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Forma i treść we współczesnym kontekście kulturowym

Author(s): Zbigniew Kaźmierczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXVIII/2016

The paper considers the issue of truth, pointing out that the truth as it is commonly understood is a reference of the personal truth of some elements of the public sphere, that is the public truth. Due to the crisis of European culture (pluralism, individualism, inflation of speech and expression, scientism) public truth cannot function as it used to, because it is not able to impose on society a single formula. This raises the impression that no truth is possible. The article argues that there is still a personal truth available, the development of which may be the goal of future culture. Patterns of this development are brought by the liberal Quakerism. It makes the public truth something formal – it believes above all in what Pink Dandelion called the “behavioral creed” - without forcing individuals to believe in any particular truth.

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Gnomski elementi dela Činua Ačebe

Author(s): Daša Šašić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 254/1980

Svoju ulogu, ciljeve i ideale proznog pisca, Činua Ačebe je veoma jasno formulisao na sledeći nalin u izjavi datoj 1964. godine na konfederaciji o knjževnosti zemalja Komonvelta u Lidsu: "Ovde se, stoga, nalazi revolucija koju treba da obuhvatim da pomognem svome društvu da ponovo stekne poverenje u sebe i da otkloni komplekse dugogodišnjeg ocrnjivanja i samoocrnjivanja..."

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Tłumaczenie a postkolonializm – badanie elementów kulturowych w przekładzie angielsko-polskim

Author(s): Patrycja Karpińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Niniejszy artykuł dość pobieżnie przedstawia wyniki badania, mającego na celu potwierdzenie lub zaprzeczenie obecności trendów postkolonialnych w polskim przekładzie poprzez dokonanie analizy porównawczej elementów kulturowych. Skupia się on na powodach, dla których otrzymane rezultaty nie mogą zostać uznać za wiążące. Wśród tych powodów znajdują się: paradygmat postkolonialny i częste nieuwzględnianie innych czynników wpływających na ostateczny kształt przekładu; problematyczna sytuacja Polski w naukach postkolonialnych; zawężona definicja elementów kulturowych czy zbyt strukturalistyczna natura samego narzędzia.

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Principles of Multiculturality and Human Rights in Latin America – Several Observations

Author(s): Magdalena Krysińska-Kałużna / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

This article argues that the concept of multiculturalism, which is an extremely valuable asset, may, in the context of various interpretations, serve to resolve social conflicts. However, it may also generate conflicts. Using examples from several Latin American countries, the text will present some significant elements that drive processes, in which the principles of multiculturalism may be contradictory to the ideal of multiculturalism on which were grounded.

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Todas las sangres – Peruvian Multiculturalism in a Migrant Settlement of Metropolitan Lima

Author(s): Katarzyna Górska / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The paper presents multiculturalism as a cultural and social phenomenon experienced in migrant settlements in Metropolitan Lima. It will use Nuevo Pachacútec, a young migrant settlement in the Northern cone of the metropolitan area, as a case study. The multiculturalism of Lima has been driven and catalyzed by internal migration process, and is now clearly visible in some urban migrant settlements of the Peruvian capital. The case of Nuevo Pachacútec proves that multiculturalism functions best on a micro scale. Multiculturalism in Peru is analyzed from three angles: as a grassroots policy and principle of cultural organizations; as the diversity of residents in terms of origin and religion; and as the experience of the community and its new approach to celebrating fiestas. The nuanced nature of young migrant settlements is expressed by the phrase, Todas las sangres, which symbolizes the cultural heterogeneity of urban space.

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Warriors of Our Imagination: Native Americans in 20th-Century Polish Literature

Author(s): Weronika Łaszkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2016

The following article explores the similarities between Polish Indian novels (written mostly in the second half of the 20th century) and modern fantasy fiction in an effort to argue that the former should not be examined–and then criticized–only in terms of their idealized representations of Native American tribes and life in the wilderness. To demonstrate the parallel between these Indian novels and fantasy fiction, this article will first analyze how the works of Polish writers and fantasy narratives are motivated by similar desires. It will then examine the Indian novels in the context of John H. Timmerman’s study on the six generic traits of fantasy. This perspective will allow us to circumvent the question of authenticity in representation, and instead acknowledge the significance of the Indian novels for the readers and writers of the People’s Republic of Poland.

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Starych drzew się nie przesadza. Upodobania kulinarne jako symbol awansu społecznego

Author(s): Anna Gawarecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Czech literature is often connected with the appreciation of the quotidian life. This opinion may be regarded as incorrect or inequitable because of its clichéd nature and for its avoiding intensified interpretation, but it must be considered (also in critical manner) in a case of attempt to define the axiological and cultural basis of our southern neighbours. Culinary motifs – integrally creating the picture of the individual and collective identity – are strongly represented in this literature in which they either illustrate the typical Czech modus vivendi or conceptualize the constancy and role of the national tradition. Sometimes these motifs are also used for attempts of contesting the main components of the cultural heritage. The varied representations of cuisine (recipes, foods, preparing of dishes, ways of consumption) often enough returns in Czech literature and their semantic ability transcend the simply mimetic reflection of the everyday customs.

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Tradycja a praktyki dominacji w obrębie płci na przykładzie huculskiego kolędowania

Author(s): Justyna Marianna Zynek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2017

The Christmas custom of carolling occupies a very special place in the life of Hutsulshchyna inhabitants. Referred to as a religious rite, for a long time Hutsul carolling has been an object of numerous studies that shape ideas about it. In spite of the functioning of many forms of carolling in these areas, both researchers and the inhabitants of the Ukrainian Carpathians recognize as the most important the male form of carolling, which marginalized the role of women. However, on closer inspection it turns out that women also have an exceptional impact on the course of tradition, often taking the initiative in carolling. The article focuses on the, hitherto disregarded in the literature gender, relations within the Hutsul carolling. It also analyses the connection between discourse and social practices manifested in male and female forms of carolling. A look at the official and non-official character of tradition as well as relations between genders and any crises connected with them highlights the domination and symbolic power within the gender domain.

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„Myśląca maszyna” – Teatr Symultaniczny Szymona Syrkusa i Andrzeja Pronaszki. Ku archeologii performansu cyfrowego w Polsce

Author(s): Jakub Kłeczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 139-140/2017

This article is an attempt to revisit an unrealized architectural design for Andrzej Pronaszko and Szymon Syrkus’s Simultaneous Theater using media archeology. Kłeczek claims that the use of advanced communications techniques in theater, dance, and other performance arts can be seen from a wider perspective than the artists’ latest accomplishments. He argues his thesis by reconstructing the methodological bases of media archeology, as conceived by Siegfried Zielinski. Then he reads the titular project from a perspective of today’sperformance art theory – including its relationship with media, multimediality, and the cyborg.

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Trendovi u sociologiji kulture

Author(s): Raymond Williams / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 275/1982

Na sociologiju kulture danas se često gleda kao na relativno specijalizovanu i marginalnu oblast. Jasno je, takođe, da je ona nerazvijena. U celokupnom istorijskom kontekstu slociološke mislii, ovakva situacija je i ironična li poučna. Važno je da se podsetimo da se tek od kraja devetnaestog veka dokazivalo šta bli mogla da bude nauka o kulturi u odnosu prema istoriji, a posebno u odniosu prema novim kategorijama i analizama ekonomskog i poliitičkog sistema, da bi se uopšte pojavio ovaj deo rnoderne sociologlije. Težak termin »kultura« dma dužu i čak značajniju istoriju. U početku je to bio naziv za proces, kulturu kao obrađivanje zemlje ,i stvaranje oruđa, a zatim se proširio na kulturu misli, da bi u kasnom osamnaestom veku, posebno u nemačkom li engleskom, postao termin za konfiguracdju i generalizaciju čitavog naoina života jednog naroda. Herder1 je prvi upotrebio značajan plural »kulture«, za razliku od singulara, i kao što bismo mi to danas rekli, jednosmemog smisla reči »civdlizacija«.

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Book-Reviews

Author(s): Uroš Milivojević,Marko Božić,Stefan Radojković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2014

Valentin Vasiljevic Sedov, Sloveni u dalekoj proslosti, Novi Sad, Akademska knjiga, 2012, 495 str. Jean Baubérot, La laïcité falsifiée, Paris, La Découverte, 2012, 212 стр. Fransoa Šobe, Loren Marten, Međunarodni kulturni odnosi: istorija i kontekst, Beograd, Clio, 2014, 432 str.

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Romania – dimensions of regional cultural specificity

Author(s): Angelica-Nicoleta Neculaesei (Onea) / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

An increasing importance is given to intercultural research in management. The cultural “inheritance” of individuals is of interest to us from a double perspective: a) to avoid problems that can arise from ignoring their value profile, b) for valuing it by positive “exploitation”. Cultural positioning is achieved by comparisons made according to certain criteria (cultural dimensions). They are known in the literature and for ethical approaches they emphasize cultural similarities and differences. Although they largely reflect the values of culture, they can not cover issues that come from the known sphere for the ones who propose them. Based on this idea, in this study we have adapted cultural dimensions to the Romanian cultural specificity elements, based on a comprehensive inventory of values, developed following a diachronic exploratory analysis. Furthermore, we have proposed two new dimensions that reflect regional specificities.

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Prawo mniejszości narodowych do kultywowania własnej tożsamości kulinarnej

Author(s): Bogusław Banaszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2014

The Polish Constitution does not contain any standards directly relating to the protection of animals, and the more the slaughter of animals. In 2012, the issue of legality of rituals laughter become current because of the Constitutional Tribunal’s judgment declaring the regulation allowing the slaughter to be unconstitutional. However, the Tribunal stated so for procedural reasons and did not judge the merits of the constitutionality of the slaughter. In this respect the constitutional standard concerning the rights of national and ethnic minorities (Article 35) and freedom of religion (Article 53) can be relevant. According to the current legal status the ritual slaughter is prohibited. This ban violates the essence of the rights of national and ethnic minorities guaranteed in Art. 35 of the Constitution, and deprives them of the important decisive factor of cultural identity. It also affects the substance of religious freedom guaranteed by Art. 53 of the Constitution as it makes it difficult to practice the elements of religion, which are associated with ritual slaughter. It should also be noted that the values protected by the Constitution, and public morality in particular(Art. 31 p. 3, Art. 53 p. 5), suggest to limit ritual slaughter to the amount needed to satisfy the consumption needs of the respective groups.

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Theology for nones: Helping people find God in a secular age

Author(s): Robert A. Delfino / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

One-third of all adults under the age of thirty in the United States of America are ‘nones’. Nones include atheists, agnostics, and those who answer “nothing in particular” to religious survey questions. In this article the authors examine the rise of the nones, drawing upon the work of Mary Eberstadt, Charles Taylor, and Joseph Bottum. We classify the nones into three groups: naturalists, transcendent spiritualists, and non-transcendent spiritualists. After discussing various challenges for evangelization among the nones, we propose some ideas to address these challenges. Here we draw upon the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Jacques Maritain, and Mariano Artigas. Finally, we discuss some cultural concerns and problems that would probably result if the rise of the nones is left unaddressed.

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Tipologija gamera i gamerica u Hrvatskoj - neke sociokulturne karakteristike

Author(s): Krešimir Krolo,Željka Zdravković,Ivan Puzek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2016

This article presents the results of a large scale online survey of the video gaming population in Croatia (N=3251) conducted in 2014. The theoretical part discusses approaches to mapping of videogaming profiles, as well as problems in defining and conceptualizing the video gamer and video gaming as a culture, relying first and foremost on compatible sociological perspectives (Crawford, 2011). The emphasis is laid on the importance of expanding the standard socio-demographic elements of profiling in order to establish a more concise typology of video gamers. The methodological part describes the instruments used, the main characteristics of the sample, as well as the cluster analysis method that was used in creating the video gamers typology. The results of the cluster analysis point to the existence of six different gaming types, grouped mainly around genre preferences but also pointing to differences considering the level of self-identification with gaming culture, intensity of playing, participatory practices and selected dimensions of value orientations. The additional analysis of the clusters shows differences among gamers in terms of technological, content-based and interaction-based characteristics of genres, concluding that specific genres are more compatible with those players that are more tolerant, whilst others are linked more to the insular and particular socio-cultural frameworks.

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Analiza instytucjonalna wspólnot z perspektywy społeczno-kulturowej tożsamości płci

Author(s): Zofia Łapniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

People of communities, local societies or collectives work together to manage common-pooled resources (commons) without an external authority by combining multiple knowledge sources and ways of functioning. Since gender relations affect planning, production, well-being, and many other aspects of life, an in-depth look into the assumptions about commons might help avoid bias and distortion in disciplinary accounts. This theoretical paper aims to present various ways and methods of including gender in the institutional analysis of communities and their actions related to the governing of commons. Therefore, it challenges gender relations within communities and introduces the meaning of socially-constructed institutions in the governing of common resources. Further, relying on my framework of institutional analysis and the given examples, I address the necessity of the inclusion of gender-centred perspective in deliberations on commons. This part provides a unique contribution to the studies on that subject. The main conclusion of this analysis is the need for a critical reflection of researchers, non-governmental organisations and members of communities on their institutions which can enhance or combat inequalities, thereby significantly impacting the achieved results.

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Kultura a konsumpcja. Wpływ wzrostu gospodarczego na społeczeństwa państw BRICS

Author(s): Kamil Waligóra / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2015

In the last three decades huge socio-economic changes have occurred in the world. Only in BRICS hundreds of millions of people have significantly improved their financial status, going from satisfying only basic existential needs to meeting these more complex, requiring more financial resources. Existential changes have an impact on society, in this case on the BRICS countries which evolve like Europe and the US, also in the cultural sphere. The aim of this article is to show the impact of economic growth of BRICS, especially in the years 1990–2010, on cultural changes in these societies. The analysis was conducted based on the dimensions of culture developed by Geert Hofstede and his successors. The intent is to verify the assumption that with the increase in GDP per capita the existing model of culture changes in the direction of the global unification. Expansion of the middle class leads to the individualization of society, increase in self-reliance and self-awareness. Society in each country as well as national culture evolve at their own pace and scope. Globalization and digitization in the 21st century, supported by social changes connected with the increase of income of the population lead to the modification of external culture.

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Kulturowe uwarunkowania komunikacji pomiędzy centralą a filiami w przedsiębiorstwach wielonarodowych i globalnych

Author(s): Małgorzata Dąbrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2015

The article is devoted to the problem of growth of transnational corporations in the context of globalization. As the cited literature points out the corporate culture is frequently in opposition with system of values shared by workers in subsidiaries in foreign countries. The phase of internationalization is linked to the investment degree, to the relative autonomy of offshoots. The article deals with the subject of organizational culture in multinational context, with the dissimilarities in management explained by national conditioning as well as it defines the relations between the central and the subsidiaries. The goal is to determine the model of communication where the the differences will be considered as an asset helping the development of entire enterprise in global dimension and where the performant network will replace the ancient hierarchy.

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A multimodal perspective on metaphors and metonymies in art: A case study of the artwork Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz

Author(s): Dorota Dąbrowska / Language(s): English Issue: 02 (13)/2016

The article is a semiotic study of the artistic installation Agora designed by a famous Polish sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz, based on the theoretical grounds of Cognitive Semantics. Metaphor and metonymy are conceptual processes whose communicative function is discussed in the paper, in particular, their role in deciphering possible meanings of the artwork. The paper also demonstrates how the multimodal analysis of the verbo-visual material can give rise to diverse interpretations of the figures.

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Zum Topos des „Gärtners” bei Leopold Staﬀ (Ogrodnicy)

Author(s): Monika Anna Noga / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2016

Te article discusses in detail a poem by Leopold Staﬀ entitled Ogrodnicy [Gardeners]. Te main object of the hermeneutic and structural analysis of this poem is the “topos of the gardener.” It appears in writings of authors strongly inﬂuenced by the classical tradition, and Staﬀ was a Neoclassicist. Te poem Ogrodnicy can be read as a text from this tradition. Its analysis is meant to characterize the topos of the gardener and point at the role of a modern poet and modern Polish literature.

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