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Departing from the criticisms that have been raised towards the volume Comparing Media Systems (Hallin and Mancini, 2004) I’ll try to discuss which consequences the adoption of the “concept” of system may imply for media studies, what its advantages are and what risks. The first part of the article is devoted to discussing how and when the notion of “system” has been used in political science starting from the work of Easton, Almond and Powell and many others. I’ll try to highlight which are the main points of strength and weakness and which definitions have been used. Then I’ll move to the field of communication studies: here I’ll show how there has been a shift from the study of the effects of the message towards a more general approach linking the media to the surrounding context. I will focus mainly on the work of Blumler and Gurvitch who have been among the first scholars to use such a concept in political communication comparative research. Particular attention will be devoted to the discussion of the notion of “system” as deriving from system theory and functionalist approach. The last part of the text is devoted to discussing similarities and differences in the use that political scientists and media scholars have made of the concept of “system”.
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The article deals with the relationship between the Western school education and literacy analyzed in an anthropological perspective, including cultural background of media and institutions responsible for their social distribution. Beginning with the research of the new literacy studies and anthropology of education, the author supports the claim redefining past definitions of literacy, that treats literacy as a technology of the body and not solely of intellect. Yet, the analysis of the bodily dimension of literacy would require not only taking into consideration the techniques of the body imposed by a specific materiality of writing, but especially the techniques imposed by a particular institutional context. In the school environment this context is associated with reading and writing which is disciplinary
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Russia’s largest search engine will tap its data-crunching power to send news quicker and more cheaply.
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Few independent voices remain after years of official moves against the press.
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This paper analyzes the importance of the freedom of the media and the freedom of expression as universal democratic values. The paper also highlights the greatest enemies of the freedom of the media, and contains the most important measures and criteria established by international organizations and institutions whose primary mission is fighting for the improvement of the freedom of the media and the freedom of expression worldwide. In addition, the paper processes the issue of censorship and self-censorship as restriction factors for the freedom of the media and the freedom of information.
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Community radio – the third, in addition to the commercial and public sector of broadcasting – has become a permanent element of the media landscape, especially in Western Europe. One of the key features which distinguish this sector is a high level of social involvement. In this article, the author tries to explain that this social involvement is not obvious, but a value which community radios had to continuously take care of and struggle for. Radio Spark from the University of Sunderland in Great Britain served here as an example. Inspiration to write this article came from a visit to The David Puttnam Media Centre, University of Sunderland, during which the author had a chance to see how this station functions, collect documents, as well as interview members of its board and volunteers collaborating with the station.
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The scope of research on media and mass communication consists of numerous research fields, among which different methodological paradigms can be used: phenomenological, psycho-sociological, socio-cultural, critical, rhetorical, cybernetic, economical, multicultural, participating. Research on media is done using behavioral, transmission, interaction and transactional approaches. Historians also point out that the development of media studies and social communication was connected with the progress of diverse paradigms in all of social sciences and humanities. Resolving the dilemma of what, how and in which direction to research was determined by episteme, created by the media dominating in the experience of social communication in the given era. The article is dedicated to the analysis of relations between media epistemology and the certainties accepted at different periods of development in media studies, stated problems and proposed methodological solutions.
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Media studies discipline is formally one of the youngest academic disciplines in Poland where social studies, humanities and technical sciences interconnect. In general, it is also perceived as a relatively young area of education. The discussion on the status and identity of media studies has started and will gain dynamics. Research centers with didactic ambitions are sprouting, conferences are being annually held, more and more publications and periodicals dedicated to mass media and their influence on reality are being published. All these aspects make it necessary for media scholars to state the bare rudiments of – the identity – of this new “old” discipline – media studies: establishing its goals, terms, theoretical foundations and research methodology. A structure of the discipline must be built based on, in its eclecticism and interdisciplinarity, three pillars – social studies, humanities and sciences. It should play a crucial role in the process of discovering and understanding the reality, which surrounds us and seems to be all the more mediatized, mediated and dependant on the ever-present mass media. Before the annual June conference of the Institute of Journalism of the University of Warsaw, the year 2012 being dedicated to the identity of media studies, the editorial board of “Media Studies” presents an article by Marek Jabłonowski and Tomasz Gackowski dedicated to this topic, with the voice of Maciej Mrozowski initiating the discussion.
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Szűts Zoltán: Online. Az internetes kommunikáció és média története, elmélete és jelenségei. Wolters Kluwer, Budapest, 2018. 488 oldal, 3990 Ft
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