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ГОРОД-САД: АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНАЯ КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГОРОДСКОЙ СРЕДЫ

Author(s): Ekaterina Sergeevna Kotova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The article examines the development of the urban concept of "Garden-cities" created by E. Howard, and the reflection of this concept in the Russian architectural projects. The author attempts to reflect the conversion of the "garden-city" concept from the specific characteristics of urban development projects to the metaphor or the title. On the example of the transformation of Omsk in the "garden-city" the author reveals the relationship of the propaganda of "green building" with the landscape gardening management.

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The Contribution of Josip Bakić’s Research to the Study of Wild Edible Plants of the Adriatic Coast: a Military Project with Ethnobiological and Anthropological Implications

Author(s): Marija Jug-Dujaković,ŁUKASZ ŁUCZAJ / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Between 1962-1986 the Yugoslav Army carried out a project in which Josip Bakić from the Institute for Naval Medicine of the Yugoslav Navy in Split took the main professional role. In the project, amongst other activities, Bakić and his team explored the possibility of soldiers’ survival on the Adriatic islands based on wild plants and marine animals. As a part of this project, wild food plants and animals from the coast that had been used by the population during World War I and II were surveyed. Some phytochemical properties of the plants were also studied. Education of soldiers and the wider public was provided based on the results of the research and experiments. The project is a unique example of combining a scientific study with a practical military experiment. Apart from scientific papers the results were also popularized as a survival handbook, a book about nutrition from nature, film documentaries, and workshops. In this paper we summarize the achievements of this project based on the review of published data and interviews with Josip Bakić.

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Samoubistva u Srbiji: najzastupljeniji načini izvršenja

Author(s): Goran D. Penev,Biljana B. Stanković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2017

The method of suicide is an important determinant of the outcome of suicidal behavior, and the reduction of the availability of the most frequently used methods has significant preventive potential. This paper analyzes the dynamics of the total number of suicides in Serbia according to method used in the period of 1990-2014, with an emphasis on structural differences by sex and age. The relative participation of certain age groups in the most commonly used suicide methods is indicated based on the calculated values of the relative risk referred to as the age ratio of method of suicide (ARMS). The analysis is based on the data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, mostly unpublished. The results of the analysis show that in Serbia, in the period of 1990-2014, hanging was the most commonly used suicide method (61%). The next in number, but with a significantly smaller share, were suicides by a firearm (13%) and poisoning (8%).The biggest changes were registered with regard to the increase in firearm suicides, which was clearly connected to the beginning of the wars in former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, but continued during the 2000s. Among men, the three above-mentioned methods were higher (85%), while the most prevalent methods among women were hanging (59%), poisoning (16%) and drowning (8%). Observed by age, the elderly (60+) are the most numerous, regardless of suicide method. The existing differences all relate to the share of certain age groups in the number of suicides by a particular method. There was a significant difference in the relative participation of large age groups in certain methods of suicide. The changes in this respect have been in the direction of reducing existing differences. The presented results may be useful to researchers and professionals of various profiles dealing with the phenomenon of suicide, as well as policy makers in the planning of measures and actions for suicide prevention.

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Рађање ван брака: неки просторни аспекти

Author(s): Biljana B. Stanković,Goran D. Penev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2012

There is a tendency of increase in non-marital childbearing in all European countries during the past several decades. The intensity of the increase, as well as initial level of extra-marital fertility was different, so in actual moment, similar to previous decades, there are great differences among countries. The share of extramarital births is ranking from 7.3% in Greece to 64.3% in Iceland. Serbia (excluding Kosovo) with a share 24.0% is ranked among countries with a lower percentage of extramarital births. Except for the differences on the national level, there are also differences on the level of European regions and smaller territorial units. In Serbia there are two clearly distinguished zones, too - a high share extramarital births zone in the eastern Serbia and low or moderate extramarital births zone in western part of the Central Serbia. Differences on municipality level are considerable also, and in 2011 the highest recorded share (65.9% in Kostolac) was thirteen times higher than the lowest share (5.2% in Ivanjica). Spatial specifities of non-marital fertility by certain characteristics may indicate possible implications for family policy.

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THE OTAVALEÑOS OF ECUADOR

Author(s): Jerome WINDMEYER / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/1999

Since their appearance at the end of the 1980s the Indian music groups have become a familiar sight in the streets of many European cities. Dressed in a poncho, white trousers, sandals, a hat and their long hair in a pony-tail these mainly young boys attract the attention of the shopping public. In Holland the music they play forms a welcome alternative to the street organ that traditionally occupies the shopping streets. Next to playing music these Indian youngsters also sell textile products from the Andes and music cassettes and cd’s. These music groups come mostly from Ecuador, to be more precise from a certain region of Ecuador of which the centre is formed by the little town of Otavalo. The Indians1 – or indígenas – of this region are generally known as the Otavaleños.

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My City, My ‘Hood, My Street: Ghetto Spaces in American Hip-Hop Music

Author(s): Lidia Kniaź / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

As a subculture created by black and Latino men and women in the late 1970s in the United States, hip-hop from the very beginning was closely related to urban environment. Undoubtedly, space has various functions in hip-hop music, among which its potential to express the group identity seems to be of the utmost importance. The goal of this paper is to examine selected rap lyrics which are rooted in the urban landscape: “N.Y. State of Mind” by Nas, “H.O.O.D” by Masta Ace, and “Street Struck,” in order to elaborate on the significance of space in hip-hop music. Interestingly, spaces such as the city as a whole, a neighborhood, and a particular street or even block which are referred to in the rap lyrics mentioned above express one and the same broader category of urban environment, thus, words connected to urban spaces are often employed interchangeably.

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Perception of persons with ataxia

Author(s): Luba Jakubowska,Magdalena Kazimierska-Zając,Joanna Rosińczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Aim. The aim of the paper is to present the reasons of the forming of erroneous, unfavourable perception of persons with spinocerebellar ataxia. Concept. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of degenerative disorders leading to damage of the cerebellum and its connections (Klockgether, & Paulson, 2011). The following are distinguished among the neurological speech difficulties present in persons with SCA: dysphagia (difficulties with swallowing leading to problems witheating), speech disorders, and mental disorders. Each of these groups of disorders maylead to the stigmatisation of persons with SCA. Such persons might be seen as sloppyand helpless, and the specifie city of speech impairments and uncoordinated movements as well as their irregular gait may cause these persons to be perceived as inebriated. Such presumptions lead to difficulties in social functioning and may be the cause of discrimination, including the denial of help. Conclusion: What is helpful in combating prejudice is, first and foremost, the dissemination of knowledge about the condition, including launching social campaigns presenting the labelled symptoms of SCA. What is more, work with the patient ought to be focused on the development of coping strategies in the social environment rather than exclusively alleviating physical difficulties.

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Градското земеделие – значение на храната за изграждането на социални взаимоотношения

Author(s): Albena Nakova-Manolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The article analyses the relations between man and food in terms of how the production of food in the process of practicing urban agriculture transforms into a process of building social relations – intensification of the interaction and communication between people, creating trust and mutual aid between them and establishing social communities in an urban environment. The data here presented are results of sociological research (in-depth interviews and focus groups) conducted within the project “Urban Agricultural as a Strategy for Improving the Quality of Life of theUrban Communities” funded by the National Science Fund of Bulgaria. The data refers to practices of urban agriculture on the territory of the Sofia Municipality. The emphasis in the article is placed on one of the widespread practices in the Bulgarian capital – communal/shared public gardens.

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Pisarz, celebryta, influencer? Szczepana Twardocha droga do sławy

Author(s): Anna Michalik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

This paper is an attempt to trace how Szczepan Twardoch, one of the most popular contemporary Polish writers, has become a celebrity. The author will discuss the beginnings of his literary path, as well as how consciously he builds his own brand composed of popular books, a recognizable image and speaking on important social and political topics. The author's actions will be analyzed in context of how he professionalizes his image and to build s popularity, which results in calling the writer a celebrity. In addition, the hypothesis of this text is the statement, that Szczepan Twardoch's attitude is not limited solely to the role of a celebrity-writer. It is much wider, and owing to his conscious activities in the field of building and managing his own image, this creator deserves to be called an ‘influencer’– who introduces changes in the writer's ethos, followed by the entire industry.

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Gwiazdy poezji? Popularność instapoetek i pokrewne zjawiska – próba rekonesansu

Author(s): Marta Stusek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

The article discusses the popularity of instapoets and related phenomena. The author studies the problems regarding the critical reception of the work of poets active on social media, reconstructing the arguments of various sides of the literary critics’ dispute. In the first part of the work the essence of the phenomenon and the resulting controversies are explained. In the second part of the analysis, other cases of the popularity of poets on the Internet are subjected to analysis. The article combines a critical literary approach with the sociology of literature. The research material is published in recent years by the volumes of contemporary poets related to the Internet, their non-literary and about literary activity, as well as critical texts on the subject.

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Smutek instagramowych celebrytów

Author(s): Agata Iżykowska-Uszczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

The article focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of the Sad Boy Theory that developed in 2017 on the Instagram website. The author points out the sources of this concept, by introducing Audrey Wollen and discussing the theoretical assumptions of her concept – Sad Girl Theory. The Author indicates how melancholy affected the image of women and men over the years. Then introducing the category of aesthetics of sadness, the author analyses the figure of Łukasz Ronduda – the originator and the only artist who uses the concept of Audrey Wollen in Polish contemporary art. The key question in this text refers to the reflection on the way masculinity is represented in contemporary selfie culture.

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Drzwi otwarte i życiowa szansa: kreowanie gastrocelebrytów w programie MasterChief Polska

Author(s): Agata Bachórz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

The paper focuses on celebrity chefs in Poland as a relatively new phenomenon. In the first part of the paper a synthetic review of the discussion about celebrity chefs in global foodscapes is given. In the second part an analysis of Polish version of cookery show MasterChef is presented. The program is interpreted as a carrier for the meanings about the formation of a new gastronomic field in Poland with celebrities of different scale as key actors. The show’s imitative character as well as its detachment from rather conservative eating habits of the majority of Poles is underlined. Polish MasterChef presents culinary capital as seemingly accessible to everyone, recruits smaller-scale food celebrities and stimulates a development of a new food culture connected to a global gastronomic field. This process is a part of larger lifestyle modernization in Poland: the show positively interprets biographical and cultural change, defines the relationship between passion and work, and promotes the specific idea of life success.

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Shimei-ryo i czułość za pieniądze. Czy można to wykorzystać w grach? Potencjał dla gier?

Author(s): Katarzyna Skok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

Shimei-ryo is a paid service offering a choice to pick a girl to sleep with (it is about sleeping side by side, not a sexual activity). In the current work the term is referred to a paradox in which (1) non-sexual behavior related to physical intimacy between two or more people is present and (2) means leading to this behavior (paying) exclude authentic intimacy. The present article is an attempt to interpret the phenomenon. In the first part shimei-ryo is analyzed in the context of ludus. Customer motivations and psychological aspects of snuggling are discussed. The second part includes a discussion on the possible application of the phenomenon in the Western culture and the use of mechanisms underlying it in games. It is proposed that - apart from traditional gaming elements – the human ability of multisensory integration and symbolic forms of care (non-verbal behavior or the „carefully” programmed chatterbots) are used.

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Integrarea serviciilor ecosistemice în planificarea spaţială prin soluţii bazate pe natură

Author(s): Mădălina Sbarcea,Filip Raicu,Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Global changes, driven by land use changes, human population growth and consumption or pollution, manifest themselves through extensive urbanization and amplified extreme climate phenomena, that are threatening environmental systems and human well-being. Consequences of these changes results in habitats and ecosystems fragmentation and quality degradation, that lead to lower capacity of delivering ecosystem services as well as to negative impacts for human health. At the global and European level, nature-based solutions (NBS) have gained traction as an alternative to traditional measures to tackle these environmental and socioeconomic challenges. In this context, the EU oriented its Research and Innovation agenda towards NBS, aiming at green economic growth and new jobs creation, sustainable urbanization, regenerating degraded areas and improving citizen quality of life. Nature-based-solutions projects usually tackle complex problems and provide a series of benefits, most of which can be assessed from an ecosystem services perspective. The planning and implementation process usually involve multiple stakeholders, from governments to NGOs or lay citizens. Besides further need for monitoring, especially of quantitative effects, the complexity of interactions between humans and their environment require a systems approach to adequately represent feedbacks between variables like public health, wellbeing or environmental quality and ecosystem services. Given these complex relationships and context-dependency, the development of frameworks that support spatial planning professionals and decision makers and that involve regional stakeholders in a participatory process would maximize the benefits obtained by NBS implementation.

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Transitions Online_Society-Sex Workers in Turkey Stand Up for Their Rights

Author(s): Aylin Kaplan / Language(s): English Issue: 01/13/2020

The industry in Turkey is legal, but both laws and social mores effectively criminalize many working in the field.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc - 7 January

Author(s): Ioana Caloianu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/13/2020

Today’s regional roundup: arrests in Tajikistan; VTB sues Mozambique; the legacy of the Chechen war; Hungarian human trafficking victims; and Latvian gamblers.

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Основні етапи формування та розвитку екологічної правової культури в сучасному суспільстві

Author(s): Svetlana Petrivna Palamarchuk,Viktor Ivanovich Byrkovych,Oleksandr Petrovich Svitlychnyy / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

Purpose of the Article. It consists in covering the main stages of the formation of ecological culture in the context of the modern culture of society. The methodology is based on the principle of objectivity and an integrated approach and in the application of the method of analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to follow the formation and development of ecological culture in the context of the culture of society. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the expansion of ideas about the ecological culture of man in modern society. The analysis of the gradual formation of ecological culture in the structure and functions of the culture itself. Conclusions. As a result of the research, it was established that culture in all its manifestations is an object and subject of study of many specific sciences, ecology is not an exception. Culture was formed on the activities of society and man, along with its results. Culture is the result of the development of the relationship between man and nature, therefore the perception of culture depends on the person. The formation of the ecological culture of society is formed on the basis of education, upbringing and culture, which allows a person to make constructive decisions to solve environmental problems.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-13 February

Author(s): Ky Krauthamer / Language(s): English Issue: 02/17/2020

Today’s regional roundup: MH17 trial; a solitary voice in Baku; Romania warned over trees; Facebook purges fake pages; and a pay cut in Pristina.

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Geleneksel Ekolojik Bilgi ve Folklor

Author(s): Mehmet Ali Yolcu,Mehmet Aça / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 100/2019

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is a collection of knowledge and beliefs that have been acquired after many years of experience with human contact with the environment. In the West, the idea that TEK can guide the modern society in terms of terming and sustainable resource use and ecological development has been debated since the early 1980s. This concept is important to see the basis of the problems of human-nature relations. TEK research aims to reveal the ecological knowledge that has shown a unique development as a result of environmental adaptation of each of the local communities living in many regions of the world. Although TEK research has continued in the West for nearly 40 years the term has entered the literature in Turkey nowadays. The place and importance of TEK research in the field of folklore which is of interest to different disciplines requires us to form a research model about TEK. It can be clarified through pioneering studies on how TEK accumulation specific to a community will be collected, how to approach this information and how it will be analyzed. In our study, TEK research model in folklore was proposed by considering the definition, content and scope of the concept and brief history of the researches.

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Konkurs Piosenki Eurowizji jako przedmiot badania socjologicznego

Author(s): Daniel Pałuba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

This paper makes an attempt to prove that analyzing the results of the Eurovision Song Contest can be useful for sociologists. For this purpose, the author uses the division of tastes into legitimate, middle-brow and popular and examines whether this division is reflected among those voting in the Eurovision Song Contest. The author also presents the history of the Eurovision Song Contest and distinguishes Jurors Eurovision, Public Eurovision, Transitional Eurovision and Mixed Eurovision. Each of them confirms the correctness of the above-mentioned division of tastes.

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