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ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AREA OF RESIDENCE AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

Author(s): Irina Iuliana Costache,Egidia Miftode,Ovidiu PETRIS,,Alina Delia POPA,Dan Iliescu,Eosefina Gina Botnariu / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2015

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in many developing countries. The most preventable form of CVD is coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study aimed to identify cardiovascular risk factors and correlation with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 364 patients from a rural community in Romania. There were assessed the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We used descriptive statistic method to calculate the average and standard deviation of assessed parameters. The data were processed by using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov (K-S) test. Risk scores were calculated by using the University of Edinburgh Risk Calculator. The mean value of systolic blood pressure was 130.9 mmHg, total cholesterol of 3.38 mmol/l, and HDLc 1.33 mmol/l. The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) was significantly higher in urban than in rural (8.03% vs 6.6%). The risk of myocardial infarction (MI) was higher in urban than in rural, too (4.5% vs 2.8%). The risk for cardiovascular disease was significantly higher in urban than in rural (19.4% vs 12.9%). There was no significant risk of stroke, coronary heart disease or death due to cardiovascular disease in urban or rural. Further studies will establish the main mechanism of linkage between and tightly correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.

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Hastanelere Geri Ödemede Sağlık Uygulama Tebliği İle Teşhis İlişkili Grupların Karşılaştırması: Kolesistektomi Vakası Örneği

Author(s): Umut Beylik,Ali Yılmaz,Nesrin Akca / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2015

Cholecystectomy considering the Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) relative value of the Health Application Notification (HAN) package points the case, through a virtual global budget will be determined by the HAN and take reimbursement rates was conducted by comparing the assessments and make suggestions. This is a teaching and research hospital in the context of all of the 2013 cases of cholecystectomy Ministry of Health study. The cases were investigated and compared in terms of the HAN and DRG reimbursementrates, has also been demonstrated in the demographic findings. The incidence of cholecystectomy is more prevalent women and over 50 age, where the case was discharged with a large proportion of which vary according to the process of healing and duration of hospitalization were identified. HAN reimbursement the price in terms of higher prices, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed, the cholecystectomies performed with open surgery in terms of DRG were found to be at a higher prices. In the case of transactions specified points with HAN do not reflect the severity and cost characteristics, while the DRG relative value has been assessed more fair and equitable reimbursement can be used as a tool.

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Komórki macierzyste. Część III – komórki macierzyste organizmów dorosłych

Author(s): Damian Bauer,Jacek Neska,Karolina Archacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2013

Most of the stem cells residing in adult organisms are unipotent or multipotent. These cells play the key role in the growth and regeneration of tissues. In the present article we characterized selected types of adult stem cells, inter alia hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Next, information about current and potential use of adult stem cells in science and medicine has been discussed. Finally, we summarized information about adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells that have been described in the previous article.

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Kontrowersje wokół opieki państwa nad chorym na Alzheimera = opis przykładu

Author(s): Ewa Zieliński,Agata Bornikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2016

It is estimated that there are 36 million people with dementia in the world and in 2050 this number will double. The number of patients with Alzheimer’s Poles is estimated at about 200‒250 thousand. 150 thousands have no primary diagnosis. With the ageing of the Polish society the number of sufferers is likely to grow. The disease usually develops after the age of 65. Incidence of the disease increases with age. Symptoms of the disease are: memory disorders, sudden mood changes, cognitive and behavior disorders.. Is it irreversible changes in the brain – for people with Alzheimer’s cerebral cortex fades, because the neurons build up amyloid. Although the situation of the people affected by this disease in Poland recently somewhat improved: faster diagnosis and access to modern drugs for which to get the patient, Poland is still not ready for adequate action which involves an increase in morbidity. Many institutions do not fulfill their tasks in terms of aid to the sick and their families. It lacks effective system solutions. Patients in general are deprived of the possibility of using, for example, living houses. In practice, in general it’s hard to talk about any kind of institutional support for people with Alzheimer’s disease. A major problem is the lack of systems and standards of care, lack of support for families and carers. With Alzheimer’s patients in Poland can do it all.

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Molekularny Dr Jekyll i Mr Hyde

Author(s): Kamil Lisiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Prion proteins are as yet very poorly known family of proteins. However, their unique characteristics make them, since their discovery (which was rewarded with the Nobel Prize) intensively investigated object. In addition, a surprising nature of prion proteins – proteins with two faces – makes them an extremely interesting biological curiosity.

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Siarka i jej związki jako źródła pierwiastka budulcowego dla bakterii

Author(s): Agnieszka Osówniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Sulfur is one of the chemical elements, which is necessary for living organisms. In this work, not only the physical and chemical properties of the element, but also biogenic chemical compounds containing sulfur were described. Next, the role of non-organic (sulfides, sulfates, and tiosulfates) and organic (cysteine and metionine) compounds containing sulfur was characterized. A biosynthesis of L-metionine, L-cysteine, enzymes containing iron-sulfur clusters, biotin, tiamine, liponic acid, coenzyme A, molybdopterin, and S-adenosylmethionine. Finally, the role of bacteria in the sulfur circulation was described.

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Komórki macierzyste Część I – wprowadzenie

Author(s): Karolina Archacka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Stem cells are unique among other cells building organism as they are able both to self-renew and to differentiate into specialized cells. For this reason they play pivotal role during embryonic and fetal development as well as in the growing organisms. In adults stem cells play crucial role in tissue regeneration. Stem cells are classified in terms of their origin (embryonic, fetal, and adult stem cells) or regarding their potential for differentiation into various types of cells (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent stem cells). The article presents general information about stem cells and serves as an introduction to the next two publications describing pluripotent and adult stem cells, respectively.

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W komórkowej orkiestrze – o temacie muzycznym (sno)RNA

Author(s): Ewa Sitarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Among a rising number of different kinds of RNA molecules the best known are mRNA, tRNA and rRNA. Small non-coding RNA molecules (snRNA. miRNA, siRNA) and in particular small nucleolar RNA molecules (snoRNA) have emerged as important classes of molecules in various processes. Research from recent years enables us to have a better understanding of various functions and interactions within an enormous amount of RNA molecules. Small nucleolar RNA molecules form complexes with proteins and mostly in the form of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins participate in chemical modification (2’-O-methylation, pseudouridylation) of rRNA and sn- RNA nucleotides. Based on the presence of short conserved sequence motifs two major classes of snoRNAs may be described: C/D and H/ACA snoRNA, whose complexes are characterized by different structures and functions. An overview of specific and precise RNA interactions, in particular of snoRNA, will enable us to understand its crucial role for the cell function.

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Nefron

Author(s): Przemysław Woźniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2013

Podocytes play an important role in glomerular function. Together with endothelial cells of the glomerular capillary loop and the glomerular basement membrane they form a filtration barrier. Podocytes cooperate with mesangial cells to support the structure and function of the glomerulus. Podocytes injury is observed in primary glomerulonephritis associated with proteinuria. Structural and functional analysis of nephron is an essential part of research in renal diseases.

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QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER USING OF PLATELET RICH FIBRIN (PRF) IN PATIENTS WITH ALVEOLOPLASTIC EXTRACTION

Author(s): Mihaela Dimofte,Joseph Choukroun,Mihaela MOSCALU,Eugenia Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 55/2016

The social impact and the patients’ quality of life, in regard with their oral health status, show important alterations during the immediately post-surgery period, after alveoloplastic extractions. Alveoloplastic extraction is a usual surgical dental-alveolar procedure. Depending on the number of extracted teeth, their location, duration of procedure, or difficulty, the following post-surgery symptoms may occur: pain at various intensities, insomnia, local swelling, difficulty eating, speaking, symptoms that are affecting the patient’s life more intensely in the first three days after surgery. The study aims to evaluate the effects of PRF in the healing of post extraction wounds in the case of alveoloplastic extractions, by reducing the patient’s pain and discomfort in the immediate postoperative period, until the removal of suture threads. Oral diseases and disorders can affect the individuals’ physical and psycho-social state, thus leading to a negative perception of the oral health, which is susceptible to deteriorate the patients’ general quality of life (QoL). Study results showed that the use of PRF for rapid wound healing after alveoloplastic extraction can be beneficial in improving the quality of life of individuals.

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IMPACT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES ON QUALITY OF LIFE

Author(s): Otilia Gavrilescu,Catalina Mihai,Dana Teodora Anton - Paduraru,Ştefana Maria Moisa,Anamaria CIUBARA,Cristina CIJEVSCHI-PRELIPCEAN / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2015

This study aims to assess the impact of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) on the patients’ quality of life (QoL) and to identify the significant changes in QoL depending on the developmental particularities of IBD and the epidemiological parameters. A prospective study was conducted over a period of 36 months (October 2011 – October 2014) at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iai. The study was conducted on 254 patients diagnosed with IBD, 187 patients with UC and 67 patients with CD. The quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire IBDQ- 32 (Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire), which is one of the most widely used questionnaires in QoL assessment. The total IBDQ score was slightly more reduced in the patients with UC compared to the patients with CD. Of the 4 subscales of the IBDQ score, the scores highlighting the emotional and social component were significantly more reduced in the patients with UC, while the scores for the bowel symptoms were significantly more reduced in the patients with CD. In both the patients with UC and with CD, the correlations between the UCDAI, respectively CDAI score and the IBDQ score were indirect, highlighting reduced values of IBDQ in patients with a severe activity of the disease. The severe flare of the disease had a negative impact on the patients’ QoL.

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THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE AND BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF WOMEN’S URINARY INCONTINENCE

Author(s): Ecaterina Dalas,Mircea ONOFRIESCU,Mihaela MOSCALU,Mihaela Trnovanu,Dragos Nemescu / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2015

Urinary incontinence is a major cause of morbidity and invalidism which influences the quality of life and affects women of all ages. Therefore, this represents a social or hygiene problem and can be objectively demonstrated. In this context, urinary incontinence can be considered a public health problem, as it causes a significant decrease in the quality of life and affects the patient’s life socially, psychologically, occupationally, physically and sexually. The study addressed these women’s quality of life, so that the result of the analysis would be an optimal collaboration with the patients in order to find the best possible diagnosis and treatment methods. As it is not a life-threatening condition, but rather a personal and social hygiene problem, the necessity of a treatment was perceived differently depending not only on the level of education, but on the degree of social and professional integration, too.

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CHRONIC DISEASES – MEDICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

Author(s): Mihai Roca,Ovidiu Mitu,Iulia-Cristina Roca,Florin Mitu / Language(s): English Issue: 49/2015

Chronic diseases result in an enormous burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide, projected to continuously increase over the next decades. Cardiovascular diseases, followed by cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus, represent the main causes of death caused by chronic conditions. The majority of chronic diseases are multifactor disorders, the main etiological role being played by various behavioral or environmental risk factors. Social factors such as education, employment status, income, familial and social stress have also a major role in determining chronic diseases, both directly and indirectly, by increasing the susceptibility to behavioral risk factors. Chronic pathology results in chronic symptoms which dramatically impairs the patient quality of life and working capacity, also resulting in a significant social and economic burden. Social problems develop with the progressive exercise capacity alteration, resulting in limited mobility, home-bounding, self-care disability and bed-bounding, the ultimate consequences being social isolation, family conflicts and even stigma. Chronic diseases prevention focuses on behavioral risk modifying, mainly implying specific social interventions, as long as most behavioral risk factors are represented by socially mediated activities. Considering the magnitude of the problems currently determined by chronic diseases, a coherent strategy for the management of these conditions, should be a high priority at both levels of society and health care systems. This strategy must provide an efficient risk control, the optimal medical care for the patient, by applying a holistic patient–centered approach, and specific social assistance.

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PROTOKOL ZA DIJAGNOZU I TERAPIJU ORALNE LEUKOPLAKIJE I ERITROPLAKIJE

Author(s): Faruk Arifhodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

Detailed information about oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia has the aim to improve the knowledge and establish the unique protocol for diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Background: The oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia are two different disorders belonging to precancerous lesions of oral mucosa. Leukoplakiaand erythroplakia have different potential to malignant transformation.Both diseases posses different stage of dysplasia. Method: In this article we are presenting our own clinical views of our own patients with these diseases, as well as the recent literature data. Results and Discussion: The oral leukoplakia is a disease which rarely occurs before the age of 30. However, in some Asians countries with typical cultural habits, this disease can occur much earlier. On the otherh and, the oral erythroplakia, occurs later in life. Both diseases belong to the group of precancerous lesions, although this is much more manifested in erythroplakia. For diagnosis of these diseases the detailed clinical history and clinical findings as well as diff erential diagnosis are very important. However, the treatment and the survival prognosis are highly dependant on the type of pathohistological finding. In this article we also include the current protocol for diagnosis and treatment and the importance of an early diagnosis. Conclusion: In daily practice a dentist can make a major contribution to overall treatment of this diseases.

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PROTOKOL U DIJAGNOZI ORALNOG LIHEN PLANUSA (OLP) I ORALNE LIHENOIDNE REAKCIJE (OLR)

Author(s): Ana Cekić-Arambašin / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

To provide guidelines for differentiation between oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reaction (OLR) based on medical history, clinical presentation(s) and histology. OLP and OLR are both precancerous that should be treatedaccordingly. Background: Etiology of OLP is unclear. Predisposing factors can be classified as systemic and local. Systemic factors are: genetics, stress, metabolic disorders (diabetes mellitus), hypertension, liver disease and drugs. Local factorsare oral microorganisms, galvanism, mechanical and chemical injury to oralmucosa. Systemic factors may create suitable environment for local factors that further lead to immunological disorder in the oral mucosa. Etiology of OLR is related to drugs, dental restorative materials and dentobacterial plaque. Methods:Limited number of references related to epidemiology, etiology, histology and histochemistry, clinical presentation, diff erential diagnosis and treatment will be presented along with proper clinical experience. Discussion: Critical analysis of literature and proper experience was used to provide guidelines for the treatment of OLP and OLR to primary dental practitioners, other dental specialties and general medical practitioners. Conclusion: Differential workup of OLP and OLR should take into account following aspects: local and systemic predisposing factors,clinical distribution of lesions (unilateral vs. bilateral, solitary vs. diff use),histology (epithelial atrophy and “saw-like” pattern are features of OLP whileepithelial hyperkeratosis, inflammatory infiltrate in connective tissue, increased number of degranulated mastocytes and their ratio, increased number of blood vessels and increased levels of TNF-alpha are features of OLR). Literature suggests that OLR has higher risk for malignant transformation compared to OLP .Diagnostic and therapeutic protocol is presented in fi gures 1 and 2.

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ULOGA HUMANIH PAPILOMA VIRUSA U OROFARINGEALNIM KARCINOMIMA

Author(s): Vanja Vučićević Boras / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

The human papilloma viruses (HPV) have been confirmed as a cofactorin the development of oropharyngeal carcinoma, however their role remains controversial in the development of oral cancer. There is an increasing number of patients with HNSCC who are HPV positive. HPV 16 is usually present within these cancers, although sporadically other HPVs (18, 31, 33, 45, 6, 11) have been detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues.Oral-genital and oro-anal sexual practice is found to be associated with these cancers. Methods: Literature search was undertaken in order to find out novelties regarding HPV and HNSCC in the last three years and 22 articles were included. Results: Diagnosis of the HPV-associated HNSCC is based on the histopathology and molecular techniques (i.e. detection of p16INK4A). So far, conventional surgical treatment and radiotherapy are therapeutic possibilities, although lately de-intensification radiotherapy (reduced radiation doses), chemotherapy and trans-oral robotic surgery are under evaluation. Role of HPV vaccine is still matter of debate in the prevention of HNSCC cancers, although it seems promising in both women and men. Conclusion: Role of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer is well established, however, it seems that HPV have a minor role in solely oral cancer. Diagnostic algorithms still rely on histopathology and molecular techniques. It seems that HPV vaccine should be administered to both women and men. More overas not much progress in the past decades has been made regarding therapeutic possibilities in these patients. Last but not least HNSCC HPV positive have better prognosis when compared to the HNSCC which are HPV negative.

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SUVREMENI PRISTUP U PATOHISTOLOŠKOJ DIJAGNOSTICI MALIGNIH TUMORA

Author(s): Edina Lazović Salčin,Svjetlana Radović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

To present modern methodology of histopathological diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Histopathological screening of tissue samples is a standardized procedure that includes macroscopic and microscopic examination of biopsy specimens and applies to oral mucosal lesions. Final diagnosis, for the largest number of neoplasias is based on the morphology of tissue samples stained by standard hematoxylin-eosin (HE), a method still essential for pathohistological diagnosis. Methods: In cases where the nature of the tumor is unclear, conventional morphological analysis is supplemented by other techniques such as histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and more recently with molecular methods. Molecular diagnostics are increasingly becoming an integral part of clinical practice. IHC and molecular-genetic methods are additional methods which are an integral and independent, but not crucial part ofthe procedure of providing a final histopathological diagnosis. Results: In recent years, details about cancer in histopathological reports increased exponentially. In addition to the histological origin and spread of the tumor, other important information reported includes metastasis, proliferation and, for some types of malignancies, predictive features. The role of the pathologist has changed in the past two decades. Modern day pathologists set pre-operative diagnoses (based on biopsy, cytology), perform intraoperative evaluation of tumors (ex tempore biopsy,status of resection margins, the appearance of nodal and distant metastases)and determine the postoperative tumor stage, parameters of metastatic potential and genetic characteristics of the tumor (prognostic and predictive parameters). Conclusion: The final diagnosis of a tumor is given after extensive microscopic examination of biopsy specimens. Morphological examination of tissue samples, prepared by a standard HE method is still the golden standard for histopathological diagnosis. IHC and molecular methods have become an integral part of final histopathological diagnosis.

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RADIOLOŠKA DIJAGNOSTIKA TUMORA GLAVE I VRATA

Author(s): Lidija Lincender-Cvijetić,Sandra Vegar Zubović,Dunja Vrcić,Spomenka Kristić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

This work aims at determining the place and role of radiologic imaging in diagnostics, and the selection of location and method of head and neck tumor treatment. Background: Malignant head and neck tumors are squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, palatine tonsils, tongue, and the floor of the mouth under the tongue. Tumors of the salivary glands, jaws, nose, paranasal sinuses and ear are somewhat less common. They are mostly manifested in the form of asymptomatic formations, ulcers or mucosal changes (leukoplakia, erythroplakia). Additional symptoms depend on the location and expansion of tumors. Methods: In tumor expansion, and with a view of determining tumor stage, all available radiology diagnostic methods are used. In addition to clinical records and laboratory findings, nowadays frequently used are imaging methods such as MRI in tumor diagnostics and staging, MSCT for morphological analysis, and PET/ CT, which along with morphological aspects also provide functional data. Discussion: Along with the previously used conventional x-ray methods, diagnostic algorithm has changed with the appearance of contemporary imaging modalities. The most frequently used methodology is the MRI, which does not use ionizing radiation and has a high space resolution. It facilitates tumor diff erentiation thanks to tissue characterization and tumor staging. Besides the MRI and its modalities such as the Whole Body MRI, diff use sequences, MR angiography and spectroscopy, PET/CT is frequently used for molecular imaging in oncology as a constituent part of integral approach in the staging of the basic malignant illness, providing excellent diagnostic results. The functional contribution of the 18FDG PET/CT is higher than of other imaging methods. However, this technique uses ionizing radiation and has limitations in spatial and contrast image resolution, with already known false positive and false negative results. Conclusion: Based on the above said, in adopting protocols for diagnosing patients with advanced head and neck tumors, the MRI methodology, especially the Whole Body with diff use sequence, may be complementary with the 18FDG-PET/CT.

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ULOGA STOMATOLOGA U DETEKCIJI ORALNIH MALIGNOMA

Author(s): Naida Hadžiabdić,Halid Sulejmanagić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

Background: The attention of the world scientific community in the field of cancer diseases is being recently captured by the problem of oral malignancies especially oral cancer. Since, early diagnosis plays an important role in oral cancer prognosis, knowledge of the clinical signs and oral manifestations from the general dentist standpoint are very important. Aim: In this review the authors have set themselves the goal to processed the topic of oral cancer and its early recognition in terms of the general dentist practicioner. Methods: This paper addresses the following sections: risk factors for oral cancer, potentially malignant lesions orprecancerosis, the most common oral tumors and their signs and symptoms in the early stages, oral screening in the prevention of oral cancer, the importance of biopsy in confirming the suspicion of oral cancer, the identification of problems in early diagnosis of oral cancer. The authors also describe some of their own experiences in the field of oral malignancies. Conclusion: The role of the general dentist in the early detection of oral cancer and other malignant diseases of the oral cavity is an invaluable and of vital importance.

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NEUROVASKULARNI INFRAHIOIDNI REŽANJ ZA VOLJNU KONTRAKCIJU JEZIKA

Author(s): Tarik Mašić,Ivor Lincender / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

Introduction: surgical treatment of oral cancer and its organs may lead to extended functional failures, depending of the location and size of the incurred postoperative defect. During total and subtotal glossectomy, and even after sophisticated plastic and reconstructive interventions, swallowing disorders may occur. The use of neurovascular infrahyoid flap significantly improves the reconstruction quality of the oropharingal cavity and tongue defects, which as the most dominant organ fills out the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to show the application of infrahyoid flap modification in primary reconstruction of the tongue defects,basal oral cavity, and supraglottic space, achieving satisfying functional results.Materials and methods: the study included ten patients and was conducted in the period from October 2013 to March 2015. Seven cases related to squamous cell carcinoma on the side of the tongue with propagation towards the tongue root and oral cavity basis, whereas three cases related to the confirmed tongue root carcinoma with propagation towards epiglottis and lateral pharyngeal wall. All patients underwent identical preoperative and operative protocol which implied excision of tumors, ipsilateral radical dissection, contralateral supraomohyoidneck dissection, and primary reconstruction of the defect by infrahyoid neuromyocutaneousfl ap. Vascularisation of the flap was made by the microvascularend to end anastomosis of the upper thyroid vein on the ipsilateral side with the upper thyroid vein on the contralateral side. Discussion and conclusion: the willing flap innervations using an anse cervicalis enables adequate phonation and swallowing, and prevents scarring and atrophies of the reconstructed tongue.

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