Kultuuris on teoksil tähendus
Review of: Rein Raud. Tähenduste keeris. Tervikliku kultuuriteooria visand. Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2017. 311 lk.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Review of: Rein Raud. Tähenduste keeris. Tervikliku kultuuriteooria visand. Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2017. 311 lk.
More...
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and job performance through the mediating role of job attitudes. In addition, the moderating role of organizational reputation is also considered. Based on stakeholder theories, signaling theory, social exchange theory, and social identity theory, a research model has been developed. Data has been collected from 636 employees working in SMEs in Vietnam to provide empirical evidence. Research results showed that corporate social responsibility has made a positive contribution to improving job performance and this relationship was partially mediated by job attitudes. In addition, organizational reputation strengthened the positive connection between CSR and job attitudes. Finally, the study suggested some managerial implications to help leaders have appropriate policies to improve employees’ job performance.
More...
Examination of collective action and its determinants, which have great social effects is important in terms of understanding and foreseeing such actions. The aim of this literature review is to provide a summary of the main and current discussions and research of collective action from the perspective of social psychology for publication in Turkish and provide knowledge for alternative research areas to students and researchers who want to work on collective action. Accordingly, this review is structured into six main sections. In the first part, the definition of collective action is presented, this definition is discussed, and a typology of collective action is introduced through a social psychological perspective. In the second part, four main motivations (identification with the group, efficacy beliefs, feelings of anger, and moral motivations) that determine participation in collective action are explained and these motivations are examined with the empirical findings that provide evidence for these phenomena. In addition, models that examine one or more of these motivational sources together (e.g., Social Identity Model of Collective Action) are introduced. In the third section, studies related to the sedative effect of intergroup contact on the intention of the disadvantaged group to participate in collective actions are mentioned. In the fourth section, the effect of intergroup contact on advantaged groups’ motivation to participate in solidarity-based collective action is discussed. In the fifth part, a summary of the studies examining the Gezi Park protests as a common example of collective actions in our country is presented. To conclude, existing models and perspectives on collective action are discussed, the research gap in the field is highlighted, and alternative research topics are suggested for future studies.
More...
This paper examines the political and social thought of William Graham Sumner, one of the most important representatives of early American social theory. William Graham Sumner was the first professor of sociology in the United States and a consistent defender of the values of classical liberalism. He used social Darwinist argumentation, which proved to be extremely effective in order to defend the basic principles of laissez-faire doctrine and competitive capitalism. In that sense, the influence of Herbert Spencer on his theory is also examined, as well as the basic theses of Sumner’s non-interventionist philosophy and critique of protectionism. Sumner’s conception of freedom, his opposition to social reform, and conservative advocacy of the status quo, as essential parts of his political theory, were analized to see clearly the impact his teaching had on the further development on American social and political therory. Also, other parts of Sumner’s theory, such as the minimal role of the state and his critique of imperialism, are presented and scrutinized in detail.
More...
The global Covid-19 pandemic has necessitated rapid changes in both social and business life in a short time. One of these changes, flexible working, although existing before, has become even more common with the advent of the pandemic. The importance of flexible working has increased in terms of combating the pandemic and workplaces have largely started to adopt flexible working in order to minimize the effects of the pandemic on business life. This research investigates the relationship between teachers who work flexibly and their passion for work during the Covid-19 Pandemic period by using demographic variables. Quantitative research method has been used in the study, data has been obtained by using online survey collection technique, and a total of 265 questionnaires have been evaluated for the analysis of the data. The entire data has been recorded in SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) for Windows 22 software on the computer and analyzed. According to the data obtained as a result of the study, there is a significant difference between the marital status, number of children and job experiences of the teachers and the sub-dimensions of work engagement, dedication, absorption and vigor. The number of children and job experiences of teachers and the sub-dimension of flexible working work responsibility indicate a significant difference. In addition, the overall scores of flexible working show a significant difference according to the job experience of the teachers.
More...
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of body image coping strategies in women with gender roles and early maladaptive schemas. The sample group of 1000 people was reached randomly, regardless of occupational groups, regions and other sociodemographic variables. The participants who made up the sample were included in the study on a voluntary basis. Personal Information Form, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, Body Image Coping Strategies Scale and Young Schema Scale were used in the research. As the gender roles sub-dimension egalitarian attitude increases, positive logical acceptance and appearance correction scores increase and avoidance scores decrease. As traditional attitude scores increase, appearance correction and avoidance scores increase. Results of the study show that as gender roles sub-dimension egalitarian attitude increases, positive logical acceptance and appearance correction scores increase and avoidance scores decrease. Significant associations were obtained with body image coping strategies and early maladaptive schemas. It is seen that the sub-dimensions of Young Schema Scale which are failure, nesting/dependency, abandonment, defectiveness, pessimism, social isolation/insecurity, suppressing emotions, seeking approval, open to threats, high standards, emotional deprivation positively predict avoidance. It has been determined that the schemas of imperfection, abandonment, suppression of emotions, and vulnerability to threats are more significant predictors of avoidance. Social isolation, abandonment, punishment, privilege/insufficient self-control, which are sub-dimensions of the Young Schema Scale, were found to be significant predictors of positive logical acceptance. The effect of abandonment, punishment, privilege/insufficient self-control is positive and the effect of social isolation is negative.
More...
Today, posters that appear in many social, cultural, political and commercial areas play an important role in spreading an idea or belief to large masses, as well as for promotion and information purposes. Posters that convey the message to the target audience quickly and effectively with their striking image and persuasive discourse also have a directing effect on human behavior. The posters, which are highly preferred due to their direct relationship with the masses, have turned into an effective propaganda tool that creates awareness by attracting the attention of the public to certain issues. Particularly during election periods, political parties that want to change the political preferences of the electorate frequently include propaganda posters in their election campaigns. The posters, which are used as an effective political communication tool by the government trying to direct the voters to certain attitudes and behaviors in line with their own political interests, or by the opposition groups who want to make their ideologies visible in the public, have the potential to mobilize the masses with emotional and mental guidance. The phenomenon of "migration", which has become a global crisis since the beginning of the 2000s, has also become the focus of political discussions in Europe, where intense population movements have been experienced in recent years. Particularly, extreme right-wing parties with populist discourse use a polarizing/othering visual language over immigrants/foreigners in their election campaigns. It is tried to influence voter behavior through posters shared in public areas, which use foreigners as a propaganda object. When evaluated in this context, the electoral successes of the political parties, which represents the far right, in Switzerland, where a significant part of its population is composed of foreigners, draws attention. This study examines the propaganda posters used in the election campaigns of the Swiss People's Party, which follows a systematic communication strategy to increase public support for the immigration policies implemented in Switzerland, in terms of graphic form and content.
More...
A social institution is a special type of integrative whole formed on the basis of objective connections of people. It acts as an organized system of social norms and relationships which encompass public wealth and values to meet the basic needs of society. Social institutions, which are the object of research of different sciences, are similar in terms of purpose and functions. These include the family, the elders, the property, and so on. These institutions, in turn, are an integral part of the institution of the family. The various processes taking place in the world in modern times affect each individual in a reciprocal way. It is more appropriate to name globalization, urbanization, migration as whole demographic processes among them. The process of globalization connects the degradation of centuries-old values and principles in this direction with economic factors. In this case, the distances that separate people from each other limit the ability to assess the personal qualities. Thus, in the presented article, the concepts related to this issue act as a factor confirming the existence of sociopsychological functions that are an integral part of the family institution. This tendency inherent in intergenerational relations raises the issue of ethnic worldview, the problem of unity of past and future.
More...
This article examines the effectiveness of grassroots lobbying at the regional level in Poland. For the purpose of the article, “loyalty to the citizens versus party theory” was formulated. It distinguishes two stages of the policy-making process within which the councilors react differently to grassroots lobbying. The first stage refers to the preparation of the law by the region’s board. The theory assumes that the more people pressure the legislator to persuade the board to their initiative, the more inclined he is to endorse it. This way he proves loyalty to the citizens and secures his reelection. The second stage concerns the legislators’ voting behavior. In this case, grassroots lobbying has a neutral impact on them. The councilors remain loyal to the party leaders and vote accordingly so that their position on the party list is guaranteed in the next election. In order to verify the theory, a study consisting of anonymous interviews with sixty legislators from the Opole and Subcarpathian Assembly was conducted. The outcome of the research indicates that (1) a considerable majority of legislators were positively influenced by grassroots lobbying to pressure the region’s board; (2) the voting behavior of the majority of legislators was not impacted by grassroots lobbying; (3) grassroots lobbying is the most effective at the first stage of the policy-making process; (4) the structure of government does not determine the legislators’ reaction to grassroots lobbying; (5) the party’s status (in power or in opposition) impacts the legislator’s voting behavior.
More...
Mental health, along with physical and social well-being, constitutes the general health of an individual, and it is considered that there is no health without mental health. According to the dual model of mental health, the mental state of an individual does not depend solely on the presence of a diagnosis of mental illness, but also on the subjective feeling of well-being. This means that a person with a mental disorder or illness can have good mental health and vice versa. New approaches in the protection of mental health and the treatment of people with mental illnesses are based on the principles of empowerment, recovery, social inclusion, human rights, multidisciplinarity and multisectoral cooperation. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of recovery of people with mental health problems, starting from a holistic understanding of mental health. Recovery is understood as a process that involves an individual who has hope and is aimed at overcoming psychological suffering, but also experts who shape and conduct their professional procedures with the aim of creating conditions for increasing the well-being and productivity of the individual. Also, the approach to recovery is incorporated into the development and organization of modern Community mental health care services. Under this aspect, the paper will present the development of psychiatric care and Community mental health services on the example of Centers for mental health in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the knowledge and clear documents that focus on mental health care and support services for everyone in the community, there are significant challenges in implementing that type of mental health care system.
More...
Review of: FITNA MEĐU MUSLIMANSKIM INTELEKTUALCIMA? (Ahmet Alibašić, Arapsko proljeće, ulema i muslimanski intelektualci, Centar za napredne studije, Sarajevo 2022)
More...
The paper analyzed the possibilities and abilities of people with disabilities in the field of entrepreneurship in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It tried to point out the possible risk that entrepreneurship carries with it, but also the benefits that arise from it, namely the profit that is necessary for improving the quality of life of any person. The above is especially important for groups that are more difficult to employ, including persons with disabilities, who, through the procedure of entering the world of entrepreneurship, can achieve an adequate job for themselves, as well as for a certain number of other members of the community. Key personality traits for entrepreneurship were analyzed separately. Through the conducted research, we especially tried to find out how empowered people with disabilities are to enter the world of entrepreneurship, and how satisfied they are and whether they are familiar with the benefits that the system offers to all people who decide to start their own entrepreneurial idea.
More...
The development of technology has brought some new forms of communication and placement of information. Media content from the print media has moved to internet platforms, ie web portals and social networks. Thus began the era of online journalism. However, who to trust and how to choose the best quality content when deciding between thousands of similar sites? Credibility is the biggest issue in the business of online journalism. As a rule, all information should be verified, but in many cases this is not the case. That is why journalists often use the word “allegedly”. The advantage is of course the large number of the public who can read the news. The aim of this paper was to determine how the portals Klix.ba, Avaz.ba, Bljesak.info, Večernji.ba, Glassrpske.com and Srpska info are Bosnian. Presented content on coronavirus. The contents were analyzed according to the basic parameters that determine the credibility and objectivity of media reporting.
More...
Forty years ago, German scientist Elisabeth Noelle – Neumann developed a spiral of silence theory to describe the process of forming public opinion, that is, to explain why some social groups do not express opinions on controversial and moral issues, while other groups do not hesitate to express opinions on the same topics. As part of the theory, Noelle – Neumann set out five hypotheses on which to test the theory of the spiral of silence. The hypotheses are formulated based on prominent theories and basic concepts from the domain of public opinion. Studying the literature and the theoretical starting point on which the empirical research is based on the validation of the assumptions of the theory, we can conclude that the original theoretical scope of the spiral of silence theory was sufficient to determine the concepts that form the backbone of the theoretical basis and the whole research. Through decades of subjecting the theory to numerous studies, the theoretical scope of the spiral of silence has been optimized by additional scientific-theoretical settings. The spiral of silence continues to spark debates among scientists and is applied today in research that most often tests the spiral of silence and its assumptions in the new media environment of online media and social networks. From previous research, it is evident that the theory obviously has some weaknesses and inconsistencies that need to be subjected to further testing.
More...
The article analyses representations of the experience of changes in ownership in the diaries of Poles ideologically involved in creating production cooperatives in Poland after WWII. The author uses unpublished archival materials from the competition for “New Peasants Diaries” [Nowe pamiętniki chłopów, 1955–1956] and diaries published in the volumes Young Rural Generation of the Polish People’s Republic [„Młode pokolenie wsi Polski Ludowej”, 1963–1967]. The first part of the article focuses on the experiences and hopes associated with the process of creating socialist ownership and tries to answer the question of how cooperative members understood the challenges of the future in the context of socialism. Following this, the article analyses the diaries of rural youth. These narratives describe the process of liquidating the cooperatives and how the idea of production cooperatives existed after 1956.
More...
The article analyses narratives on childhood present in peasant diaries written shortly after World War II, and referring to peasant memories of the interwar period. The text is written in the perspective of new childhood studies. It shows how childhood is constructed in these written practices, and what purpose the narratives serve, as well as how these narratives are positioned in the broader context of modern discourses created around childhood by other social classes. The central issue tackled in the paper is their portrayal of children’s agency, and how it relates to the question of social advancement. The author argues that children’s silent and invisible self-reliance—understood as inconspicous agency —eludes the adult narratives of the time, focused on depicting advancement, and at the same time is crucial for achieving such advancement.
More...
The subject of this article comprises the experiences of representatives of the Polish peasant strata who, in the first post-war years, became politically active as party activists or state officials. The main thesis of the paper is that the pre-war Polish communist movement and post-war structures of power constitute a space of simultaneous overlapping and tensions between people’s history and political history. The personal files of working-class and peasant activists may be regarded as source material for the above. In this article, the author indicates the benefits that historians and sociologists can draw from an in-depth and empathetic analysis of this source base, revealing patterns of political socialisation, the dynamics of biographical transformations and their perception, the status uncertainty of “former labourers” and “former peasants”, the horizons of their aspirations and their claims to agency and its political limitations.
More...
The article analyses the prospects for the development of historical sociology in Poland as a separate sub-discipline, and in particular the opportunities for building an academic career within it, from the perspective of the sociology of science. History is an important resource in the symbolic battles fought in public debate in Poland. Tackling historical topics brings sociologists closer to participating in this debate and opens up non-academic areas of activity. At the same time historical analyses enable them to bring Polish topics of research to an international academic audience, and contribute to discussions on global social phenomena. These two aspects combine and condition each other, because projects in which sociologists research the past aim at providing new interpretations of Polish history, which are simultaneously in tune with growing trends in world science, such as the themes of history of empires and global history. The findings of in- -depth interviews conducted with Polish sociologists in 2020 constitute the basis of this analysis.
More...
The article aims to analyse the opportunities for and limitations in using game theory in historical sociology. Selected examples of such possible applications are used: an iterated game of chicken in the case of the July Crisis of 1914, which led to the outbreak of World War I, and the dilemma of the prisoner, with an asymmetric arrangement between players, for understanding the relations between peasant and feudal lord in the serf economy system. Both examples serve to show the usefulness of game-theory models as tools enabling an understanding of past reality as a consequence of human decisions and not merely the realisation of their intentions. At the same time, the author emphasises that modelling the past in itself is only one of the stages of understanding history, and one that just like the others (collecting data and creating narratives) is an interpretative action dependant on the knowledge and competence of the researcher.
More...
Following China’s economic reforms, working parents in China have become increasingly dependent on grandparents to help care for their children. This paper examines the effect of this care on the health of children. To do this, it relies on both objective and subjective indicators of the health of children. WHO criteria for the growth of children are used as markers of the objective health of children. Subjective valuations are based on the assessments of parents of children cared for by grandparents and on those of older children. The analyzed data are drawn from the China Family Panel Studies 2016 survey using OLS, 2SLS, GMM and Oprobit models. It is found that grandparent care of Chinese children has a positive effect on their physical health but parents of these children and older children given this care believe that it has a negative health effect. It is also found that boys are healthier than girls, the health of children rises with level of education attained by the mother, and improves with the level of income of their families. Policy measures are proposed to improve grandparent care of grandchildren and to reduce misperceptions about the value of this care for the health of children (under the age of 15)
More...