological theory may retain the concept of social change linked to an evolutionary theory if in the light of criticisms it redefines it.

KAKO OTUPJETI OCCAMOVU OŠTRICU

Author(s): Aleksandar Štulhofer / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 08/1993

ln the text the author responds to Lorković's critique of the assessment of Tomašić's contribution to sociological theory presented in two earlier published works (Štulhofer, 1992; 1993). The author repeats his criticism of ethnosociological narration - which does not affect the theory of rational choice! - and concludes that Occam's blade has cut exactly where it was needed.

„Епистемолошкаскромност“ Питера Л. Бергера: противортодоксије

Author(s): Dušan Marinković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper author enquire sociology of Peter L. Berger through the concept of „epistemological modesty“. It is considered that Peter L. Berger is one of the few sociologists who, in his „epistemological modesty“, was willing to give up some of the strategically important hypotheses on which modern sociology has been built for decades. In this sense, „epistemological modesty“ has served as a struggle against sociological orthodoxy of various kinds. Also he never belonged to the main streams of American sociology, and to the university establishment in particular. He rather belonged to marginal lines of European „immigrant“ sociology, but Berger and his co-authors were children of their time. This paper also emphasizes those fundamental hypotheses which Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann never gave up, and these hypotheses are found in The Social Construction of Reality

Social construction of (post)postsocialist reality: ethnographic research into the everyday

Author(s): Marina N. Simić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In this paper, I want to discuss the main proposition from Berger and Luckmann’s seminal book, The social construction of reality (or. 1966) – the idea that the everyday is the arena through which the social world comes into being--and to pair it with the understanding of memories and everyday life in postsocialist studies. It seems that various disciplines dealing with postsocialism sometimes treat the memories of socialism as an untheorized background of the analysis. I propose that postsocialist studies should do better by actively engaging in understanding the memories of socialism (and its aftermath) as an active force in shaping the present that should be addressed not only through the narratives of the past, but through the concept of the “everyday.” For that purpose, I deploy the contemporary Western idea of ethnography as a specific qualitative study of the present that can be a useful tool for the understanding of society and social reality in the way they are described by Berger and Luckmann. I believe that Berger and Luckmann’s account may shed new light on some of the central topics of related to the post-Yugoslav predicament (like the state, society, morality, and “normality”) and I offer new readings of some scholarly works that deal with these concepts (including my own)

K prameňom verejnosti: pokus o sociologickú interpretáciu

Author(s): Ján Stena / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2020

This paper is an attempt to recompose a theory of the public from the position of sociology. The author seeks inspirational stimuli for such a goal in classic conceptualisations (Dewey, Arendt, Habermas, Fraser). He monitors the development of the concept of “publicness” and the penetration of information technologies into this domain. The author attempts to outline in form hypothesis the mechanism by which an individual becomes part of the public. In conclusion, the author discovers the public as a sociabilite ferment, which is the universal ground for social movements and organized associations of civil society. The author's reasoning is based on the metatheory of the morphogenetic approach.

Anomie and Social Change

Author(s): Mihail Rarita / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Processes of change in the modern world are so rapid and powerful that the influence of society is lower, and the inclinations and individual actions cannot be monitored by the institutional control. The landmarks and traditional moral standards – primarily insured by religion – are turned over by the social modern development, and that inoculated to many people of modern societies the feeling that their daily life is meaningless. This state of society, generated by changes at the social level, was explained by some sociologists through the concept of anomie. Although it has the ambition to translate in a precise mode impression of social disorder, the content of the concept varies considerably from one author to another. We will address in this article not only the different meanings that various sociologists will give to anomie, but also the solutions that they propose to mitigate its effects.

Conceptele postumaniste de viață și moarte, din perspectiva hermeneuticii sinelui a lui Paul Ricoeur. O analiză critică

Author(s): Călin-Ioan Taloş / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

How can the human self face the paradigm shifts that posthumanism mobilizes? We intend to answer this question setting out from the concept of Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of the self. According to this hermeneutics, the self is capable of action, self-reflection, called by Ricoeur “attestation”, and of the fact that it can be accompanied by the moral values acquired. We will notice that Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of the self can be reduced to an ontology of the self deeply engraved by three dialectics, self-reflection, identity, and the relationship between the self-as-another and anothers-as-self. We will subsequently infer that the self holds ontologically the condition of being a self constrained by the manner of being as orientation. This condition represents the fundamental limit of consciousness which, consequently, contributes significantly to an epistemlogy of the consciousness that sketches out the project of a hermeneutics which places both language and consciousness at the centre of the process of differentiation between the posthumanist narratives about life and death.

PORÓWNANIE ESTYMATORA NAJWIĘKSZEJ WIARYGODNOŚCI Z ESTYMATOREM NIEOBCIĄŻONYM ODSETKA PYTAŃ DRAŻLIWYCH W MODELU KRZYŻOWYM NIEZRANDOMIZOWANYCH ODPOWIEDZI

Author(s): Stanisław Jaworski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

One of the problems in surveys is estimating the fraction of responses to sensitive questions. It requires the use of special response models. The first model of this kind was the randomized response model [Warner 1965]. There are many other models nowadays. Among them is the non-randomized crosswise model [Yu i in. 2008]. The estimator of the fraction of the sensitive questions in this model can take values outside the range of the interval á0, 1ñ. There is shown in the paper how the truncation of the estimator to the interval is influencing its properties.

Spójność społeczna i jej wymiar lokalny. Redefinicja pojęcia

Author(s): Tomasz Piróg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article presents a redefinition of the concept of social cohesion, which is free from valuation and useful for the study of local cohesion. It presents the sociological roots of social cohesion considerations and examples of operational definitions. The definitional perspective adopted in the article differs from the definitions of social cohesion prevalent in social policy and cohesion policy. The redefined concept is contrasted with two terms used alternatively to describe the quality of social ties: civil society and social capital. It concludes by signalling the need to develop research on local social cohesion, which will include a comparison of cohesion patterns with other characteristics of territorial communities.

Społeczny rynek współczucia, targi o współczucie i społeczna przestrzeń zinstytucjonalizowanej bezkarności. Kryzysy humanitarne w Polsce w latach 2021–2022

Author(s): Agnieszka Golczyńska-Grondas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The central term of the article is compassion analyzed as a social phenomenon and a category that can be applied to interpretations of individual and collective behavior and attitudes. In the worldview disputes currently taking place in the public space, a mechanism known in sociology from the analysis of poverty and social exclusion is revealed – namely, the division of those deserving compassion and those who should be deprived of it. The justifications for this division, referring to the axiological sphere, are also revealed with particular sharpness in the situation of the humanitarian crisis – the one on the Polish-Belarusian border and the other caused by Russia’s renewed aggression against Ukraine, in different attitudes towards “closer” and “further” Others. It is my position that justifications referring to the category of compassion, embodied in the cognitive component of attitudes, create a social market of compassion conceptualized as a space in which discursive in its nature bargains for compassion take place. At the same time, these justifications form the foundation of social practices, both the aid and rescue activities of individuals, self-organized groups identifying themselves with civil society and NGOs appealing to the values of community and humanitas, as well as formal and informal anormative actions undertaken by social actors in the social space of (institutionalized) impunity.

Dzielenie się za darmo i dla zysku: przypadek użytkowników mediów społecznościowych w Polsce

Author(s): Kamil Filipek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Sharing is a social practice that is undergoing multidimensional transformation stimulated by in- creasing human activity in social media. With the development of new forms of communication, the meanings, senses, schemas, values, rules, actors, and resources being shared are changing. The shape of sharing is influenced by social relations leading to material and non-material resources (social capital). The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors (social capital, consumption and environmental attitudes) that may influence the two forms of sharing: (i) for free, and (ii) for profit. The results of the this study (CAWI, N 1508) suggest that “embedded resources” have a positive effect on the two forms of sharing analyzed, while “mobilizable resources” have a negative effect on sharing for profit. Sharing for profit is stimulated by consumerism, while pro-environmental attitudes have a positive effect on sharing for free.

Revised model of social change and acceleration: the case of Iranian society in the 1960s and 1970s

Author(s): Hassan Poornik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This article aims to address the processes of social changes in terms of the theory of social acceleration. It begins with an outline of the theory of social acceleration and discusses how an investigation into the driving forces of social acceleration can be used to explain the dynamics of social stability and change. It criticizes the acceleration theory because its focus is merely on high-industrialized western societies as well as the neglect of normative and religious aspects in the processes of social acceleration and change. This article proposes a revised model of social acceleration and applies it to Iranian society. It identifies the main features of acceleration-cycle formed in Iranian society in the 1960s and 1970s to answer the question of why the cycle of acceleration could not establish a self-propelling acceleratory formation as a prime requirement for preserving social stability.