Weirdness, Feel-Bad and New Extremity in Contemporary European Film: the Examples of Greece, Austria, France and Romania

Author(s): Liviu Lutas / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

In this paper, I approach the question of the use of provocation based on elements like nakedness, sex, violence and weirdness in a number of contemporary films from Greece, Austria and Romania and compare them to the use of provocative elements in the New French Extremity wave. Indeed, these films seem to share the aim to create a feeling of discomfort in the viewer, and have therefore been labeled as The Greek Weird Wave (Rose 2011), Austrian feel-bad film (Lim 2006) and the New French Extremity (Quandt 2004). Romanian cinema after 2001 has only the label of “Romanian New Wave” or “New Romanian Cinema”, but has similar characteristics, both thematically and aesthetically, to the other cinemas mentioned here. Some such characteristics are “awkward dialogue, heightened background noise, sudden violence and emotional breakdown”, a “predilection for depicting the banal underbelly of society, which many filmmakers carefully dissect through strong formal agendas and unflinching hyperrealism”, or a “crossover between sexual decadence, bestial violence and troubling psychosis”.The aim of the use of provocation in this film cannot be easily established. Admittedly, allegorical interpretations in political directions are possible and relevant, whether those concern the financial breakdown (as in the Greek examples) or the difficult adaptation to neo-liberalism (as in the Romanian examples) or just the movement against the bourgeois society and neo-liberalism (as in the Austrian and French examples). But provocation cannot be reduced to these allegorical interpretations. Its use allows for aesthetic innovation, which is amalyzed here by a close reading of some case studies, such as Michael Haneke’s Funny Games (1997), Ulrich Seidl’s Dog Days (2001), Yorgos Lanthiomos’s Dogtooth (2009), Cristi Puiu’s The Death of Mr. Lăzărescu (2005) and Aurora (2010), Cristian Mungiu’s 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007) and Călin Peter Netzer’s Cild’s Pose (2013). New French Extremity films are only discussed as background examples in order to compare the use of provocative elements.

Czy władza jest wszędzie? Krytyka dwóch uzasadnień Foucaultowskiej tezy o powszechności władzy

Author(s): Jerzy Stachowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Michel Foucault is one of those authors who significantly impacted upon broadening the meaning of the term “power, ” including realms in which one is to look for its symptoms. Foucault’s contribution to the developmental tendency within the studies of power is especially striking. In the History of Sexuality, Foucault was to openly claim that power was plainly everywhere. For years Foucault had been elaborating two ways of legitimizing this view, which is named here “a prevalence of power” thesis. For the sake of the below analysis, the first justification is going to be called historiosophical, and the second—social differentiation justification. The article aims at criticizing both of them and, although indirectly, the very thesis they support. Since the boundaries of all Foucauldian analytics of power are outlined by these two justifications, their reconstruction and critical consideration are of crucial importance for the post-Foucauldian current in social sciences.

Trzy światy białoruskiej rewolucji

Author(s): Justyna Prus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 786/2020

Upadek wielkiego marzenia

Author(s): Małgorzata Nocuń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 786/2020

КОНТРОЛА ВАТРЕНОГ ОРУЖЈА И РОДНО ЗАСНОВАНО НАСИЉЕ: ЛИНК КОЈИ НЕДОСТАЈЕ?

Author(s): Danijela V. Spasić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2020

In the early 2000s, estimates indicated the presence of over a million pieces of firearms and a large amount of ammunition in the possession of Serbian citizens. At the same time, the demographics of domestic violence pointed to the consequences of the misuse of firearms in the context of family and partner violence. A large number of women’s killings (annually between 30 and 40) also raised the issue of possession of (non) legal weapons, as well as the adequate response of institutions in preventing fatal outbreaks. On the basis of the fact that Serbia passed the Law on Weapons and Ammunition in 2015, in 2013 it ratified the Istanbul Convention and adopted the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence in 2016, and the statistics on the death by murder of women in the context of domestic violence, the analytical approach in the paper focuses on seeking the answer to the question: whether the existing legislative framework provides for the protection of victims of violence against the misuse of firearms? The findings of study indicate the need to enhance the coherence of the legislative response to the risks posed by the presence of firearms in the family context, as well as establishing stronger links between the legislative framework for the control of firearms and the laws governing the response to domestic violence and partner violence.

Současné směry oblasti v zajištění fyzické bezpečnosti objektů a areálů státní správy

Author(s): Michal Strnad,Vladimír Oliberius / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2021

The paper deals with current trends in securing objects and premises of state administration. Authors deal with possibilities of signaling evaluation from various types of security and detection systems. They deal very briefly with the benefits of additional security systems in the evaluation of new technologies within the framework of uniform security systems. The second part is devoted to the key input systems. The pros and cons are described here, including notifications of one of the latest key entry systems, especially with regard to its contribution to the physical security of buildings and sites.

Przemoc od kuchni. „Gardzienice” w ogniu pytań

Author(s): Zofia Smolarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 790/2021

Walka o podmiotowość w teatrze trwa

Author(s): Dominika Biernat,Marta Ścisłowicz,Julia Wyszyńska,Katarzyna Pawlicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 790/2021

Nasilje

Author(s): Lana Vranješ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 120-121/2021

Nasilje, što je nasilje? Često ovu riječ u posljednje vrijeme čujem, ali nikada nisam razmišljala što ona krije. Nikad se nisam zapitala što nasilje donosi, kako se nositi s nasiljem bilo ono psihičko ili fizičko.

Profil nasilnika: rani znaci za detekciju

Author(s): Željko Bjelajac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Violence is a complex social phenomenon that includes a wide range of manifestations. This phenomenon affects the lives of millions of people around the planet every day and causes damage to their physical and mental health, and its most severe forms often lead to loss of human lives. This paper aimed to point out the importance of profiling bullies in the context of early signs for detection of antisocial behaviour and preventive action in adolescence. It is actually a new way of reacting to make violence visible before it happens and challenge outdated approaches to intervention programs after its manifestation. The following methods were used: quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis (reaction to violence) and descriptive and analytical statistics. The content is designed to better understand the impact of chronic exposure to violence, especially of children and women, in the social environment with the overarching goal of identifying flexible risk factors and protective factors that can be planned in prevention and intervention strategies, in pursuit of effective community response.

Vršnjačko nasilje kao oblik socijalne destrukcije

Author(s): Željko Ninčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

Every act of violence carries a certain destructive "potential" which effect depends, both on the form of its manifestation as well as on the "sensitivity of the target" to which it is directed. Such acts represent various forms of social destruction where, surely, peer violence has a special place. This "uniqueness" is reflected in the sensitivity of the population that is a participant in this form of violence. It is, most often, the school population, young people who are in the most important period of their physical, emotional, intellectual, and cultural development. Therefore, peer violence can have a decisive impact on their overall development, regardless of whether they participate as perpetrators or are victims of such violence. The aim of this paper is to point out the problem of peer violence, the difficulty of identifying various forms as well as the seriousness of the consequences that peer violence can have on both the victim and the perpetrator. By analyzing various contents, which subject is research on peer violence, using the methods of induction and deduction, the author seeks to identify those elements of peer violence that, with an adequate social reaction, would have a decisive influence on reducing its destructive character. The paper emphasizes the necessity of terminological delimitation of certain terms that are used as synonyms for defining violence. It points out the phenomenon of peer violence, its types and the risk factors that determine it. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of society in preventing peer violence, and the necessity for various mechanisms to recognize it and prevent its negative effects. It is especially pointed out that the determination of the society to face peer violence is a fundamental prerequisite for its suppression.

Veštačka inteligencija (AI) u funkciji prepoznavanja emocija i nasilničkog mentaliteta

Author(s): Momčilo B. Bajac,Željko Bjelajac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2022

In this paper, we discuss the impact of the latest technologies, primarily artificial intelligence (AI), on the wider social and natural environment, as well as on the individual lives of people in an increasing range of contexts. We talk about AI as complex ecosystems made up of natural resources, energy, human labour, infrastructure, logistics, history, data, and a multitude of classifications. Even though for now, AI is neither artificial nor as intelligent as it is presented to the general public, there is a strong desire for its universalization and absolutization. In this paper, we have specifically discussed the possibility of applying AI to recognize emotions and violent mentality to prevent violent behaviour. This required an analysis of the practice of collecting data and classifying them into fixed categories in order to achieve “reliable” search outputs for different needs. The profile of a violent personality is determined by both social-relational and biological-psychological characteristics, which represents a large number of variables that should be taken into account when constructing an algorithm for recognizing emotions and violent personality. We conclude that with the current level of AI development and very reduced and discrete algorithms, it is not possible to take into account enough data to obtain a reliable way to predict behaviour and take possible measures without discrimination and danger to individuals and society as a whole. But given the incredibly rapid technological development, especially in the field of quantum computing, this field faces a very dynamic future.

Experiences of Professionals Ensuring the Protection of Children from Violence

Author(s): Karina Linkienė,Edita Štuopytė / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Violence leaves long-lasting scars on children's lives and protecting children from violence remains an important and pressing issue for researchers, public policy makers and public service professionals. This article aims to reveal the experiences of professionals who ensure the protection of children from violence. The following tasks have been set: first, to define a theoretical approach to the practical protection of children from domestic violence; second, to determine the peculiarities of ensuring the protection of children from violence by means of analysis of the experience of specialists. The study used semi-structured interviews. The research in municipality N revealed that various specialists from state and non-governmental institutions are involved in the process: psychologists, child protection specialists, social workers, social educators, employees of medical institutions, mobile teams, police representatives and children's day care centers. The study results showed that one of the most significant positive aspects of ensuring the protection of children from post-reform violence is an established case management position and having a mobile team. The following advantages of providing mobile team support tools have emerged: identifying the initial difficulties of family members and a thorough, in-depth analysis of the problem across a wide range of areas of life; intensive involvement of professionals in assisting the family and the child. The study highlighted the main work challenges that professionals have to overcome: quality assurance at work, emotional experiences at work, the need for psychological support, the ability to manage stressful situations, working with problem adolescents, parental aggression and the reluctance of children and parents to accept help. There are various obstacles in implementing the assistance plan for professionals (unopened investigation, lack of services and availability of services) and therefore it is necessary to find ways to overcome these obstacles.

Przemoc i agresja wśród nieletnich na przykładzie uczniów szkół specjalnych powiatu ostródzkiego

Author(s): Jakub Przybysz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2022

Wśród młodzieży w coraz większym stopniu można dostrzec nasilenie zachowań agresywnych oraz stosowania przemocy, dlatego podjąłem się próby zbadania problemu przemocy i agresji wśród uczniów szkół podstawowych. Praca przedstawia analizę zjawiska przemocy oraz zachowań agresywnych wśród młodzieży. Badania wskazują rodzaje stosowanej przemocy oraz cel jej użycia. Dokonałem również analizy form zachowań agresywnych, miejsc stosowania przemocy oraz sposoby reagowania uczniów na przemoc i agresję. W swoich badaniach dokonałem także podziału na szkoły oraz klasy w ramach najszerszego przedstawienia podanych problemów.

Przemoc domowa wobec kobiet na przykładzie miasta Ostrołęka

Author(s): Edyta Bacławska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2022

Według Pełnomocnika Rządu ds. Równego Statusu Kobiet i Mężczyzn przemoc wobec kobiet jest przejawem historycznej nierówności sił w stosunkach pomiędzy kobietami a mężczyznami, która doprowadziła do zdominowania i dyskryminacji kobiet przez mężczyzn oraz stanowi barierę dla pełnego awansu kobiet. To właśnie kobiety bardzo często stają się ofiarami przemocy domowej. Jest to zjawisko dość popularne, czego nie należy negować. Szacuje się, że w krajach Europy przemoc domowa mieści się w przedziale od 20% do 50% przypadków i przejawia się ona najczęstszym wskaźnikiem śmiertelności w kategorii wiekowej 15–44 lata1. W 2004 roku przeprowadzono w Polsce badania, z których wynika, że co trzecia kobieta ukończywszy 16 rok życia doznała przemocy fizycznej; szacuje się, że co szósta przemocy seksualnej, a 18% badanych kobiet doznało przemocy fizycznej lub seksualnej w dzieciństwie. Odnotowano, że spośród badanych kobiet żadnej formy przemocy nie doznało 59%, natomiast co szósta kobieta, będąc dorosłą, doznała przemocy ze strony partnera. Przemoc wobec kobiet stanowi bardzo ważny problem, dyskryminuje kobiety i narusza prawa człowieka i podstawowe wolności (na przykład prawo do życia i zdrowia).

Imitacja, deprywacja, kontrrewolucja… W poszukiwaniu nieoczywistych źródeł wojny plemion?

Author(s): Arkadiusz Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (8)/2021

First of all, the article explains the meaning of such terms as deprivation and the Politics of Imitation, and then determines their potential impact on the phenomenon of tribal war. The research problem is whether the categories of the politics of imitation and relative deprivation related to the crisis of democracy can constitute one of the sources of tribal war and how this link could be realized? The problem is analyzed in the context of the process known as the counter-revolution in relation to the changes that took place after 1989.

НАКАЗАННАЯ СМЕРТЬ

Author(s): Igor Smirnov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2022

The article attempts to interpret violence as a struggle against death, carried out by its own means. In emancipating himself from dependence on nature, man generates in his creative élan his own universe of socioculture, equivalent to the natural world. Death, however, cannot receive any constructive substitution, trampled by death itself. Violence in our social life prevents the negation, with which the presence of the Other threatens us. By confrontation with the Other, we reach our final frontier.

Preventing and Responding to Violence against Children and Adolescents in Institutions Run by the Catholic Church: The Procedures for Documenting Prevention Strategies

Author(s): Anna Seredyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Preventing and responding to sexual violence against children and adolescents is a crucial task of the contemporary Church. The article first outlines the historical foundations of prevention measures taken by the Catholic Church in Poland. This section is followed by the conclusions of the audit of the documents drafted in dioceses and provinces of religious orders in Poland. The last section summarizes the conclusions from two meetings of the persons responsible for prevention in Catholic dioceses and religious orders in Poland. These meetings were held in Częstochowa and Gniezno, and their participants discussed the results of the audit of the prevention documents and the reception of this audit.The method used in the study was analysis: the analysis of relevant documents (the article presents the conclusions of this analysis) and the analysis of the conclusions formulated during the meetings of those in charge of prevention. These conclusions will be used in the development of further prevention strategies for the protection of children and adolescents in Poland. They will also be the basis for planning preventive actions by individual dioceses and orders such as planning both training classes and workshops for employees, volunteers as well as children, adolescents and parents. They will allow planning methods of monitoring and supervising the work of educators.

Challenges, Risks and Threats to Human Security in the 4th Industrial Revolution

Author(s): Ljubomir M. Mitrović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The world has been gradually entering the fourth industrial revolution, where a new wave of technological advancement will bring humanity into a new era of globalization. Global supply chains will become more efficient while reducing transport costs, which will contribute to opening new markets and drive economic growth. According to an analysis by the World Economic Forum, the fourth industrial revolution will increase the level of global income and quality of life for people around the world. However, increasing intersectionality and emerging technological trends will expose humanity to new forms of security challenges, risks and threats such as Internet fraud and data theft, cyberattacks, large-scale spontaneous migration, climate change, etc., as stated in the 2020 Global Economic Forum's Global Risk Report.

Analiza obučenosti interventnih jedinica policije Ministarstva unutrašnjih poslova Republike Srbije

Author(s): Bojan D. Janković,Saša Milojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

This paper aims to answer the following questions: (1) how well the members of the Intervention Police Units (IPU) are trained for performing dedicated tasks, and (2) whether there is the influence of some characteristics of members of the IPU on the level of their training. The data used to perform the analysis were collected using the combined instrument - a survey questionnaire and a test. The instrument contained 6 survey-type questions used to collect data on the sample and 10 test questions. The correct answer to each question was given one point. The level of knowledge of the surveyed members of the IPU was expressed by the sum of the achieved points. The survey was anonymous and 90 randomly chosen members of the IPU participated in it. The collected data were processed by a statistical method, at which several techniques were used, namely: 1) standard descriptive techniques; 2) single factor analysis of variance ANOVA, and 3) single factor multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA. The results presented in the paper show that the members of the IPU have considerable knowledge about the tasks they do. However, there is still much room for improving that level bearing in mind that the analyses showed that there was influence of some characteristics of the IPU members on the level of their training. These are the degree of achieved professional qualification, formation duty in the IPU defined by professional qualification and a number of training of respondents for the IPU operations. All listed characteristics demonstrate considerable influence.