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In the paper, the result of field inquiry concerning the reception of "Sretenje"-Serbias national day holiday, in times of transition, are presented. Through a five year research of this public holiday, communication channels, form and contents of the community messages were being analyzed. From 2004-2005 the research was focused upon the recipients of these messages, towards a communication collective, i.e. the public. The study was performed in Belgrade, Krusevac and Vrnjacka Banja. I examined the reception of a holiday in transitional times, as well as the fulfillment of the prime objective of the messages.
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In this paper, I discuss the contribution of late professor Dušan Bandić to the research of popular religion and popular orthodoxy, in the context of 20th century Serbian ethnology. The concept of "popular religion" Bandić introduced helped fill a void created by decades of theoretical and methodological stagnation in studies of popular religion and beliefs. The concept of popular orthodoxy, likewise, represented a completely innovative approach to religion studies, since it focused on the reception and interpretation of messages from the Serbian Orthodox Church among the general population. Thus, it managed to reach the depths of religious research that had been previously obscured in studies that could only provide an image of formal religiosity.
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The research in the town of Knjaževac and surrounding villages reveals that the phenomenon of spirit possession influences the formation of a special category of ritual functionaries, called "church persons". Depending on the degree of professionalization of their abilities, the services those persons offer range from communicating with the dead (channeling their souls' voices) to becoming the key religious functionary in a community, where he/she, besides communicating with the other world, healing, and foreseeing the future, also organizes religious life and offers religious, moral and ethical sermons, which play an important role in the community through the foundation and maintenance of important places of cult. Church persons are upwardly socially mobile, in terms of economy and status. The actions of these functionaries subsume the two previously known categories – medicine men and priests. They apply their knowledge in ways close to the popular spirit,with additional authority generated by the phenomenon of spirit possession.
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Since 1950s the United States of America (USA) legitimized their imperial hegemony also by conquest of Space. Consequently, this empire sees itself as a legitimate representative of the humanity. Such a notion reflects itself in both folklore and science fiction.
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On the occasion of 150-anniversary of the Franciscan monastery in Guča Gora dedicated to St Francis of Assisi the article addresses his worship in the tradition of Bosnian Franciscans. It was done through presenting the preaching of Fra Stjepan Margetić Na svetoga Oca Frančeska Patriarka našega, O čudo i veselje (On the Feast of our Patriarch St Francesco – Oh, miracle and joy). St Francis is described as a marvel to God, angels and humans, attesting to the tradition of justified correlation and differentiation of mystics and politics (J.B.Metz) in the worshiping St Francis by the Bosnian Franciscans: the religious and social meaning of Christian monkhood, meaning the more mystic, the more social! The mysticism of Bosnian Franciscans is especially visible in their faith and love of God and in imitating St Francis – marvel to God, angels and humans. The Franciscan politics is manifested in their (1) continuing protection of Bosnia and Herzegovina as followers of the Bosnian middle-age kingdom and the hope of ridding Bosnia of Ottoman slavery as Israel rid Egypt of slavery; (2) Accepting B&H not only as a political, but also as a mystic reality through metaphysical ideas and physical praxis of the country being in God’s providence – a marvel to God, angels and humans. This attitude of the Bosnian Franciscans to B&H takes rise from St Francis sprit of love for Triune God revealed in Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, but also for God’s creation which includes loving land, as seen in Song of Brother Sun by St Francis: Be praised, my Lord, for our sister, mother earth, who sustains and governs us and produces diverse fruits and colored flowers and grass.
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The subject o f this scholarly meeting is summarized in its title which gives the best possible formula of all topics dealt with in the said projects. Our goal is to see that, after the first year of work on the projects, these two research and education institutions organize a transparent conference which would provide access to the entire experience related to the project activities and to the results achieved by the research workers after a year-long effort. In the course o f such presentations, a need will arise for a critical overview and discourse o f all the issues and dilemmas encountered hitherto by the scholars. From the very start o f the sign-up period, in July 2001, the problems have, unfortunately, emerged in the formulation of entries in pursuance of the instructions in the project registration form. These were not the only nor the biggest problems. A prolonged waiting for the foreign reviews and for the allocation of research time, which w as considerably reduced as concerns our Institute, resulted in a 30% reduction of funding, and in a year-long struggle to get reimbursement for direct material expenses. Everyone is aware that such projects in the humanities, which have then special national significance, cannot be even conceived o f without fieldwork. As a matter o f principle, it should be pointed out here that the attitude to the humanities has, in the case o f our projects, proved inadequate. After this first year o f research work, in which a number o shortcomings has crystallized as being inappropriate to the nature and spirit o f the humanities, we do hope that in the ensuing stages such shortcomings will be eliminated. W e expect understanding and support from our financier. I am sure that today ’s presentations, a long with the afore said, and in combination with individual experiences acquired by the scholars during their research work in 2002, w ill yield a fruitful discussion which, as a rule, is the best achievement of such symposia.
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Turkish Migration Conference; Date: 25th – 27th June; Place: Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
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