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THE CONSEQUENCES OF PSYCHOACTIVE DRUG MISUSE TO PERSONAL AND GENERAL SAFETY OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE COUNTRY

Author(s): Bora Stanojković / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2015

The problem with misuse of Psycho Active Substances, in short PAS, in youth indicates continuous jeopardizing of drug addict, starting from socio-medicinal condition since psychophysical status and then socio-economical status of a family become endangered. The drug addict with his antisocial behavior at first uses the substance without much care and out of curiosity and then, forced by his body needs, enters into a never-ending circle which conditions the behavior that is a threat to himself, his family, close and distant environment in its socio-medicinal, economic and security means. All this shows just how many problems this causes to an individual, his family and country as a whole. All the indicators in socio-medicinal, economic and security fields indicate significant influence of drug misuse (narcotism), on the overall condition of the country since drug addict is not capable of taking care of himself so the family becomes burdened, occupied with that problem (social, economic, medicinal and legal status). Moreover, drug addictsare susceptible to committing suicide. No drug addict is capable of defending his country. There is also large funding involved in engaging professionals in the treatment and resocialization of such individuals.

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Strategia redukcji szkód w pracy z osobami uzależnionymi od narkotyków i alkoholu

Author(s): Ewa Dubiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Polityka państw europejskich, Stanów Zjednoczonych, Ameryki Południowej i Australii od kilkunastu lat zmierza w kierunku restrukturyzacji systemu pomocy osobom uzależnionym wdrażając działania, których celem jest ograniczanie szkód zdrowotnych i społecznych wynikających z używania substancji psychoaktywnych. Wiele krajów oferuje dostęp do niskoprogowych programów, czyli takich, w których udział nie nakłada na uczestnika obowiązku utrzymywania abstynencji i stosowania się do wygórowanych zasad i obowiązków placówki odwykowej. Redukcja szkód jest filozofią opartą na pragmatycznych i realistycznych celach pracy z osobami uzależnionymi i użytkownikami. Zakłada, że każda, nawet najmniejsza zmiana jest ważna i należy ją wzmacniać. Programy redukcji szkód funkcjonują zazwyczaj w kilku sektorach oddziaływań społecznych – terapii, resocjalizacji, profilaktyki zachowań ryzykownych i pomocy społecznej. W Polsce poszerzenie oferty terapeutycznej o programy redukcji szkód jest zjawiskiem nadal marginalnym, a zmiany w systemie leczenia uzależnień nie nadążają za dynamicznymi zmianami wzorca używania substancji psychoaktywnych. Monolityczny system pomocy, oparty na abstynencji, jest niewystarczający i nie odpowiada na zmieniające się potrzeby w zakresie pomocy osobom tego potrzebującym.

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Narkomania w wojsku – wybrane uwarunkowania

Author(s): Mieczysław Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2009

Drug abuse is a growing social problem in Poland and is a particularly serious problem in the Military. The conditions of military service may be a factor that stimulates drug addiction among soldiers, particularly those who are psychically and physically weak and not adapted to team work. The psychical stress that results from the abrupt breaking of existing bonds and social relationships (family, colleagues, partners) is intensified by spatial limits (military barracks), and the character of military units (personal freedom limitation). Another important aspect is, natural in this situation, access to weapons and the nature of tasks performed by a modern army. Yet the army continues to recruit young people who are physically and mentally weaker and weaker. In face of this problem, the commanders, supervisors and teachers are required to possess not only psychological and pedagogical knowledge, but also ethical and moral awareness. The article is based on empirical results of the test conducted in 2007 among 100 conscription soldiers of the Lublin Garrison of the Polish Army.

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Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 14 grudnia 2016 r. (III KK 152/16)

Author(s): Cezary Kulesza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2017

If the case is circumstantial in nature, it is considered as an unbreakable chain of circumstantial evidence. In the interconnection one should lead to an irresistible conclusion about the prosecution's case despite the lack of direct evidence.

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Dylematy uzależnienia – impulsywność i radzenie sobie ze stresem u mężczyzn uczestniczących w terapii uzależnień

Author(s): Dariusz Krok,Ilona Gałążewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (15)/2016

Previous research on the addicts focused primarily on the aspect of reactive coping, while proactive approach was ignored. The aspect of impulsivity also proved to be little examined, due to the variety of research from distinct perspectives. In view of the above, the objective of this thesis was to investigate differences in characteristics of impulsivity and reactive and proactive coping among addicts and men without addiction. The work consists of three chapters. The first focuses on a review of theory and research in the field of addiction, impulsivity, and coping with stress. The second chapter presents methodology of research, and in the third chapter results are presented and discussed. In order to verify the formulated hypotheses, research was carried out on 160 men. The experimental group was 80 addicted men, while the control group was composed of the same number of men without addiction. Three psychological tools have been applied: Impulsivity – IVE Questionnaire, Questionnaire coping – CISS and Scale of Responses to Daily Events – PCI. In order to carry out the statistical analysis STATISTICA was used. The analysis of the results allowed significant differences between groups of subjects studied. Men with drug addiction had a higher intensity of impulsivity, and the use of escape coping strategies, among which are proactive strategies related to search for instrumental and emotional support, and coping by avoiding. Men without addiction compared to those from the experimental group apply more often the performance style of coping and proactive strategies related to preventive and reflexive coping, and strategic planning.

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REDUKCJA SZKÓD W PRACY SOCJALNEJ Z OSOBAMI UZALEŻNIONYMI - PRZYKŁAD POLSKI

Author(s): Pawel Maczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

This paper focuses on the model of harm reduction from the perspective of social work. The first section presents key theoretical assumptions behind two strategies for helping persons addicted to psychoactive substances: a traditional one aimed at maintaining total abstinence, and the strategy under discussion, which is related to mitigating the consequences arising as a result of alcohol consumption or use of illicit drugs. Both these paradigms are treated as complementary, though in light of therapeutic actions (medical and psychological) from which they have originated and developed, they diff er from each other among others in terms of their targets, how they define the aid relationship, their rules of providing aid and criteria for verifying its efficiency. Section two analyzes the relations between the concept of harm reduction and social work in its theoretical and practical dimensions. The existing literature on social work and, separately, on the theory of addiction, lacks any references to or research into the mutual influences of the harm reduction model and its application to social work. The above topic has not been examined in a systematic fashion so far, but rather it was limited solely to indicating certain related forms of actions taken in the community. This paper fills that gap and tries to make an assessment of the usefulness and significance of the above paradigm in the practice of social work with addicts, with a focus on the Polish welfare system.

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“I’m Not Like Most Of You Here, I’m Just An ALCOHOLIC ”: A RUSSIAN BAPTIST Theory Of Addiction

Author(s): Igor Mikeshin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

In my paper I discuss alcoholics in the Russian Baptist rehabilitation ministry by comparing them to drug addicts. In the outside world, as well as in the early stages of the rehabilitation program, alcoholics and illicit drug abusers are perceived as different cultural groups. However, during the program, rehabilitants learn Russian Baptist dogma and theology, and soon afterwards the distinction becomes obsolete for them. I address narratives of distinction and the Russian Baptist response to them. Then I reconstruct the Russian Baptist theory of addiction to demonstrate why alcoholism and substance dependence are not regarded as a problem, but rather as consequences of the real problem, which is a life in sin.

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Socio-demografski činioci i upotreba psihoaktivnih supstanci u adolescenciji

Author(s): Mia R. Marić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

The emergence of risky behavior is characteristic in adolescence. Of all forms of risky behavior in adolescence, the use of psychoactive substances – cigarettes, alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances particularly stand out, because of the frequency and degree of prevalence of use, and because of the impact that they have on youth development in this sensitive stage of growing up. Unfortunately, today we are witnessing the fact that such behavior in adolescents has gained an increasingly epidemic character mainly due to the characteristics of the social context in which young people are growing up.The main objective of this research, conducted in the framework of the doctoral dissertation of the author, was determining relations between relevant socio-demographic factors: gender, age, school success, financial status and place of residence of respondents, with the appearance and intensity of use of three types of psychoactive substances – cigarettes, alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances among the general population of adolescents. The sample represents non-clinical young population, and it consists of 529 adolescents, students of the 2nd and 4th class of secondary school (17 and 18 years old). The data was collected by using Scale use of PAS (psychoactive substances) in adolescents, which was designed for the purpose of this research, as well as using a set of questions intended for the registration of socio-demographic variables. Respondents filled in questionnaires in groups, during the school lessons.The data show a relationship between the three studied socio-demographic variables with the occurrence and degree of use of psychoactive substances in the adolescence period, such as gender, age and school success of the respondents. As regards gender of respondents associated with the occurrence and degree of alcohol and illegal substance use in adolescents, male adolescents more likely use alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances. Age of respondents associated with the use of all three types of psychoactive substances in adolescence, found that older adolescents were more likely to use cigarettes, alcohol and illegal psychoactive substances. School success of the respondents is associated with the occurrence and degree of use of all three tested categories of psychoactive substances – cigarettes, alcohol and drugs, and the obtained findings indicate that with the decline in school success, the prevalence of all three types of psychoactive substances increases in adolescence. Besides the theoretical significance, the applicability of the findings is reflected in the field of primary prevention and health protection of youth.

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ALKOHOLIO, TABAKO IR KITŲ PSICHIKĄ VEIKIANČIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ PAPLITIMAS TARP LIETUVOS AUKŠTŲJŲ MOKYKLŲ STUDENTŲ

Author(s): Valdonė Indrašienė,Violeta Jegelevičienė,Odeta Merfeldaitė,Asta Railienė,Irena Žemaitaitytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2017

Studies in a higher education institution is a new period in the life of a young person, filled with personal as well as academic or social challenges. This period is characterised by high mental and physical activity, the ability to quickly change one’s habits and take on new models of behaviour, which can have negative consequences in the future. The research reveals that students the use of psychotropic drugs seen as a constructive (eases adaptation into the higher education institution (e.g. it is easier to strengthen interpersonal relations, face new challenges and demands); experimenting with the use of these drugs is considered normal; students intend to discontinue the use of these drugs upon finishing studies) as well as a destructive (negatively affects the results of studies and the quality of studies; long-term consequences to mental and physical health, etc.) phenomenon.An attempt is made to answer the following questions: what are the habits of use of alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substances among students, and what factors affect students’ alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substance use?In order to answer the raised questions, a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire was carried out. The aim of the research is to identify the prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs among the students of higher education institutions. 1118 students of Lithuania’s higher education institutions participated in the research. Multistage sampling (a type of sampling when at each stage of the selection, applying a certain probability sampling method, the number of the sample is reasonably reduced) was used for the selection of participants.The research found that the vast majority of students began to use alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substances even before higher education. Less than half of the participants do smoke or have smoked cigarettes (pipes, cigars) at least once. Less popular are electronic cigarettes, which were used at least once by a third of the students. The vast majority of research participants have never used chewing tobacco (snuff). It was found that strong alcoholic beverages like vodka or brandy are unpopular among students. Meanwhile, almost three quarters of high school students use cider, beer, wine or champagne. More than half of the research participants have used liqueurs and alcoholiccocktails. Almost a fourth of the students have drunk energy drinks at least once or twice per month and drink one or two cans at once. More than every tenth student has smoked “weed”/marijuana or hashish. Other narcotic substances are not popular among students; the overwhelming majority of the students have not used them.The most significant factors influencing the students’ habits of alcohol, tobacco and other psychoactive substances use are gender, nature of work and incomes. Less significant are the place of residence at the time of study and high school type.

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The Changes of Self-efficacy and Perceived Social Support of Addicted to Alcohol Women and Men During Treatment Period

Author(s): Milda Cibulskytė,Loreta Zajančkauskaitė-Staskevičienė / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2017

Background. In order to develop an effective alcohol and other psychoactive substance use prevention programs and improving addiction treatment methods, it is useful to determine the evolution of specific psychological factors of addiction disease during treatment. The aim of the research is to determine the changes in self-efficacy and perceived social support of alcohol-addicted men and women during the treatment. Method. The study included 101 alcohol-addicted persons, receiving treatment at Kaunas County Centre for Addictive Disorders (KCCAD) according to the Minnesota 12-step program. The study used M. Chesney Coping self-efficacy scale, R. M. Young, T. P. S. Oei & P. A. Hasking Drinking Refusal Self Efficacy Questionnaire – revised, G. D. Zimet, N. W. Dahlem, S. G. Zimet & G. K. Farley Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, C. M. Hart, T. D. Ritchie, E. G. Hepper & J. E. Gebauer The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form. Results. The overall self-efficacy, drinking refusal self-efficacy and perceived social support of alcohol-addicted men and women at the end of treatment was higher than at the start of treatment. Changes in the overall self-efficacy, drinking refusal self-efficacy and perceived social support do not differ in alcohol-addicted men and women in the course of treatment. The results showed that there is a link between the overall self-efficacy, drinking refusal self-efficacy and perceived social support in alcohol-addicted women and men both at the start and at the end of treatment, when the participants age ranges from 40 to 59 years. A link has also been found between the overall self-efficacy and perceived social support after the treatment among the participants aged from 18 to 39 years. The Linear regression model showed that a change in drinking refusal self-efficacy in women can be predicted in regard to their perceived social support change, drinking refusal self-efficacy before treatment and perceived social support before treatment. A change in drinking refusal self-efficacy in men can be predicted with regard to their drinking refusal self-efficacy before treatment and the change in the overall self-efficacy.

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Prevention paradox logic and problem gambling: Does low-risk gambling impose a greater burden of harm than high-risk gambling?

Author(s): Paul H. Delfabbro,Daniel King / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence and arguments in favor of prevention paradox (PP) logic in the context of problem gambling. Evidence from recent studies of gambling and the distribution of harm across lower and higher risk gamblers is reviewed to examine the contention that the absolute burden of harm is greater in low-risk (LR) gamblers than the problem gamblers. Methods: The review examines a number of methodological and conceptual concerns about existing evidence in support of the PP. Results: The principal problems identified include the misclassification of LR gamblers; the use of binary scoring method that understates the frequency of harms in high-risk populations; a tendency to confuse behavior and harm; and the use of potentially overly inclusive definitions of harm with low thresholds of severity. Discussion and conclusions: This paper makes a number of recommendations for enhancement of this area of research, including the use of clear definitions of harm and LR behavior and a greater focus on harm with material impacts on people’s quality of life.

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Efficacy of face-to-face versus self-guided treatments for disordered gambling: A meta-analysis

Author(s): Martina Goslar,Max Leibesteder,Hannah M. Muench,Stefan G. Hofmann,Anton-Rupert Laireiter / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

In the light of growing traditional and novel forms of gambling, the treatment of disordered gambling is gaining increasing importance and practical relevance. Most studies have examined face-to-face treatments. Although trials implementing self-guided treatments have recently been conducted, these options have not yet been systematically examined. The primary objective of this meta-analysis, therefore, was to analyze the efficacy of all types of psychological face-to-face and self-guided treatments. Methods: A multilevel literature search yielded 27 randomized controlled studies totaling 3,879 participants to provide a comprehensive comparative evaluation of the short- and long-term efficacies of face-to-face and self-guided treatments for disordered gambling. Results: As expected, the results revealed significantly higher effect sizes for face-to-face treatments (16 studies with Hedges’s g ranging from 0.67 to 1.15) as compared with self-guided treatments (11 studies with Hedges’s g ranging from 0.12 to 0.30) regarding the reduction of problematic gambling behavior. The intensity of treatment moderated the therapy effect, particularly for self-guided treatments. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this metaanalysis favor face-to-face treatments over self-guided treatments for the reduction of disordered gambling. Although the findings broaden the scope of knowledge about psychological treatment modalities for disordered gambling, further research is needed to identify the reasons for these differences with the goal to optimize the treatment for this disabling condition.

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The dangers of conflating gambling-related harm with disordered gambling

Author(s): Matthew Browne,Matthew J. Rockloff / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

In their critical review of the prevention paradox (PP) applied to gambling-related harm, Delfabbro and King (2017) raise a number of concerns regarding specific assumptions, methods, and findings as well as the general conceptual approach. Besides discussing the PP, the review also considers the merits of considering a “continuum of harm,” as opposed to the more traditional categorical approach to classifying problem gamblers. Their critique is carefully modulated and balanced, and starts a useful dialogue in the context of a public health approach to gambling. Unfortunately, some of Delfabbro and King’s (2017) arguments rest on the treatment of gambling harm as a binary state and conflates gambling-related harm with disordered gambling. In this reply, we argue that the application of PP logic to gambling harm has not yet been addressed by us, and is only indirectly related to the more important objective of understanding how gambling can reduce ones’ quality of life.

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Alexithymia predicts loss chasing for people at risk for problem gambling

Author(s): Peter A. Bibby,Katherine E. Ross / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and loss chasing behavior in people at risk and not at risk for problem gambling. Methods: An opportunity sample of 58 (50 males and 8 females) participants completed the Problem Gambling Severity Index and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). They then completed the Cambridge Gambling Task from which a measure of loss-chasing behavior was derived. Results: Alexithymia and problem gambling risk were significantly positively correlated. Subgroups of non-alexithymic and at or near caseness for alexithymia by low risk and at risk for problem gambling were identified. The results show a clear difference for loss-chasing behavior for the two alexithymia conditions, but there was no evidence that low and at-risk problem gamblers were more likely to loss chase. The emotion-processing components of the TAS-20 were shown to correlate with loss chasing. Discussion and conclusion: These findings suggest that loss-chasing behavior may be particularly prevalent in a subgroup of problem gamblers those who are high in alexithymia.

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Suicide and Drug Consumption - Legislative and Deontological Implications

Author(s): Veronica Scripcaru,Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu,Anton Knieling,Romeo P. DOBRIN,Andrei Scripcaru / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The drug consumers and addicts represent a section of the general population being in an obvious tendency of growth. Their contact and interrelations with medical professionals and the institutions of medical care delivery are subjected to complex, dilematic and sometimes contradictory aspects. The recognition and/or the statute of a patient for a drug consumer or addict implies to label with consequences that under certain circumstances and professional interrelations can be beneficial for the patient. The relationship physician – drug consumer/addict is subjected to peculiar regulations outside traditional medical practices. We cannot ignore the fact that the drug consumers and addicts only rarely got o check up with a physician out of his/her own will, conscious of the risk drug abuse jeopardizes one s health. Even in this situation, in the regular medical practice there appears a certain distinction between the medical activities carried out as a private practice and as a practice within public institutions. While in the former offices it is supposed that the subjects always come willingly in the former ones the patients are usually brought in by authorities. Aspects regarding the deontology of the care delivery for the above mentioned patients are dealt with in the specialized publications, handbooks from a general viewpoint at the level of declarations of principle. These aspects neglect the historical, social and cultural, organizing, financial and legislative peculiarities at a given time. It is not rare the situation when the specialized publications regarding drug consumption and the presence of addiction presented standpoints with a more or less dissimulated political underlayer – a fact that complicates the deonthological problems.

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TRANSGRESSIVE DRINKING PRACTICES AND THE SUBVERSION OF PROSCRIPTIVE ALCOHOL POLICY MESSAGES

Author(s): C. Hackley / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

This research makes a new contribution to alcohol policy practice and theory by demonstrating that transgression of officially sanctioned norms and values is a key component of the sub- and counter cultural drinking practices of some groups of young consumers. Therefore, policy messages that proscribe these drinking practices with moral force are likely to be subverted and rendered counter-productive. The qualitative analysis draws on critical geography and literary theories of the carnivalesque to delineate three categories of transgression: transgressions of space and place, transgressions of the body, and transgressions of the social order. Implications for alcohol policy are discussed.

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Lojalność konsumentów alkoholu w kontekście pijackiego stylu spośycia w świetle badań metodą wywiadu biograficznego

Author(s): Dariusz Siemieniako / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2013

In the paper it is presented the issue of alcohol loyalty of young consumers in the binge drinking context in social marketing perspective. The specificity of loyalty behaviors towards alcohol is presented basing on empirical study using biographical interview method with 10 interviewees. Majority of interviewee perceive the adequacy of using loyalty term in relation to alcohol. There are identified three areas of alcohol consumers’ loyalty: consumers’ loyalty as a result on alcohol characteristics, consumers’ loyalty towards alcohol brand and place of shopping and consumers’ loyalty in the social context – occasions, ritual, and prestige. Deeper understanding of issue of alcohol young consumers’ loyalty should enable more adequate social marketing interventions which goal is to limitation of scale of binge drinking.

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Silna marka jako kluczowy instrument budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej w sektorze alkoholi wysokoprocentowych

Author(s): Katarzyna Liczmańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2012

In today’s economic reality selling a premium product at an available price does not ensure market success any longer. Customers need to be offered something more – they need to be offered some additional value that is usually impossible to be measured precisely. Apart from gaining specific product features, the buyer wants to gain also positive feelings, the sense of belonging to a particular social group or the ability of standing out. The brand built on dissimilarity and offering consumers the benefits they are interested in becomes a value that conditions a market success of the product in every industry. The entire ban on public advertising of alcoholic beverages in Poland has become a serious impediment to building and maintaining a strong position of high-proof alcoholic beverages brands. Therefore, in this industry products need to stand out and possess specific unique features so that consumers could identify with them. The author of the paper has formulated a thesis that the main competitive advantage of companies, which operate in the industry discussed, are powerful brands possessed by them.

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Ar neblaivus asmuo turi teisę valdyti autonominį automobilį?

Author(s): Karolis Kubilevičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 1(17)/2018

Author analyzes whether an intoxicated person has the right to use an autonomous vehicle in the context of current laws and the duty of care. In the first part of the article, the author discusses the commonalities and unique features of an autonomous vehicle. Firstly, the article compares different types of autonomous vehicles, in order to determine the concept of this type of vehicle. It is established, that henceforth the author will only focus on a fully autonomous vehicle. Secondly, once it is established which autonomous vehicle level is going to be the main focus of this article, the article distinguishes the unique features of fully autonomous vehicle and its management features. The results showed that fully autonomous vehicles can be used in any kind of environment without any interaction of a person and is expected to provide extra movement of freedom for disabled people. Furthermore, it is not enough for an autonomous vehicle to simply work as intended. The autonomous system has to be the safety net and provide the redundancy. After identifying autonomous vehicle‘s unique features, the author analyses the development progress and forecast of laws in United States of America (hereinafter – USA) and European Union. The results show, that USA is one of the leading countries in autonomous vehicle development. The ability to enact separate laws from the federal government, allows states to try out different kind of laws in order to regulate autonomous vehicle use. Meanwhile, the European Union takes a more conservative approach, by undergoing various experiments and researches in order to ascertain the safety of autonomous vehicles. It is also established that in USA, the laws do not prohibit an intoxicated person from using an autonomous vehicles, meanwhile in European Union, due to the lack of laws, it is prohibited. After establishing the unique features of autonomous vehicle, in the second part of this work, the author conducts an analysis on the duty of care and how it is affected by different amounts of alcohol and legal regulations. Firstly, taking into consideration that driving requires a great degree of care, the first paragraph analyses different regulations and case law to underline the importance of care for a driver. Afterwards, the author discusses Lithuania’s drunk driving regulations. It is established, that the prohibition to drunk driving has two aims: (1) to prevent casualties on the road and (2) to reduce alcohol consumption. Furthermore, it is established that even though the drunk driving prohibition is supposed to reduce alcohol consumption, in practice, it does not fully achieve its aim. Secondly, as study shows, even a small amount of alcohol has a negative effect on driver’s duty of care. Countries, in order to prevent road casualties and an increased alcohol consumption, use different types of limitations. After comparing several European country’s laws, it’s established that the allowed maximum alcohol limit for drivers depends on various different aspects, such as: road infrastructure, transport system, education system, number of road casualties, political and economic feasibility issues. Finally, it is established that an intoxicated person has the right to use an autonomous vehicle, but the right is not absolute. These limitations can only be determined by conducting additional studies in certain fields, such as: road infrastructure, transportation system, education system, number of road casualties and certain political and economic questions.

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ADDICTIONS IN THE PERIOD OF THE ADOLESCENCE AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE FAMILY LIFE. THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE YOUNG ADULT

Author(s): Mădălina Galan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Nowadays we are facing a very difficult to understand paradox regarding the adolescent drug use. Although the number of information campaigns and prevention of the consump-tion are constantly increasing, the information sources on this topic are growing and more complex, the parents are more informed upon the devastating effects of the drugs and upon the way in which they should discuss with their children, the number of people with addic-tions is growing, the start-up age is decreasing and the types of consumed drugs are more and more diversified. For the drug use phenomena there are several medical, social and psychological theo-ries. But the drug consume during adolescence has longer effects upon the life of the former user ? Can the members of the family or the family situation favor the adolescent drug use ? The drug consume had left repercussions upon their formation as adults, upon their rela-tionships and their present life ? We tried to find out answers to these questions from for-mer drug users (consumers of cannabis, cocaine, heroin, tobacco) through a qualitative research based on the technique of the individual interview.

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