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The article shows the influence of the concept of post-industrialism on the activity of the Soviet intelligentsia of the 1960-s — 1980-s, the social value of this concept is considered, various points of view are analyzed, the opinion of writers and scientists is given.
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The article presents the expectations of ecoagritourists towards chosen aspects of the ecoagritourism offer. Ecoagritourists appreciate the ability to customize the purchased tourism offer to their individual needs. This also applies to the price of ecoagritourism service, for which is expected to have a wide range of discounts. They also would like to have wide access to food produced organically during their stay, however, without having to incur the additional costs. Ecoagritourists also declared a personal desire to engage, during their holiday, in ecological activities carried out by the farm.
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Development is devoted to the presentation of the issue of the green economy as a tool for sustainable development. The main objective of this paper is to present tools in the pursuit of a green economy for sustainable development. The author focuses on the question of whether modern economic systems face thus faced with a dilemma, whether to continue growth in its current form or not. In this case, the growing consumption of resources and environmental costs will be applied to the drastic social inequality. Therefore, it becomes necessary to treat the green economy as a tool for sustainable development. Practical implications of the theoretical analysis is to identify ways to change the system by diverting a part of the green economy, the stimulus measures for new energy technologies and environmental protection and the introduction of environmental tax reform.
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The paper presents a graphical simulation of the processes related to global warming on Earth in relation to changes in the coastline of the southern part of the Baltic Sea. Presentation of data needed to simulate the changes are taken from the latest IPCC report is based on data obtained from NOAA measurement (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center), on the results of temperature measurement on a global scale for the years 1900 - 2013. The forecast increase in global temperature of the Earth was developed based on data obtained from eight representative research centers, which are summarized in a single graph, allowing the comparative characteristics of these forecasts. On the basis of sea-level rise projections, presented the comparative characteristics of the areas at risk of flooding in the southern part of the countries around the Baltic Sea. Graphic form presented in two forms, present status, and simulation of the same areas in the event of rising water up to 1m - case scenario.
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Purpose of the research. The article studies the imagery and stylistic trends of environmental public advertising, includ-ing in the structure of Media space Germany and Ukraine. The activation of attention to the problems of contemporary environ-mental protection and rational use of natural resources greatly will facilitate the eco-culture development of society, especially the younger generation. Methodology of the research is the used of socio-cultural approach to study the interaction of verbal and visual components of eco-poster. Scientific originality of the research is to advanced study the social appeal as a combined ver-bal-visual model, the language of which is based on stylistic devices and means of Postmodern culture. Original artistic images, nonstandard interpretations, humor and satire are needed in today's eco-posters, and so it becomes more important to use crea-tive technologies in the creation of social appeal – metaphor, metonymy, allegory, association, hyperbole. It is noted that the main purpose Triennial "4th Block, Chernobyl" in Kharkov, which organized the Ukrainian Аssociation of graphic designers – to attract the global attention to environmental problems and the effects after social, technogenic and natural disasters. Comparative analy-sis was revealed that the German environmental poster are interesting and imaginative, because the environmental issues have been a lot more attention in the society, and in accordance with the eco-topic theme are cultivated and distributed in the Media. Conclusions. This materials are part of the workshops "Public advertising" in Munich Ludwig-Maximilian University. In view of the shift to the visual component in advertising appeal, we are considers practicable for further development of the integrated course, which can be used not only for designers, but advertisers, culturologists, sociologists, sociocultural activities managers also.
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The relevance of this topic is reflected in new economic thinking of the current times, which argues that global progress can be achieved only by coordinating economic efficiency, social justice, environment protection and institutional role. The coordination of these principles into one system is the concept of sustainable development, which is based on the idea that the current generation must satisfy its needs by preserving the possibility for future generations to satisfy theirs. This view is as important in Lithuania as it is worldwide. Analyzing the situation of sustainable development in Lithuania, one misses the information which consistently evaluates sustainable development and uses the concrete multi-criterion method, one also misses integrated indexes which would allow to evaluate the sustainable development of the country. The object of the article - the evaluation of sustainable development. The purpose of the article – to evaluate sustainable development situation in Lithuania by using multi-criteria assessment methods. To achieve this purpose the following tasks were set: 1. To introduce the theoretical aspects of multicriteria methods; 2. To find out the methodology of calculating integrated sustainable development index; 3. To analize Lithuania’s sustainable development situation during the years 2000-2010. Research methods: systemic analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization of scientific literature sources, structural, dynamic and causal analysis of statistical data. Concrete results of the research. The assessment of Lithuanian economic development in terms of sustainable development allows to identify the weak points in the economic development of the country, to analyze the changes and tendencies, to look for the possible solutions for economic, social, environmental and institutional problems. The were used four multi-criteria methods in this article: SAW (Simple Additive Weighting), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) and Integrated method. The best methods which can be chosen to evaluate sustainable development situation in Lithuania are TOPSIS and integrated methods. After conducting the analysis of sustainable development in Lithuania it was established that during the years 2000-2003 and during economic crisis in 2009 it was given bigger attention to institutional dimension to accieve important tasks (like joining European Union, solving economic problems, etc.). In 2009 economic development inex decreased by 34,39 per cent, social development index decreased by 6,13 per cent, environmental development index increased by 10,16 per cent while institutional development index increased by 41,93 per cent. Summarizing it can be concluded that sustainable development is a long-term strategy, ensuring clean and healthy environment as well as an increasing standard of living for the present and future generations.
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An aim of considerations is to describe consumers’ behaviours in the market for ecological products in Poland and in other European Union (EU) countries, their determinants as well as to indicate the impact of consumers’ behaviours on formation of marketing activities. To implement the aim the author used secondary research. The market for ecological products now belongs to the dynamically developing market sectors in the highly developed countries. The development of supply is determined by the changes occurring in behaviours of consumers who in their purchasing decisions take into account the criteria connected with environmental protection, what is an important premise for taking into consideration the ecological criteria in marketing activities. The recognition of the problems in question is of the practical importance for Polish enterprises operating or planning to operate in this segment, what is connected with the necessity to achieve a definite position in the community’s market. The Polish market for ecological products has an enormous potential which, unfortunately, is used only to a minor part; hence, there is an urgent need to recognise the barriers limiting its development. The article is a part of the stream of surveys connected with permanent and sustainable development, what contributes to meeting the most important needs of the present and future generations as well as to preserve the resources of the environment and its biological variety. The article is of the conceptual nature.
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The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations of researching ecological and economic problems in international trade. Proved that such studies should be based on two main theoretical points: (1) on the general economic equilibrium theory and (2) a researcher shall consider the world economy as a closed ecological-economic system and the national economy – as an open ecological-economic system. In our model of the national ecological-economic system, we take into account the external economic factor which helped to analyse the national eco-economic system as an open system. In the article, the methodology of detection of absolute and comparative advantage of the country’s foreign trade is offered. The model of global ecological-economic system illustrates the isolation of the planetary economic system. On a global scale, all that is created by human being eventually becomes waste of either production (faster) or consumption (later). The methodological approaches and findings may be useful for the substantiation of sustainable ecological and economic development programmes.
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The article presents the issues related to functioning of the labour market in the European Union, in the light of implementation of the climate policy, and especially the concept of the green economy and green jobs. The emphasis was put on principal determinants of green jobs, identification of which will let conduct more effective labour market policy. The impact of climate policy instruments on the labour market was also taken into consideration. The indicators presented in the paper may be used to assess the size and quality of employment, as well as the performance of government’s labour market policy. Implementation of the presented concepts of sustainable development, mainly related to the labour market, may help to increase the level of sustainability of not only the labour market, but also the entire EU economies. Development of specific labour market trends will affect the ability to increase employment in green sectors of the economy, and thus may contribute to reduction of unemployment, through a flexible adaptation to the situation in the labour market in the EU countries.
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The article undertakes the problem of tourists ecological education realised at tourist destinations, particularly in environmentally valuable areas. It indicates the role of different public and private sector subjects, responsible for the formation of preferable tourists’ behaviours (mainly in the ecological aspect), indispensable to the development of the sustainable tourism. A special role in this area is attributed to operators in the field of tourist services. A complement of the theoretical part is the last element of the elaboration, based on empirical findings of research carried out on the ecologically valuable areas of Podlaskie Voivodeship, presenting the activity of subjects serving of hotel management within the range makings available of the information on the subject ecological preservations in the tourism and the sustainable tourism, and the estimation by tourists of the access to that information in places of the rest. The research proves a poor access to ecological education and the contents devoted to the concept of sustainable tourism in the tourist destination areas, inclusive of rare educational actions of the hotel industry. The research findings also show a low interest in the environmental knowledge as regards ecological behaviours of the very consumers of tourist products.
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The purpose of this paper is to outline the results of a study on the importance of the introduction/implementation of standards of socially responsible management and their impact on the business performance of organizations as well as to confirm the correlations with the sustainable development of the broader social and natural environment. The research included a population of medium-sized and large organizations (over 50 employees) in the fields of marketing services in the Republic of Slovenia. Research results confirmed a direct link of understanding the management standards in organizations with a larger number of employees and the achieved higher income from operations. Research participants are familiar with the requirements of the Quality Management System Standard ISO 9001 and the Environmental Management System Standard ISO 14001, which is particularly significant for older business executives with many years of work experience in the company they run. The hypothesis that the implementation of the principles of social responsibility has a positive impact on sustainable development and the financial indicators of the organization – higher profits, business growth, productivity and cost-effectiveness in operations – has been confirmed.
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The article is an attempt to compare the attitudes of the major Polish political powers in terms of energy policy and energy security future development. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the political program of the major political parties before the parliamentary elections in 2015. The text tries to indicate the evolution of political attitudes towards the challenges of energy security in the period after 2010.
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Basic relations between the state of air pollution and their effects on chemistry of precipitation were introduced in this paper. Changes in the composition of atmosphere were defined by numerous chemical elements and compounds different in character which also affect the phenomenon of acidification and alkaline processes. The interconnected sources of emission, relations between urban and rural, the regime of rain measuring system and climate elements combined as whole give us more complete image of the global phenomenon and its effects on cities as a contemporary social development first of all caused by industrialization , its dependance upon fosil sources of energy and demographic pressure. Characteristics of main pollutants were considered as well as their ability to modify atmospheric conditions, but also the influence of climate elements on those conditions, ph rainfall average value movement, seasonal and daily variations, the influence of industrial zones and agglomeration on the conditions in the area much wider than emitters.
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The study explores the question whether and under what conditions the fundamental concepts of Max Weber's interpretive sociology - in particular "meaning" (Sinn) and "understanding" (Verstehen) - can be applied to animal behaviour, and whether and under what conditions Weber's concepts can be used to study the relationship of humans to animals as a relation¬ship of social actors to other social actors. With regard to the possibility of building an inter¬pretive sociology of animals in Max Weber’s spirit, his shift in the analytical concept of "meaning" is very important, namely the shift from the meaning which is fully conscious to the half-consciousness or unconsciousness of the meaning which is felt by the actor. Since the understanding of the animal and the human action is achieved in principle by the same means – through qualitative evidence and its verification by the rate of practical success - the rejection of the meaningfulness of animal action could also be applied to human actors. Apparently, denying the human actors an understanding explanation of their actions through the interpretation of subjective meaning would not only "destroy" the legitimacy of the inter¬pretive sociology, but it would also "rule out" the possibility of understanding human commu¬nicative acts as such. Therefore, it is reasonably of greater benefit to include animals among (potential) social actors and rather focus on their sociologically relevant differences from other - primarily human - social actors.
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Nature has always had an important symbolic function in the ideology of the far right, reflected, in many cases, in the calls for local environmental protection that form an integral part of their nationalist and protectionist narratives. However, research also suggests that the far right uses green issues to gain legitimation and enter the mainstream political discourse. Our aim is to study how green issues are communicated by Slovakia’s far-right political party, Kotlebovci – Peopleʼs Party Our Slovakia. We analyze party members’ speeches in the Slovak national parliament and argue that green issues are used as a proxy for communicating the party’s ideological positions and to push other elements of the far-right agenda.
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The objectives of this study are to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of biodiversity of Sone Beel, the largest wetland of Assam in India and to determine the factors affecting respondents WTP for conservation. A binary logistic regression model is used to determine the factors affecting respondents WTP. The model is well specified with a Likelihood Ratio Chi-square of 187.50 with a p-value of 0.0000 and McFadden's pseudo-Rsquared is 0.3850 which indicates that the model is a very good model. The study findings indicate that more than half (70.25%) of the respondents were WTP for the conservation of Sone Beel. In this study, although biodiversity threat is strongly significantly affecting respondent’s WTP for conservation biodiversity of Sone Beel, other factors such as distance, marital status, educational level, religion, household size, monthly household income, and father’s occupation are also significant. The most significant conclusion of the study is that it establishes that people are actually willing to pay an amount, however small, to assist the conservation of Sone Beel. Further, in this study, it is observed that those people who use the wetland are more willing to participate.
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The aim of this paper is the reconstruction of the emergence and dynamics of contemporary identity politics. It argues that the focus on identity is not solely a feature of authoritarian populism but also a feature of meritocratic and individualistic ideology of anti-populist parties and social movements. The paper further explores, how the politicized processes of identity formation manifest as self-victimization, leading to unresolvable culture wars, whose intensity seems to be amplified by the current hegemonic crisis of the neoliberal order. In this context, the article’s main thesis is that, in the face of the twin crises of extreme political polarization and the existential threat posed by the climate crisis, education can play a significant role in establishing new universalism by redirecting attention from the processes of identity formation to the task of generating a new symbolic universe, which would allow the setting aside of the current conflicts.
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Study presents the measurement of the ecological footprint of a school district in Budapest, Hungary. The aim of my research is to show whether there is a difference in the size of the ecological footprint at different ages. I compare the results with the measurement in Hungary last year, 2019, and I also compare the results of one of the institutions in the school district with the national average.
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The Gorani Movement is the oldest ecological organisation in the Balkans. Despite its long history and activites in afforestation and nature protection the Gorani Movement is not well known in Serbia today, and there are no works about the organisation in Serbian historiography. Therefore, this paper gives an overview of the history of the organisation. The paper analyses the following topics: the establishment of the organisation and its goals, the actions of the Gorani Movement, the cooperation with other institutions and organisations in Yugoslavia, and some diffculties and obstacles they had to cope with. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the significance of the organisation for nature protection in Serbia.
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