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W Polsce proces starzenia się ludności postępuje bardzo szybko, co zmienia kształt „polskiej kultury starości”. Na potrzeby niniejszej książki termin ten definiujemy jako zestaw norm i praktyk społeczno-kulturowych – realizowanych zarówno przez osoby starsze, jak i osoby młode wobec osób starszych – szczególnie istotnych na dalszych etapach życia. W naszych badaniach skoncentrowaliśmy się na „młodych” emerytach, a więc takich, którzy formalnie przeszli na emeryturę w okresie ostatnich pięciu lat. Ich doświadczenie emerytury jest więc krótkie, można powiedzieć, że są w fazie przejściowej pomiędzy kolejnymi etapami życia – pomiędzy późną dorosłością a starością. Ale jest to okres kluczowy, jeżeli chcemy gruntownie poznać doświadczenie starzenia się i uchwycić bieg życia jednostki w całej jego złożoności.Przejście na emeryturę może być postrzegane jako znaczący moment w życiu człowieka. Ma on wpływ nie tylko na jednostkę przechodzącą na emeryturę, ale oddziaływa również na innych ludzi: członków rodziny, współpracowników, przyjaciół i znajomych. Jest więc kluczowy dla wielu wymiarów relacji społecznych. Pojawia się jednak pytanie, czy stanowi on punkt zwrotny w wymiarze tożsamościowym człowieka, czy w zasadniczy sposób odbija się na sposobie definiowania samego siebie i odnajdywania się w otaczającej rzeczywistości społecznej. Odpowiedź na to pytanie nie może być (i nie jest) odpowiedzią łatwą. Moment przechodzenia na emeryturę, jak i sam czas emerytury, nie jest bowiem doświadczeniem jednorodnym.
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Nieustannie poszukuje się nowych rodzajów oddziaływania rehabilitacyjnego, które mobilizowałyby osoby niepełnosprawne do aktywności, zapewniały partnerską współpracę między osobami niepełnosprawnymi a pełnosprawnymi i ułatwiały przez to proces integracji. Dla powodzenia tych działań niezbędne staje się zaangażowanie instytucji państwowych, organizacji pozarządowych, a także podmiotów działających na zasadach komercyjnych. W niniejszej publikacji chcieliśmy określić, jakie systemowe i strukturalne warunki powinny być spełnione m.in. w sferze pracy, edukacji i szerzej w zakresie polityki społecznej, których rezultatem byłoby stworzenie dogodnych warunków dla realizacji celów i osiągania sukcesów życiowych przez osoby niepełnosprawne. Pragnęliśmy pokazać, jak wielki potencjał może być wykorzystany do szeroko rozumianego przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu i marginalizacji społecznej tej kategorii osób. Publikacja pokazuje, jak wielki potencjał może być wykorzystany do szeroko rozumianego przeciwdziałania wykluczeniu i marginalizacji społecznej osób niepełnosprawnych.
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The matters under consideration in volume VI of the Biography and Biography Research series, edited by Elżbieta Dubas and Anna Gutowska, are two leading issues that can be examined on the basis of biographical research. One of them is the stability and/or variability in biography, the other – biographical turning points. Both issues of reflection and biographical research are combined and interlock. The question of stability and variability is tackled in four chapters in this volume: by Agnieszka Zalewska-Meler, where the chapter is an attempt to grasp both common and unusual elements of sportsmen biographies; by Agnieszka Kowalska, indicating how educational, activating and integrated activities influenced individual lives of the homeless; by Tomasz Hauz, referring in his chapter to changes that take place in the lives of HIV-positive people; and by Aneta Tejchman, analysing the biography of Jan Ekier, an outstanding Polish artist, in search of a permanent feature of his scientific and artistic activity. The issue of biographical turning points is explored by the authors of the following seven chapters in this monography: Dorota Sieroń-Galusek raises the issue concerning the so-called biographic method/biographism in the context of selected academic works in the field of humanities and social sciences; Monika Chmielecka paints the picture of great biographical turning points in the light of the theory of transformative learning; Kamila Lasocińska connects the issue of biographical turning points with creativity, transgression, self-creation and adult creativity; Renata Brzezińska shows critical events of epiphanic nature in professional senior biographies; Marta Bożewicz presents the break-through experiences in the biographies of people having vocation for priesthood; Barbara Toroń-Fórmanek shows the relationship between an identity of a person in a penitentiary institution and their life course before going to prison; Małgorzata Lis proposes the concept of the four components (dynamisms) of upbringing according to Stefan Kunowski to be used for the research into biographical turning points in the history of upbringing. The volume concludes with three texts that refer to leading reflections on biographies and their research. Mariusz Granosik writes about a biographical transformation as one of the most important categories of contemporary pedagogy. Anna Walulik and Celina Kisiel-Dorohnicka analyse the anthropological ideas by Paul Ricoeur on the categories of stability and variability, and the identity and otherness. The publication ends with the text by Olga Czerniawska presenting chosen dilemmas of autobiography writing.
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The monograph considers the notion and scope of senior policy vis-à-vis similar policies, such as social policy on ageing, social policy on old age, and social policy on the elderly. Although retirement policy is unrelated to senior policy, it is also covered in the monograph because of its influence on the financial situation and well-being of the elderly and older adults. A brief review of the demographic situation and main population trends in EU-28 countries is followed by a presentation of senior policies in Hungary, Poland and Russia, and the impact of their retirement policies on the economic situation of older people.
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The reflections contained in the volume fall between the two shores of the stream of life: the socio-cultural and the individual experiencing of old age. The publication deals with migration processes that increasingly affect older people and place old age in the context of global interactions; local, environmental and institutional activities undertaken for the benefit of seniors; issues related to attitudes towards seniors, discrimination based on age; health, quality of life and ecotherapy; an individualized experience of old age in the context of learning and in difficult life situations such as illness or domestic violence. The book’s target audience are educators, sociologists, psychologists, students and doctoral students dealing with gerontological issues, as well as representatives of institutions supporting seniors.
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Ageing of the Polish society cause the growing number of proposals dedicated to seniors. This offers are extended by local governments as well as universities and study centres, churches and NGOs. Wrocław likes to be exceptional in many different areas. Wrocław authorities as well as city residents like if it is described as “young city” or multicultural one. It is understandab-le that they try to present the city as “seniors-friendly” as well. The article is not aimed to proclaim the city seniors-friendly or not, but to present some of the efforts offered to elder residents of Wrocław as well as to underline the distinctive attributes of such proposals together with some risks arising from these attributes.
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The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in attitudes toward aging of men and women in a group of young adults and seniors. Moreover the sex of the participants was controlled. The total sample consisted of 128 participants. The results show that the young adults show more positive attitude to elderly than the old adults. Moreover the results indicate that the attitude toward aging of men and women depends on the evaluated area, sex and age of the participants.
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The main aim of this article is to present the results of an age discrimination in the organization, in the addition of an age management’s context. Age management is a term that becomes more and more often considered within characteristics of organizational phenomena related to demographic changes in the working population. Therefore the general purpose of this research is the analysis of the relationship between an age management and age discrimination. There were examined 395 working persons (233 women and 162 men). The results of the stati¬stically analysis (cross tabs) showed significant relationships between level of age management, type of the organizational climate and age discrimination.
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Demographic aging of the population, expressed by the increase in the society percentage of elderly people is a social process, which is in the interest of researchers in many fields both medicine, public health, psychology, sociology or social policy. Reason of the increase in the society percent of older people is the extending the duration of human life with a simulta neous decrease in the number of births. Demographic aging of the Polish population, proceed in a similar manner to most European societies. Senile changes are manifested with varying in¬tensity in different periods of human life, causing a progressive reduction of self-reliance, often helplessness. The process of population aging is a problem all over the world, and lengthening the duration of life is not always associated with its quality. Assessing the quality of life of older people we should take into account aspects related to the health and well-being, as well as exponents of social functioning. Reaching old age in good health requires the targeting of social policy not only to extend life, but also to improve its quality. It is also a task for the health promotion of older people, which is the process towards both to change the style of life of older people, as well as changes in the organization of health care and social assistance for the elderly, and to improve the quality of life in the “joy of life”.
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The author shows Alzheimer’s disease as an example of existential struggles constantly present in human life, especially in context of family carers. In this article relation in Alzheimer`s disease is described as “accompanying the path”, which helps to face with great difficulties of this disease. The author characterized “Accompanying the path” as several relations such as geragogical, social, personal, relation with Other person, relation “to be”. Analyzed experiences of three family carers of Alzheimer`s disease patients, shows several dimensions and principles of “accompanying the path” relation. Those are: personal dimension (personalistic) – which is rule of respecting patient as an human being (person); emotional dimension – rule of creating and maintaining positive emotions; community dimension – obligation to build community bounders within family and social environment of patient; communication dimension – obligation to constant communication with a patient, considering understanding and conversations.
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The text present reflections concerning calendar age perceived not only as an objective category but especially as a subjective category from the perspective of the end of life – old age, coupled with experience from the whole life, including childhood experiences. The author refers to the age stratification theory, social clock idea and the concept of the social age elaborated by Helena Radlińska. She emphasizes the fact that the historical feeling of being old has changed over time The author also draws attention to the complexity of the perception of the old age of other people, age-related epithets, biographical memory, heart memory present in the experience of old people.
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Demographic research shows that modern societies are aging, and Poland is also among the countries referred to as demographically old. Therefore, new tasks appear before the young generation to achieve a good quality of life in old age and care for seniors from the closest environment. Bearing in mind the preparation for changes related to the retirement period, shaping friendly attitudes towards seniors and the ability to integrate between generations, the author emphasizes the essence of education towards old age in general education. She describes the most important issues related to old age, aging and demographic changes in Poland, analyzes content related to preparation for old age implemented at school, also emphasizes the role of the teacher in shaping the attitudes of the youth toward the elderly, old age and the inclusion with seniors. Relying on the empirical research, the author presents the place of education towards old age in general education and its effects, i.e. the attitudes of the surveyed students towards old age and seniors.
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The research conducted by the authors on the situation of the elderly in one of the post-industrial districts of Katowice showed that degree of satisfaction of specific needs is diverse depending on their type, therefore, despite actions taken by organizational and non-governmental units and other institutions for senior environment, criterion of deficit in the sphere of interpersonal contacts and active participation in social life has not always been met.
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How do citizens form their political attitudes? How do political actors influence people’s political views in their everyday lives? Do people’s feelings towards political parties and politicians influence the public opinion? The book presents a series of laboratory experiments focused on the formation processes of citizens’ attitudes to political issues in the context of their emotional attachments to political actors. The research puts emphasis on negativity and negative feelings of citizens towards political actors and shows that this type of negative attachment influences the way people think about political issues. Since the experimental method is a newcomer in the field of Czech political science, the volume’s ambition is also to introduce experiments as a relevant and useful tool for extending knowledge of substantial political processes and phenomena.
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The presented volume is the author’s proposal of a sociological description of the phenomenon of co-production of social services as a source of personal and social productivity of older people. The main conceptual axis of the study, which defines its cognitive goal, is an attempt to link the idea of co-production of social services with the productivity of older people, indicating the potential relations occurring between these phenomena. According to the author’s knowledge, both in Poland and abroad, no analyses in this area have been conducted so far, not only within sociology, but also within other sciences. Therefore, the theoretical aim of the study was to describe and rank the concepts constituting the backbone and filling in the presented theoretical perspective, such as co-production, personal and social productivity of the older persons, social services, human capital and social capital. The conceptual analysis carried out resulted in the development of the author’s operational framework for the services organised and provided under the “Senior+” Multiannual Programme, showing how co-production of older people, based on the use of their human and social capital, generates their personal and social productivity. Therefore, it can be considered that the publication is a direct response to the persistent deficit of comprehensive studies in this area in the Polish scientific space.
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Global ageing is a challenge to human rights law as older people are far more vulnerable to a range of social, economic and political barriers that effectively exclude them from mainstream society. Thus, this book proposes a model of how to improve national ageing policies internationally by changing the current paradigm in the perception of older persons from passive receivers of care and assistance to active contributors to society. The author points to the need to improve the visibility of older persons internationally, promotes the idea of a treaty on their rights, and identifies areas where states and non-state actors can positively influence their social inclusion at the national level.
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