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Vulnerable Groups of Inmates. Country report - Belgium

Author(s): Nicola Giovannini,Malena Zingoni / Language(s): English

The country reports on vulnerable groups of inmates consider the situation of selected groups of prisoners qualified by UN as vulnerable due to their special position in the prisons of Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Each paper researches the availability of legal provisions in the respective country which possibly neutralise these groups’ vulnerabilities as well as practices which authorities and NGOs implement towards these groups. The reports are a part of the Re-socialization of offenders in the EU: enhancing the role of the civil society (RE-SOC) initiative, coordinated by the Center for the Study of Democracy.

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Национално изследване за престъпността 2008 година – резултати и тенденции

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian

In February 2008, the Vitosha Research study on victims of crime was completed. Vitosha Research has conducted such research annually since 2005. The aim of the study is to track downward trends in individual offenses (burglary, robbery, assaults, threats, etc.) as well as the extent to which the victims are willing to report the offenses committed against them. Another goal of the study was to trace victims' attitudes towards the police as a whole, their propensity to cooperate with law enforcement, and their general anxiety about the danger of crime. The study included special blocks devoted to two major societal problems - drug use and corruption among civil servants.

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Suppressing the Misuse of Narcotics New Dimensions in Narcotics Control

Author(s): Dragana Petrović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Misuse of narcotics is more and more our reality and its explicit tendency is increasingly destructive against the existing state of affairs. More precisely, negative consequences of use of narcotics as well as of crimes connected to them, and particularly the organized crime, are spreading around the globe assuming disastrous dimensions. In spite of the fact that international community has reacted to the situation with a determined strategy applying coordinated instruments in the struggle against the misuse of narcotics, the negative trend still continues. There is no doubt that states invest considerable efforts and enormous resources to put under control this negative social phenomenon. Approaches in that respect differ from country to country due to numerous and variable factors (economic, social, cultural…). The question is: repressive or liberal methods? Special attention in the present paper is paid to the explanation, i.e. monitoring and evaluation of appropriate modalities in preventing and suppressing that negative phenomenon. The optics used are, in a way, the September 2009 Law on amending the Criminal Law, and several more important concept innovations (or those implicitly based on a theoretical conception) as well as criticism of certain new incriminations specified in that Law.

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Zakażenie wirusem HIV jako czynnik zmian w życiu

Author(s): Tomasz Hauza / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents a part of the wider study concerning changes in subjects’ lives caused by being diagnosed with HIV. The diagnosis is treated by the author as a special kind of turning points categorized as so – called critical life events. People who have to cope with such events are forced to reorganize their lives and create new external and internal balance. Critical life events stop subjects’ previous activities and lead to unavoidable changes. The results show that these changes, when it comes to being infected with HIV, take place in all significant areas of people’s lives. The research was carried out taking advantage of a qualitative method with the use of a biographical-narrative interview. This strategy was combined with the quantitative analysis of the collected data. The research sample consisted of 30 people infected with HIV.

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Selected Essays by Young Authors (Vol. 1)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This is the first collection of selected essays by the authors who attended the courses and seminars the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia organized in 2004. Within the three-year project “Building up Democracy and Good Governance in Multiethnic Communities” that is being implemented with the assistance of the European Union, twelve 5-day “schools of democracy” and eight 3-day seminars under the common title “Life and Living in Multiethnic Environments” were held in 2004 in Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Novi Pazar. Over 500 trainees attended these courses and seminars. The project is aimed at capacitating young people – by the means of attractive and interactive courses of training – not only for a life in multiethnic communities that are particularly burdened with the adverse experience of the recent past, mutual distrust and stereotypes, but also for a life in the conditions that mark a modern democracy and reflect its standards. An objective as such implies, among other things, rational perception of notions, developments and trends that are in Serbia still blurred, marginalized and subject to relativism or, moreover, to various and even misguiding interpretations. The Helsinki Committee’s experience testifies this is all about a process that takes time but is worthy of effort – the more so since young people, as evidenced by the selected writings as well, fully perceive it as an imperative need of their own.

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IN THE ARMS OF VICIOUS REALITY

Author(s): Selma Dolovac / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Let me introduce myself – my name is Child. Surname? Well, Child. Nationality, religion? Again, Child. Age? Newly-born Child, living in…well, in the world of children. I beg your pardon? How come I’m here? Well, it wasn’t my will. And, believe me, nobody asked me anything. I even resisted for nine months. They were a li le rough and, against my will, I simply stepped into this... no, I fell into this world. And, believe me, I met with problems immediately – I didn’t hear quite well, especially with my le ear. Probably due to many rifl e salvoes, fi red as a salute to me. Or, perhaps, to get me accustomed to that terrible music. It’s probably a sign that they already have one person more. God, I’m going to be a real hero! What then, I ask myself, being as lonely as I am, and le to to my own thoughts, while I watch them with open eyes, so drunk and dazed.

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A BIG PROBLEM OF YOUNG PEOPLE

Author(s): Erna Oklapi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The most difficult subject that many politicians evade, as well as the people at large, are the problems of young people today. The problem of drug consumption presents the greatest danger of all. My personal belief as regards this is simple and clear. I’m not like the “others” who “don’t know” or “don’t see” what is going on with young people. I don’t take it as a taboo subject and don’t run away from it. In the following, I want to explain that the use of narcotics by young people brings about their ruin, as well as that of the society as a whole and, finally, of the state in which drug addiction is of a mass scale.

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Tiryaki Kukla – Smoking cessation and tobacco prevention among migrants from Turkey in Switzerland

Author(s): Michael P. Schaub,Corina Salis Gross,Claudia Arnold / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As seen in other countries (e.g. for the USA see Baluja et al., 2003), some migrant populations in Switzerland show higher smoking rates than the average population. Recent results from a Swiss survey among the migrant population show significantly higher smoking prevalence rates for Turkish speaking migrants (male: 55.2% and female: 29.5%) than the Swiss population aged 14–65 years (male: 21.7% and female: 19.5%; GMM II, Guggisberg et al., 2011). Additionally, male migrants from Turkey show the highest smoking prevalence rates among the migrant population in Switzerland (ibid.). Turkish-speaking migrants are often also among the highest smoking prevalence groups in other European countries (e.g., Nierkens et al., 2006; Reese et al., 2005). Behavioral therapies in groups (Stead & Lancaster, 2005) or single sessions (Lancaster & Stead, 2005) as well as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; Stead et al., 2008) have been effective for smoking cessation treatment. In Switzerland, such therapies are offered by several providers (e.g., Cancer League, Lung League), but according to the statements of these providers and of other experts of the Swiss tobacco prevention that we interviewed, they are not able to reach the migrant population effectively. Studies from other countries also refer to problems in reaching migrant populations and show the importance of financial access and language barriers (Burns & Fenton, 2006). Another study highlights the importance of cultural aspects (e.g., norms of the religious leaders) when offering smoking cessation treatment for Turkish migrants (Nierkens et al., 2005).

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TMC2017 Conference Proceedings

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This volume brings together a selection of papers presented at the 5th Migration Conference hosted by Harokopio University Athens, 23-26 August 2017.This selection of papers presented at the conference are only a small segment of unedited contributions while many other papers have already been published in or submitted to edited books and refereed journals. There were a total of about 400 papers presented over 100 parallel sessions and three plenary sessions at Kallithea Campus of Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.The keynote speakers included Oded Stark, Saskia Sassen, Giuseppe Sciortino, Neli Esipova and Yuksel Pazarkaya.

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Göç Sürecindeki Diyarbakır’da Çocuklarda Madde Kullanım Eğilimleri

Author(s): Hasan Hüseyin Taylan,İsmail Barış / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Diyarbakır Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Bölgesi’nde yer alan, nüfusunun çoğunluğunun orta ve alt sosyoekonomik düzeyde olduğu büyük bir ilidir. Çevre illerden ve kırsal bölgelerden göç almaktadır. Son 30 yılda terör saldırıları nedeniyle bireylerin travma maruziyetleri yüksektir (Şimşek vd., 2014: 23).

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The Consumption of Drugs in Romanian Schools and its Effects over the Health and Development of the Individual

Author(s): Cristian Dan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The consumption of drugs has remained a long term issue of a significant importance, due to the fact that the substances which accelerate the production of endorphins at the neocortex level present an extended effect or even a definitive one in regards of the cognitive-emotional capacity of the consumer. This kind of practice is not absent in Romania, the number of persons taking in these type of elements showing a significant growth in the last 20 years. The current paperwork will largely focus on analyzing the factors which bring contribution to the distribution and consumption of drugs, especially in schools, and how they affect the social, cultural, cognitive and psychological evolution of the normal person. In the same manner, the article will bring into attention the current legislation of Romania in accordance with this subject, the methods used for prevention and tackling with the phenomenon of illegal substances and the support brought by the dispositions applied at the European Union level. At the end, a series of conclusions will have the main goals of correlating the Romanian legislation with the European one and to shed light upon the methods offered by the educational system in order to stop the accelerated spread of this vice between the students and the sanctions applied.

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RAZLIKOVANJE PREDIKTORA RAZLIČITIH STADIJA KORIŠTENJA MARIHUANE

Author(s): Tea Vučina / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Mechanisms that influence the formation of stages in the use of addictive substances are not sufficiently explained yet. Aim: This research tries to clarify which factors have a role of predictors for transition on certain cannabis use stages. Multistage social learning model have been used as theoretical base. Material and methods: This research includes 834 students of third and fourth grade of secondary schools in Mostar. The sample is stratified concerning religious orientation, type of school and age. Battery tests have been formed for the needs of this research, predictor variables are expressed by shorter scales, and use of cannabis by adapted scale from the research “Monitoring the Future”. Results: By implementation of stepwise discriminant analysis it is confirmed that predictors for transition from one cannabis use stage to the other are different. Predictors for transition from abstinence to experimental consummation are: peer pressure for cannabis use, cannabis used by friends and unjustified absences. Predictors for transition from experimental to recreational use are: friends who use cannabis, commitment to school and planning of the activities. Friends who use cannabis and self-control are predictors for transition from recreational use to abuse. Conclusion: Distinction in factors, which best discriminate different cannabis use stages, has been confirmed. Findings concerning the distinction of predictors for recreational consummation and cannabis abuse are preliminary and further model development is possible.

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The Analysis of the Adverse Effects of Medication - A New Approach in Cardiovascular Diseases

Author(s): Georgeta Stoica-Marcu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

By centralizing the data from the presentation leaflets of a number of 83 drugs specific to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a database with side effects and frequency of occurrence was ensured. Their association with a number of 20 medical conditions / disorders and summary of medical tests affected by these adverse effects could have led to questions about the characteristics of these active substances individually as well as those of the group / class of drugs to which it belongs. At the end, it was possible to graphically determine the adverse effect according to the package leaflet published by the manufacturer, individually or by the group / classes of medication and with the possibility of combining them in case of using several drugs. Knowing these medication-related side effects may lead to a new approach to preventing and improving the symptoms of the disease as well as the side effects of medication from cardiovascular disease.

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BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 235, god. XVI, Beograd, utorak, 21. septembar 2021.

Author(s): Aleksandar Todosijević,Vladan Jeremić,Aleksandra Sekulić,Porsha Olayiwola,Branko Milisković / Language(s): Serbian

MIKSER, Aleksandar Todosijević: Ko se plaši istorije?; ŠTRAFTA, Vladan Jeremić: Antinomije autonomije; ARMATURA, Aleksandra Sekulić: Avganistan Kensington; ZID, Branko Milisković: Transfiguracija; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Porša Olajviola: Da moji roditelji nisu razdvojeni

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Effects of Smoking on Cardiovascular and Respiratory System

Author(s): Tatiana Kimáková,Boshra Nasser,Marwan Issa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Smoking represents the most prominent preventable reason of mortality around the world. Tobacco use leads to adverse health, economic and social effects. It is considered to be a serious public health problem and it is the most important preventable risk factor especially for cancer, respiratory, cardiovascular and other diseases. Smoking also harms the intrauterine development of the fetus, causing a lower birth weight. Cigarette smoke can also be one of the serious causes of reduced fertility pair. Health effects of passive smoking are also important, but in this case, innocent victims suffer. The legal standards on this issue are very extensive and diverse. In this paper, we present effects of smoking on cardiovascular system and respiratory system.

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Smoking Addiction and Interventions for Smoking Cessation

Author(s): Tatiana Kimáková,Marwan Issa,Boshra Nasser / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Smoking can cause various diseases such as cancer, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and other specific outcomes. Many of those diseases can be prevented by avoiding the exposure of both active and passive smoking. The factors that influence people to initiate smoking can be due to personality factors, family and culture, gender, environmental influences and the ease of obtaining cigarettes. Smoking cessation and allowing tobacco use only in special areas can prevent its’ health risks. Analyzing and monitoring the preventions and warnings of consequences of smoking can provide new useful knowledge to the research of issue. In this paper, we present components of tobacco smoke, nicotine and smoking addiction, risk factors of initiation of smoking during adolescence and interventions for smoking cessation and prevention.

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VOLNOČASOVÉ AKTIVITY JAKO PREVENTIVNÍ FAKTOR PROBLÉMOVÉHO CHOVÁNÍ

Author(s): Věra Vojtová,Jiří Martinec / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The chapter deals with the relationship between leisure time activities and forms of behavioural problems in children and adolescents. The research uses a method of questionnaire survey on the selected sample of the population to find a possible relationship between leisure time activities and behavioural problems. The questionnaire items were focused on the information how respondents spend their leisure time (passive or active participation), how often they use electronic devices (phones, computer, etc.), coordination of leisure time activities by respondents’ parents, use of social networks to communicate and signs of behavioural problems (school discipline, truancy, legislatively restricted substances - cigarettes, alcohol, drugs).

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Epidemiologický pohľad na intoxikácie u detí v Slovenskej republike

Author(s): Mária Dubovská,Tatiana Kimáková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Acute poisoning (intoxication) is a state caused by a poisonous substance. This substance enters into the body and can cause organ damage or the death of an individual. Negative effects of smoking, alcohol, drugs and pharmaceutics on the human body should be a challenge for rigorous enforcement of prevention activities across the community. The most important is to avoid the health threat of the most risky groups of children and young people.

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Dostupnosť alkoholu a požívanie alkoholu na pracovisku

Author(s): Stanislava Kozelová,Iveta Jeleňová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Work under the influence of alcohol is a serious problem. Alcohol consumption leads to reduced quality of performance, because it negatively affects perception, coordination, communication and cognitive processes. The paper is focused on identifying of attitudes and practices regarding the use of alcohol in the workplace. A asample of 145 employees completed self-reported questionnaire focused on attitudes towards alcohol consumption at work as well as drinking with colleagues after work, on the availability of alcohol in the workplace, the existence of rules governing the use of alcohol in the workplace and drinking at work too. Nearly three fifths (57.2 %) of respondents reported that their organization sometimes provides alcohol to employees. A quarter of respondents (24.2 %) admitted that last year more than once they drank alcohol in the workplace. It is needed a clear policy in organization in relation to alcohol in the workplace and at the same time, not to create conditions for the occurrence of this negative phenomenon.

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Taliban Firmly in Control of Afghanistan Two Years After Takeover

Author(s): Patryk Kugiel / Language(s): English

Two years after taking control of Afghanistan, the Taliban have consolidated power and are improving the country’s security and economic situation. These positive changes are taking place at the expense of women’s rights and the activities of international organisations, which are both severely restricted, and the exclusion of ethnic minorities from participation in governing the state. Despite the intransigence of the Taliban, the lack of a political alternative will encourage the West to increase cooperation with the government to pursue common interests, such as the fight against terrorism and drug trafficking, but without formal recognition of the regime.

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