Convergence Journalism and the Public Interest: The Case of Croatian Public Radio Television (HRT

Author(s): Tena Perišin / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2013

This text deals with the transformation of Croatia’s public service, Croatian Radio Television in the context of the integrated media and building a converged newsroom. I compare the newsroom workflow at HRT with the daily routines of its strongest commercial competitor – Nova TV and the good practices of selected public service companies. At the end of 2012 the public service media provider, Croatian Radio Television (HRT) published a new set of rules and regulations and announced its reorganisation. The new HRT is primarily looking for a new approach to the media and wishes to show that a public service is no longer just radio and television, but a joint effort which acts as new media. According to the new restructuring plan, the greatest challenge is to establish the convergent integrated newsroom and consequently the establishment of a single news media service. In view of its resources: technical, human and financial, but also in view of the modes of financing (TV licence fees and advertisements), it is naturally expected for Croatian Radio Television not only to become a role model media that provides accurate, authentic information in the public interest, but also to endorse innovation and the use of new technologies. An enormous effort has to be undertaken to prove that the convergence is not only about the quantity of journalistic content, but also could bring quality. HRT is at the beginning of the changing process, yet its goals and vision have not been communicated effectively. Most of the HRT staff has not embraced the new vision, nor the professional, economic, and logic argumentation that stands behind it. Most of them are sceptical and this can slow down the speed of integration. It seems that for HRT, it is not enough just to have a restructuring plan in place, but also a well thought out plan of how to break down the resistance of its employees and motivate them to abandon old habits. There is a lot to be done to create a working environment that could fulfil the proclaimed mission to produce high-quality, trusted and varied journalism (media content) that serves the society and democracy.

RETORIČKI ELEMENTI U IZJAVAMA GLASNOGOVORNIKA

Author(s): Sanela Kuko / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 07/2012

Rhetoric is the practical implementation of the rules of beautiful speech, i.e the application of the rules of rhetoric in the speech. Modern science essentially relies on the ancient idea by defining that keys to a successful speech are what is being said, who says it and how. Modern rhetoric leaves the orator with the possibility to choose or decide by him/ herself how he/she will structure his speech. Speech is direct, immediate and personal. We analyse speech by using our eyes and ears, gesticulation, timbre, intonation, the speech elements that will also make an impression. There are three components of speech communication used in public relations: speaking, listening and interaction. A good spokesperson should master the skill of speaking, exercise voice and pronunciation. Having regarded that television is a mass media through which the communication is directed at the general public, therefore the audience is heterogeneous, dispersed and orators must pay attention to their linguistic choices but also the non-verbal message that will remain long in the memory of viewers. The way of speech should be clear. Orator is to use words and language that are known to all, or at least to audience he/she is addressing. Discourse is balanced and in line with content when appropriate term is selected. Speaking on television implies three types of communication: non-verbal, paraverbal and verbal communication. Conversation implies two levels of communication: the subject addressed or content and communication ratio, in other words, how we accept the information. Spokespersons are individuals, but in the context of the institution they represent the “assume” certain social roles and act accordingly. The paper analyzes the statements of spokesperson by analysing of verbal and nonverbal communication, public speech, i. e, speech in the context of television appearances and the way of speech on the given examples.

Nezadovoljni Hrvati

Author(s): Milan Vego / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 64-65/2012

Kao najmalobrojniji narod u Bosni i Hercegovini Hrvati se nalaze u neprestanom strahu od majorizacije, posebno u F ederaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. U Republici Srpskoj od prijeratnih 220 tisuća Hrvata danas ih ima samo oko 11,5 tisuća. Inače, broj Hrvata u Bosni i Hercegovini, prepolovljen je u odnosu na posljednji popis od 1991. g. Problem je toliko aktualiziran da se u posljednje vrijeme i od predstavnika druga dva konstitutivna naroda sve više čuje da se treba ispraviti ova nepravda. Stanje je dovedeno do usijanja nakon posljednjih izbora kada su SDP i SDA uz pomoć Visokog predstavnika izbornim inženjeringom formirali vlast u F ederaciji uz pomoć minornih hrvatskih stranaka. Hrvatski narod je svoje povjerenje na izborima dao HDZ BiH i HDZ 1990. g., ali jednostavno nije poštovana volja hrvatskog naroda iskazana na izborima. Slično je stanje u medijskom sustavu ove zemlje, gdje su Hrvati jednostavno preglasani u svim institucijama prilikom transformacije RTV Bosne i Hercegovine. Autor istražuje i analizira medije na kojima se govori hrvatskim jezikom, ukazuje i na pitanje opstanka mnogih medija zbog nebrige političkih i drugih predstavnika hrvatskog naroda. Istraživanje je obavljeno u oblasti RTV sustava. U epistemološkom pogledu autor je postavio tri teze: U Bosni i Hercegovini je najmanje medija na kojima se govori hrvatskim jezikom, Hrvati kao konstitutivan narod u Bosni i Hercegovini, po svim europskim konvencijama, Univerzalnoj deklaraciji UN i drugim dokumentima, imaju pravo na svoj materinski jezik u medijima, te nije opravdano to ne dopustiti s obrazloženjem za pretenzijama za trećim entitetom, konačno, nebriga pojedinih političkih predstavnika hrvatskog naroda dovela je dobrim dijelom do ovakvog stanja.

Werbung als Kommunikationsform in Mediasch: Inserate sächsischer Firmen in der rumänischen Lokalpresse der Zwischenkriegszeit

Author(s): Cornel Crăciun / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1997

Werbung soll zwangfrei, durch rational nachvollziehbare Information und das Gemüt ansprechende Suggestion dazu beitragen, daß der Absatz einer Ware gesteigert, zur Inanspruchnahme einer Leistung angeregt, eine Marktstellung gegenüber Konkurrenten ausgebaut oder verteidigt wird. Objekte der Werbung sind Waren oder Leistungen, Werbesubjekte deren potentielle Käufer, als Werbeträger werden die Medien, unter ihnen und in der Zwischenkriegszeit vor allem die Zeitungen, in Anspruch genommen. Die Werbung soll und will ihr Objekt, die Ware oder Leistung, einem möglichst breiten Kreis von Subjekten nahebringen, ungeachtet ihrer sozialen oder ethnischen Herkunft. Sie versucht deshalb, auf die potentiellen Kunden einzugehen, sich ihrem Denken, ihren Ansprüchen, ihrem Kaufverhalten, auch ihrem Selbst- und Fremdbild durch wirksame Information und Suggestion anzupassen. Daraus ergibt sich eine Wechselwirkung, die in pluriethnischen Gebieten durchaus auch zur Kommunikation zwischen Bevölkerungsgruppen unterschiedlicher nationaler, religiöser und kultureller Herkunft beitragen kann, weil Werbung das jeweilige „Bild des anderen“ in ihre Strategie mit einbeziehen muß.

FULL PARALLAX INTEGRAL 3D DISPLAY AND IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Author(s): Seokmin Hong,Donghak Shin,Han Yuan Dong,Byung-Gook Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2014

Purpose – Full parallax integral 3D display is one of the promising future displays that provide different perspectives according to viewing direction. In this paper, the authors review the recent integral 3D display and image processing techniques for improving the performance, such as viewing resolution, viewing angle, etc. Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, to improve the viewing resolution of 3D images in the integral imaging display with lenslet array, the authors present 3D integral imaging display with focused mode using the time-multiplexed display. Compared with the original integral imaging with focused mode, the authors use the electrical masks and the corresponding elemental image set. In this system, the authors can generate the resolution-improved 3D images with the n×n pixels from each lenslet by using n×n time-multiplexed display. Secondly, a new image processing technique related to the elemental image generation for 3D scenes is presented. With the information provided by the Kinect device, the array of elemental images for an integral imaging display is generated. Findings – From their first work, the authors improved the resolution of 3D images by using the time-multiplexing technique through the demonstration of the 24 inch integral imaging system. Authors’ method can be applied to a practical application. Next, the proposed method with the Kinect device can gain a competitive advantage over other methods for the capture of integral images of big 3D scenes. The main advantage of fusing the Kinect and the integral imaging concepts is the acquisition speed, and the small amount of handled data. Originality / Value – In this paper, the authors review their recent methods related to integral 3D display and image processing technique.

Между държавата и популярната култура: превъплъщения на национализма в медиите

Author(s): Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 39/2012

The text traces the relationship between media and nationalism before and after Bulgaria’s accession to the EU on 1 January 2007. The analysis is focused on several main tendencies. Many state institutions produced an offi cialized version of ‘modern nationalism’ promoting it as a top priority politic. The state, however, was not able to retain its leading position in the formation of national identity. On the on hand, the boom of social media and networks encouraged nationalist self-organization on the internet. On the other hand, advertising, popular culture and sports were gradually turning national identity into commercial product of the cultural industry. Special attention is given to the hidden similarities between ‘high’ offi cial identity discourse and its reworked versions in the sphere of popular culture.

Demokracja a media

Author(s): Paweł Pasionek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2008

Democracy is to be in the service of people, but not vice versa, as it is nothing else but a means, not an end. On the other hand, media-men must be aware of being servants of a society, not decision-makers who determine principles which should be respected by people in their conduct. As citizens they should care about advancing common good. Moreover, the profession they chose places them under obligation to do so automatically. Undoubtedly, people expect the media-men be their authentic guides, who in the flood of information are able to choose and systemize ones of the highest importance. The media-men then are the eyes of citizens, who are not in a position to follow many essential events, but rely on media accounts. Certainly, a great responsibility rests upon media-men, because they decide - supplying society with information - in what extent common good is present in the social life.

Responsibility and bad taste. German journalist teaches Poles tolerance

Author(s): Michał Karnowski / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2012

Quite a few German journalists take for granted the flattering words directed at them by fellow journalists from Gazeta Wyborcza [Poland’s leftist daily, Ed.]. Some of them were mightily surprised when they discovered that there are journalists in Poland who are not lying prostrate before them in spite of all the money poured into Poland by Germans, all the grants and fellowships meant to educate the locals. After all this, is it possible that not everyone has been properly trained? Alas.

REKLÂM BİR SANAT MIDIR?

Author(s): Birgül Alici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 01/2014

From Ancient times to almost until the late period of the New Age, ‘art’ and ‘craft’ were not thought as separate concepts, but with the emergence of "fine arts" as a term, the notion of art began to seem different from technical objects and processes. Attributing very different meanings especially to the concept of art in historical period helped various art movements emerge and this situation also gave birth to the discussion of what art is and what it is not. In this context, this study gives a brief summary of views about the interpretation of the concept of art and craft in ancient ages; the emergence of the distinction between the concept of art and craft in the industrial age; conversion of art by interlacing with goods again with a technique almost like recycling in the technology age and opinions about the aspect of art and craft in advertising. This study tried to find answers by asking at first what art and craft is by following historical process and then by asking whether advertising is art or craft The opinion that art should have moral, psychological or sociological objectives has led to changes such as liberating the artist in art. It is concluded that advertising which serves to production-consumption cycle and distinct from purpose and characteristic of art used art as a tool and cause changes and consequently it is not art.

Czy media są sprzymierzeńcem narodu?

Author(s): Krystyna Czuba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 8/1996

„WSPÓLNE DZIEDZICTWO” JAKO KRONIKA ŚRODOWISKA POLSKIEGO W KRZEMIEŃCU

Author(s): Janusz Gołota / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

The article analyzes the content of the Polish journal Common Heritage („Wspolne Dziedzictwo”) published in Krzemieniec (Ukraine) in 2001-2004. The considerations are divided into four subject fields: the presentation of the journal, the religious life of the Polish Catholic community, the Polish historical and cultural past, and the daily life of Krzemieniec and its inhabitants. The main part of texts traces and searches for a place of the Polish community of 220 persons in the town of 22,000 inhabitants, and refers to issues which bring together or differ from each other the Polish and Ukrainian nations, even the veiled case of the Wolyn slaughter which is usually eliminated from every day conversations.

Odstupanje od istine: Problem zloupotrebe. Dva karakteristična primjera

Author(s): Amila Šljivo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2012

This paper deals with two typical examples demonstrating the effects of falsehoods in cases where there was insufficient reason to doubt the truth of the matter: the Sokolov “hound,” and the Jewell case. The first relates to the scientific media and community, the second to flawed assumptions by journalists investigating a certain event. The former was a clear case of trust in the work and ethical conduct of a scientific authority, while in the second, press reports were based on unreliable information. Both related to an incident, and are thus typical cases for a scientific analysis of published untruths. They are also cautionary, in that in the first case, falsehood was used in the process of discovering the truth, while the second was an example of media eagerness to accuse and judge leading journalists down the path of misrepresentation and gross violation of privacy.

Mediji u suvremenom društvu

Author(s): Martina Planinić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 81-82/2015

The media in modern globalised society play a basic role by participating daily in people’s lives, influencing social phenomena and processes, as well as the state, society and the individual. The media are also the main drivers within transitional societies. The relationship between the media and the society is an extremely complex one. The fact that the most important interest, political and financial groups are trying to influence and control key media outlets is enough to understand the significance and the impact of modern media. Often called the fourth estate, the media, through their real power, determine social relationships, shape identities and model life styles and values. The key question is what role do the media play today, in what way are they participating in and influencing social changes and processes, and to what extent and how strongly do they influence the state, the society and the individual.

Baudrillard, zaokret pretjerivanjem

Author(s): Anselm Jappe / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 18/2013

Kad bismo htjeli razvrstati koncepte koji se danas upotrebljavaju na najpovršniji način, na vrhu popisa bilo bi svakako »društvo spektakla «. Onaj tko že li dati do znanja da nije baš lud za medijima, ubacit će taj izraz između rečenica, možda i ne znajući da je to bio naslov glavne knjige Guya Deborda, objavljene 1967. No ako postoji ijedan izraz ko ji bi »društvu spektakla« mo gao konkurirati, u neodređe no kritičnom govoru o štetnosti masovnih medija, vjerojatno će to biti »simulacrum« Jeana Baudrillarda, ili neki njegov drugi izraz. Naime često se ta dva autora povezuju kao autori ko ji su navodno dali najneumoljivije dijagnoze o utjecaju medija na suvremeno društvo. I Baudrillarda se često gleda kao Debordovog nastavljača, ili Deborda kao Baudril lardovog prethodnika.

Tekuća demokracija i digitalni urođenici – Piratenpartei kao izazov njemačkoj demokraciji

Author(s): Damir Velički / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

The article analyses the main characteristics of a new German political party – Piratenpartei, its genesis and the impact it has already had on German politics. The success of this party, which now has representatives in the Parliament of Berlin and four more regional parliaments in Germany city council, is an indication of the importance of the Internet, as well as of the need to address new issues on the political agenda. Some of these issues involve free access to information, as well as the need for abandoning periodical elections as the main method of citizens’ involvement in politics. Instead, the Piratenpartei, as well as other similar parties in northern Europe, advocates a more permanent and direct involvement of people in the decision-making process. This is defined as the concept of “liquid democracy”. The Piratenpartei has influenced the German political scene by forcing other political parties to adopt their programmes if they wish to preserve their influence in German politics. This is particularly important for the younger generation of voters, who are now increasingly using the Internet as an instrument of political activism.

Javnost kao medij demokracije

Author(s): Tomo Jantol / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

As the medium of democracy, the Public is a communicational trace of the missing Collective Sovereign: the People or Demos. In political life, we often refer to the People, but in reality the People does not make a community. It is instead a notion, a missing Sovereign, the one who exists as concept but does not speak for oneself. The community is yet to be established, and this can be done only by communication. The aim of such communication is to formulate norms, rules and principles which are to be implemented or encouraged in public life. On a more normative level, this can be done in the process of writing a Constitution. The other objective is to discuss the concept of public good. This is left to communicational functions of the Public. The concept of the Public is left to citizens, who communicate with other citizens, and thus create public opinion. By doing that, the Public is here to remind the government that somebody else is to be Sovereign, i.e. that there is also the People. The Public is thus a substitute for the “missing Sovereign”. There can be no Democracy without this role of the Public.

Tihi glas, ujutro u Americi: izborna kampanja 2011. u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Suzana Kunac,Martina Andrijević,Dražen Lalić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

The paper presents results of the research into main messages of the 2011 parliamentary election campaign in Croatia. Contents analysis of television adverts and billboards show that the campaign was defined more by utilitarian marketing than by ambition to improve the democratic process and enhance debate on important social issues. In interpreting the results, we use the theoretical approach of Americanization, developed in the framework of contemporary political communication. The research has shown that there has been much more modernization in communication skills and technics used during the campaign, and much less when it comes to political contents. The paradox of this campaign was that it failed to focus on issues such as economic crisis and the struggle against corruption, although there has been a wide consensus that these were the main issues of political and social life at the time of elections.

EU nije YU – EU je fora: Analiza predreferendumskih televizijskih spotova Vlade RH za ulazak Hrvatske u Europsku uniju

Author(s): Zlatan Krajina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

In this paper I analyse narratives and discourses mobilised in the prime-time videos Croatian Government aired on national television channels prior to the country’s EU referendum, in which citizens were to be informed on the possible advantages and disadvantages of Croatia’s accession to the EU. I adopt a double focus. First, I seek to identify some of the key communicative forms utilised in those videos for purposes of achieving the electoral consent to Croatia’s entrance in the EU. Second, I discuss the significance of those videos for an understanding of Croatian government’s relationship with citizens, that is, for the overall democratic process in which part of sovereignty is to be transferred to the supra-national level. By deconstructing linguistic (audiovisual) dynamics within the featured videos, I identify typical discursive components across the featured videos, that is, the implicit power relation between the producer of the videos (the Government) and the addressees (citizens), as articulated in the thematic consistencies (a systematic absence of the outcomes of EU entry negotiations) and structural patterns (a ‘person in the street’ performs posing a question to the camera and an anonymous voice responds through denial, ridicule or diversion from the posed question) within the analysed videos. My research suggests that the videos served not as information platforms (which they were supposedly designed to be) but as Government’s propaganda. Instead of balanced information on Croatia’s entry to the EU, the Government aired commercially formed advertisements in which it was ‘selling’ the alleged benefits of accession, guaranteed by nothing else but the mere ‘entry’. Instead of demonstrating the results of Croatian negotiations with the EU, the videos told stories about miraculous economic welfares achieved by some of the member states. I contextualise the videos with reference to wider debates on political communications concerning the pre-accession period in some other member states, and to the legacy of authoritarian communications of the elites with the citizens in the specific Croatian context.

Komparativna analiza postsocijalističkih medijskih sustava

Author(s): Zrinjka Peruško / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

The text develops a new theoretical model for the analysis of post-socialist media systems in European third wave democracies. The five-dimensional theoretical framework of Hallin and Mancini (2004) is expanded with the approach of historical institutionalism and path dependency in order to explain the convergence and divergence of media systems in three key time periods. The model distinguishes between three distinctive historical periods in the development of media systems, consequences of three key critical historical junctures – modernization and democratic revolutions in the 19th century, socialist period, and the post-socialist period of new democracies. Thus the analysis includes, in addition to the first period of modernization that is crucial in the development of media systems in Western Europe (Hallin and Mancini, 2004), for the first time and explicitly also the socialist period and the contemporary period of post-socialist democratic media systems.

Politika, društvo spektakla i medijska konstrukcija realnosti

Author(s): Hajrudin Hromadžić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2013

This article analyses the phenomena of spectacularisation, tabloidisation and celebrity culture and their appearance in politics and political arena. It looks at models of the media construction of social reality within the concept of the society of the spectacle. The author argues that celebrity culture as a part of media spectacle is not void of ideologies, but rather the opposite: it is led by market-based ideologies, by desire of commercial sectors in media and advertising to make profit and by commercialisation of politics. Thus, the phenomena that are central to this article are the evidence of the prevailing form of hegemony, which characterises liberal democracy and neoliberal consumerism.