Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-EU Criticizes Russia’s ‘Foreign Agent’ Media Law
Several major media outlets, such as RFE, VOA, and Deutsche Welle, might be subjected to stricter controls and requirements.
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Several major media outlets, such as RFE, VOA, and Deutsche Welle, might be subjected to stricter controls and requirements.
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Police say Afgan Mukhtarli illegally crossed the Georgian border, while he claims to have been abducted from Tbilisi.
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Development of mass communication evolution is full of unprecedented unanalogous cultural and communicational metamorphoses, with new cultural practices and behavioral changes. Through various kind of mass media, e-reading has become the main communication activity in modern mediatized society. This article is an attempt to reveal the modern media determined dimensions of the transformations in reading, based on some two sociological researches, conducted in 2015 by the leadership of Dobrinka Peicheva within the research project at the South West University.
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The paper focuses on the topic of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the international migration phenomenon According to the discussed literature, there is an impression that ICTs change the essence of migration and monitoring of migration flows. It also suggests that migration and migrants’ needs shape the development of ICT services intended to them, but they also shape the content of social media.The impact of new technologies on international migration (before migration, during migration and upon arrival in the country of destination) has been dis-cussed through an overview of empirical research findings in Serbia and other countries. In this context, the ICT users relevant to the migration process (indi-viduals and interest groups) have been more closely determined and discussed, the aspects of the relations between ICTs and migration have been highlighted, as well as their implications for individuals and society.The considered aspects of relations of ICTs and international migration at differ-ent stages of the migration process and their severe implications for individuals and society, in our opinion, point to the need for cooperation of users of infor-mation and communication technologies relevant to the migration process in different domains ‒ the spheres of influence of ICTs. We believe that is how the potential of ICTs will be exploited in an adequate way, for benefit of both ‒ migrants and other relevant interested parties. While widely accepted by individuals, information and communication technolo-gies have just begun to be recognized as important for migration policy in Serbia and generally, in terms of their opportunities and challenges.In Serbia, only recently (as of the 2011 Census) there has been data available on the use of ICTs by certain migrant groups (long-term settled refugees from former Yugoslav republics). Also, the qualitative surveys on the use of ICTs during the migration by transit asylum seekers have recently started. That can also be said for the research, where ICTs serve for gaining knowledge on migrants and attitudes towards immigrants.Although not voluminous, academic literature on the use and implications of ICTs use in the migration process in Serbia points to greater use of ICTs by cer-tain groups of migrants (long-term settled refugees from former Yugoslavia) in relation to the local population. There are also generational and gender differ-ences in the use of ICTs by migrants. When it comes to transit asylum seekers in Serbia, the use of ICTs at various stages of migration and for various purposes (among them are the selection of the country of destination, the route of move-ment, but also contact with other migrants and smugglers) is observed.
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Purpose of Article. The purpose of the article is to study the international experience of the development of state positive image and the ways to increase consumer’s interest to its products taking into account Ukrainian tendencies. Methodology. The author uses general scientific and culturological methods such as analysis, comparison, historicity etc. It allows the author to cover the main features and the evolution of the experience of image creation in different countries. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research consists in defining the perspective tasks of the cultural-informational activities of Ukraine on the creation of its own image, among which there are extension of cooperation between Ukrainian institutes (organisations) and cultural-information centers of other countries, participation in various international projects, the realization of the common cultural-art programs, the promotion of Ukrainian media in the world networks, the broadcasting in foreign of languages etc. Conclusions. Ukraine has to pursue an active, even in some way aggressive informational policy on its image creation. It will contribute to its integration into the world cultural processes. The nearest great opportunity to fulfill this task is the Eurovision Song Contest or «Eurovision-2017», where we can show the best achievements of our country and use the positive potential of cross-cultural cooperation.
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The article considers the impact of political censorship on the development of a popular scientific genre in the USSR in 1960—1980-s. Not only the official censorship presented by «Glavlit» (Main Administration for Safeguarding State Secrets in the Press) but also various forms of party and state control is analyzed. Various forms of scientific promoting, including literature, scientific cinema and television are investigated.
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Like other landmark historic events, the war on the territory of former Yugoslavia has been explained by three types of theories: mythological, scientific and common-sensical, the latter making use of certain pseudoscientific arguments. The author claims that the theory blaming the media in all six republics of former Yugoslavia for the outbreak of the war belongs to the latter type. The empirical findings gathered on the eve of the war show that ethnic tolerance was highest in the republics which were later struck by the war: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The author provides an alternative explanation of the role of the media in paving the way for the war. Only in Serbia did mass media, in the circumstances of the prevailing authoritarian orientation of the population before the war, serve to the aggressive nationalist leadership for political mobilization, which aroused in the Serbian people a feeling of impediment and a sense of omnipotence. After the outbreak of the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the media have been only one of the elements in an ever-expanding spiral of hatred and violence.
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Recent research on problematic Facebook use has highlighted the need to develop a specific theory-driven measure to assess this potential behavioral addiction. The aim of the present study was to examine the factorial validity of the Problematic Facebook Use Scale (PFUS) adapted from Caplan’s Generalized Problematic Internet Scale model. Methods: A total of 1,460 Italian adolescents and young adults (aged 14–29 years) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in order to assess the factorial validity of the scale. Results: Results revealed that the factor structure of the PFUS provided a good fit to the data. Furthermore, results of the multiple group analyses supported the invariance of the model across age and gender groups. Discussion and conclusions: This study provides evidence supporting the factorial validity of the PFUS. This new scale provides a theory-driven tool to assess problematic use of Facebook among male and female adolescents and young adults.
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Directive 98/34/EC is an important instrument intended to ensure the transparency of the policies of EU Member States with regard to the EU internal market. It is particularly designed to protect the freedoms of the internal market. This Directive lays down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards, regulations and rules on information services. The importance of notifying national executive measures, which come within the scope of the Directive 98/34/EC, has become more important given the serious consequences associated with the neglect of this duty subject to the European Court of Justice. National executive measures which have not been notified by Member States, cannot be invoked in national courts against private entities, therefore the qualification of the national executive measures as “technical standards”, “regulations” or “rules” on information services is of major importance and raises a lot of questions with regard to interpretation. In Poland such questions have been raised in connection with the application of the Law on Games of Chance, to the “products” (low-prize gaming machines), as well as to the “information society services” (online betting). These issues are analysed in this paper.
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How to preach the Good News so that the people remember from our message not only the word “bad” or “evil”? The issue of the priests involved in the ministry of healing and exorcisms turns regularly up in the media as a bad penny. The dispute does not concerns the issue whether to inform about spiritual threats but how to do this effectively. Paul Evdokimov, an orthodox theologian, wrote in his book: “Christianity is a march of life across the cemeteries of the world”. The focus should be on the expression “march of life”. It makes no sense to be concerned solely about the “cemeteries of the world” and about the long list of spiritual threats with no mention about the most important reality: Christ’s victory over death.
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In the modern world mass media are one of the most powerful instrument of influencing others. They can be used ether for good of a man or for his detriment; they can serve society or destroy it. Mass media are also an instrument of peace or war in the world. They are instrument of peace when they are an instrument of truth and promote justice among people, and serve the common good. They become an instrument of war when they lye, destroy social and religious values, promote social conflict. The main duty of the journalist is writing the truth. To fulfil this role he has to be free. Also for that reason he cannot be at direct service of the politicians, who usually are willing to use this instrument for their own good or the good of their parties; a journalist should not pursuit of the sensation, which usually serve for nothing positive.
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Symbolic screen product is aimed at the analysis of consciousness. The set of existential components of this process leads to make this appointment values, to distinguish the facts of identity under which the unique nature of man comes. Peculiar way to search through hidden sensual intuitive phenomenon becomes permeable for knowledge, and sometimes revealing inner peace. The sign of screen space art, its texture, is a borderland between the real and the unthinkable, a prerequisite for future implementations, the characteristic feature of the principles of human existence. Their reality and realism push for action, language features, in short, of configuration model with the presence of a primary language and the visual embodiment of reflection. This metaphorical image correlation rules defined meaning forms. Mirror images of screen art is seductive, they represent the possibility of another world, the potentiality of human strength, release one of the hallmarks of contemporary culture that is designated strategic and screen art – a tendency to mock images. The screen with the philosophical inclinations of speech acts and text experience, thinking, cultural and artistic experience. Its objective form of social and cultural experiences, as opposed to the classic screen, creates not a discrete entity, but reflects the imaginative world. Postmodern currents made it clear a new typology of artistic thinking from multiple semantic effects of being in the world. Eclectic mix of random mosaic screen makes our everyday life somewhere far away from traditionalism. Predetermined elements of culture that are not connected with the integrity and the number of common and cannot be combined. This separation prevents a certain direction, but offers intercultural dialogue. These movements correspond to the modern trend of postmodernism, where the unpredictability of storylines leading performance anywhere. An alternative to the traditional situational pass through consciousness and awareness of the viewer. After all, the mere reproduction of such products is unconventional. So the whole "complex" is created and distributed through listener-viewer. Symbolization of culture in postmodern contexts is made of metaphorical signs of this action created in a global intertext, and the most importantly it promotes postmodern. Defining the world as a unity of symbolic systems combined activities of languages, R. Barth did not realize that "thinking and productive language" as only a temporary structuralism activities. F. Sollers in "Drama" is a replacement for the traditional process of reading "newness novel" – storyline replacement literary text on juggling pronouns... Just play screen commune forms of identity rests on the executioner style intrigue. "Simulacrum", so imitated nature of the character is building a screen culture. Spectator recipient is covered by a causal interest in his intuition as the agent novelty as an emotional stimulus, enjoying the unknown. A follower of Z. Freud and D. Jung emphasized the "continued innovation supports the understanding of emotions (e.g., interest) and inhibits emotions that lower saturation stimulation (joy, shame). This principle makes it possible to experience periods of agitation in connection with objects that have properties quite complex, new or uncertain ". Screen Arts is the opposite of the prevailing forms where culturally-artistic contexts transmitted through vision. According to Freud, the essence of the whole organic is the repetition of retroreviving, the discovery of the well-known. Satisfaction serial characters and skepticism forgiving viewer distinguish, therefore, the art form of screen product as code symbols on the screen, combined with a highly conscious human intelligence. Structural character screen becomes overbearing, manipulative, communicative and representative form of on-screen product. Representing Reality discards moment anonymity inherent in a silver screen. Value is expressed outside screen product. Culturological screen product is connected with chain of codes, "each chain being captured fragments of chains, from which it produces surplus value, the code orchid extract the configuration of the axis. This is the phenomenon of surplus value code". On-screen display of psychoanalysis focuses semantic advantages of value orientations of human life, as well as the contrast shows antypsyhoanalysis. Modern screen "straitened" commitment to the vital principles of human virtues. Impersonality as a video reflection on the ideals of post-industrial society is losing cognitive interest: everyday practices of human moral lose their meaningfulness.
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Excessive use of social networking sites (SNS) has recently been conceptualized as a behavioral addiction (i.e., “disordered SNS use”) using key criteria for the diagnosis of substance dependence and shown to be associated with a variety of impairments in psychosocial functioning, including an increased risk of problem drinking. This study sought to characterize associations between “disordered SNS use” and attitudes towards alcohol, drinking motives, and adverse consequences resulting from alcohol use in young adults. Methods: Undergraduate students (n = 537, 64.0% female, mean age = 19.63 years, SD = 4.24) reported on their use of SNSs and completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Temptation and Restraint Inventory, Approach and Avoidance of Alcohol and Drinking Motives Questionnaires, and Drinker Inventory of Consequences. Results: Respondents meeting previously established criteria for “disordered SNS use” were significantly more likely to use alcohol to cope with negative affect and to conform to perceived social norms, reported significantly more conflicting (i.e., simultaneous positive and negative) attitudes towards alcohol, and had experienced significantly more, and more frequent adverse consequences from drinking in their inter- and intrapersonal, physical, and social functioning, compared to individuals without problems related to SNS use. Discussion and conclusions: Findings add to an emerging body of literature suggesting a link between excess or maladaptive SNS use and problems related to alcohol in young adults and point to emotion dysregulation and coping motives as potential shared risk factors for substance and behavioral addictions in this demographic.
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Social casino games (SCGs) feature gambling themes and are typically free to download and play with optional in-game purchases. Although few players spend money, this is sufficient to make them profitable for game developers. Little is known about the profile and motivations of paying players as compared to non-paying players. Methods: This study compared the characteristics of 521 paying and non-paying Australian social casino game players who completed an online survey. Results: Paying players were more likely to be younger, male, speak a non-English language, and have a university education than non-payers. Paying players were more likely to be more highly involved in SCG in terms of play frequency and engagement with games and emphasized social interaction more strongly as a motivation for playing. A cluster analysis revealed distinct subgroups of paying players; these included more frequent moderate spenders who made purchases to avoid waiting for credits and to give gifts to friends as well as less frequent high spenders who made purchases to increase the entertainment value of the game. Discussion: These findings suggest that paying players have some fundamental differences from non-paying players and high spenders are trying to maximize their enjoyment, while non-spenders are content with the game content they access. Conclusions: Given the structural similarities between SCG and online gambling, understanding subgroups of players may have broader implications, including identifying characteristics of gamers who may also engage in gambling and players who may develop problems related to excessive online gaming.
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His primary source, as a multimeaning word, term " violence" owes its roots in the audio – visual media from the definition of "culture war." Incorporating all the contradictory experience of mankind, its transformative lessons, it is no longer uniquely opposite category to the "culture of peace". Its philosophical and conceptual dimension is contradictory dialectiction, the transition from one quality to another, the dynamics of many aspects. Sociopsychological and socio- ethical aspects of these unilateral form cons screen "hero" with the aggressive nature,militaristic spirit, stereotyped image of the enemy. Concept of "culture war" was created with UNESCO Declaration on the culture of peace, the Programme of Action in the field of culture of peace. Their aim – to promote a global movement of transition from a culture of war and violence to a culture of peace. Calls to non-violence in the third millennium able to generate values such as peacefulness, peace, tolerance, non- aggressive thinking and non-aggressive behavior. This new understanding of latitude amplitude of peacekeeping, not only between the public, but also socio-cultural group of countries with the highest regard first of all cultural and national characteristics. Staying within the human society, violence successfully took its place in the mass media content. Especially the "winner" of its location appears in audiovisual production. And not only the saturation of "pictures" on the screen, and the power of this form of human activity. Unfortunately, catharsis did not sacrifice public acquisition. It is a tribute to old versions mythologizing violence. However, against the fierce mythological character "naturalization ofaggression and violence", modernity is characterized by specific manifestations of human cruelty. Erich Fromm called this situation "human passions", which are inherent to the social determinants of human being – violence. Multidirectional forms of violence caused by multitheoretical approaches to its understanding. There was some violence classification offered by Russian scientist G. Kozyrev: on violent forms of interaction, created loss, conflict subjects. Scientists identify as cultural violence "aspect of culture that can be used to legalize violence in its direct and structural forms". The genesis of the problems of violence clearly traced in the direction of contemporary audiovisual media content. The historical part of modern society, unfortunately, undoubtedly provided a constant value known as philosophical statements of Heraklit: " War – [polemos] – the father of all, the king of all: some it makes the gods, others – people, creates some slaves and some free ones", and according to Aristotle: "The violence is a coercion, and this is something that hinders and interferes in anything contrary to the wishes of necessity, so it is also harder". Political traditions, in particular, facilitate the transition to the monopolization of violence from government and law. The modern theory of violence makes an emphasis in the field of political philosophy. The world has embraced as a solid social arrangement. The philosopher Hobbes talks about the impossibility of peaceful coexistence of human existence by virtue of the nature of enmity to one another. This essence of human nature itself lies at the genetic, instinctive level. The idea that human existence is its natural law philosopher John Locke argued in "Two treatises of government". By "social contract" J. J. Rousseau theoretically grounded civil society, making an emphasis on the legal rights of the individual. Made by legal philosophers the foundation of violence laid today as the basis of the constitutional rights of many social groups. Only Kant was proclaimed the eternal law of peace and creation on the basis of its allied relations between people and nations. Here, "even the smallest state could expect their security and rights not from their own forces, but only from a great union of peoples". Dissonant sound of another philosopher actually equates the balance of world postulates on this topic: Hegel wrote: "The war keeps healthy morality of the people in relation to their indifferent certainty to their familiarity and rooting, just as the motion of the wind prevents the lake from the decay that threatens them with long-term comfort, as well as people – long, or, worse, eternal peace". J. Sorel in "Reflections on Violence" talks about proletarian violence: humanity and kindness is the promotion gimmicks that dominate market relations in society. Today, as reflected in the media and on video – modern society distinguishes its violence essence. But in fact the traditions are immutable: change only the type of offenders and their type of crime. Mass encountered in craftiness, they deserve in society more forgiving attitude. There is "a film adaptation of " artistic, journalistic, documentary works with a clear preponderance of violence in the images of intense creative images. Such "intellectuality" of the criminality was not yet known in the history of mass media, but now is widely seen in wars, terrorist attacks, social "squares". The sad conclusion of F. Furet, French historian: " If you add up the total list of famous authors who at different times were communists or sympathized with communism were the nazis or sympathized with fascism, then we get the current Gotha almanac of intellectual, scientific and literary elite". Everyday life is not worth to deduct to the dissatisfaction of culture. The new phenomenon is that modernity created between violence its hero.
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How best to conceptualize problematic pornography use (PPU) and intervene most effectively remain debated, with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and addiction frameworks. We investigated the efficacy of the serotonin-reuptake inhibitor paroxetine in combination with cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of problematic pornography use (PPU). Case presentation: Three heterosexual males with PPU were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy and paroxetine. Frequency of pornography use, other sexual behaviors, and anxiety were assessed during treatment. Discussion: Paroxetine treatment, although seemingly initially effective in reducing pornography use and anxiety, appeared related to new compulsive sexual behaviors after 3 months. Conclusions: Paroxetine may hold promise for short-term reduction of PPU and related anxiety, but new potentially distressing sexual behaviors may emerge. The cases suggest that PPU may arise from multiple domains. We propose an explanation of the effects based on recent neuroscientific research on sexual behaviors and alcohol use.
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The use of mobile phones has become an integral part of everyday life. Young people in particular can be observed using their smartphones constantly, and they not only make or receive calls but also use different applications or just tap touch screens for several minutes at a time. The opportunities provided by smartphones are attractive, and the cumulative time of using smartphones per day is very high for many people, so the question arises whether we can really speak of a mobile phone addiction? In this study, our aim is to describe and analyze a possible case of smartphone addiction. Methods: We present the case of Anette, an 18-year-old girl, who is characterized by excessive smartphone use. We compare Anette’s symptoms to Griffiths’s conception of technological addictions, Goodman’s criteria of behavioral addictions, and the DSM-5 criteria of gambling disorder. Results: Anette fulfills almost all the criteria of Griffiths, Goodman, and the DSM-5, and she spends about 8 hr in a day using her smartphone. Discussion: Anette’s excessive mobile phone usage includes different types of addictive behaviors: making selfies and editing them for hours, watching movies, surfing on the Internet, and, above all, visiting social sites. The cumulative time of these activities results in a very high level of smartphone use. The device in her case is a tool that provides these activities for her whole day. Most of Anette’s activities with a mobile phone are connected to community sites, so her main problem may be a community site addiction.
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The research presents comparative analysis of forming designers’ brands of different categories based on their target audience needs. The article proves that combined or diffuse lines of fashion clothes, which unite project and marketing advantages within unique brand portfolio, develop at the intersection of brands’ various categories influences. The research demonstrates that globalization of the modern fashion industry makes combined designers’brands a priority for Fashion Houses since last attract wider audience of consumers and increase brand success. Thework results show that the fashion industry structure can be shown like a hierarchy, the top of which occupies the activity of High Fashion Houses directed to formation of modern standards and tendencies (project and advertisingcomponents). In the frames of contemporary fashion industry globalization, business activity of many fashion houses is carried out in a form of interaction with separate small design companies or agencies that in addition have their own structure, project technology and potential sale markets. At this stage, a leading role belongs to mass media which is involved in work with Fashion Houses information and marketing departments closely and productively. Design firms and agencies that deal with only one line product segment, are situated one level lower in a Fashion Houses gradation. The article focuses on typical properties of a designer brand in a modern fashion business which determines the designer brand as a complex of identifying elements facilitating characteristics of one or another fashion industry subject as well as a fashion product it produces on a fashion market. At that, the author admits that the leading Fashion Houses create their own attribution version of a designer brand for each market segment, adjusted for fashion product price category and target consumers. Analysis of the formation of designer brands of the most active subjects of fashion industry, conducted in the present study, shows that it is the usage of designer’s name in the title of designer fashion brand that singles out a designer brand in the mind of the potential or permanent customer, as well as on the fashion clothes market. As the research results show, the worldwide designer brands in the fashion industry can be compared to global industrial and consumer brands. At the same time, there are currently no definite recommendations related to what one needs to take into consideration while managing a complex designer brand, what principles should be basis for further successful designer brands, in the fashion industry in particular. On the other hand, new basic components and aspects of value added price formation for fashion clothes as a fashion product created by designer brand have been determined in the thesis. One should add a brand name and a brand mark which form material and immaterial aspects of designer brand functioning to attribute designer brand components that provide possibility of value added price formation for a fashion product. The fashion product itself produced by a Fashion House and functional, aesthetic, construction, operational and its other characteristics relate to material aspects. One should refer reliability, consumer trust, a psychological impact on a customer, mass media’s loyalty or disposition in particular, to immaterial aspects. In its turn the value added price of a brand facilitates a conversion of a brand name to brand equity, this way it contributes to an increase of a market value for the whole Fashion House. Correspondingly, it is habitually to call fashion products created under the aegis of one brand, despite their qualities, a brand portfolio. Ideally, it includes all brands in the frames of which fashion clothes of different categories have been produced. It is grounded in our thesis that a tendency to diversification of designer brands at the beginning of XXI century contributed to the leading Fashion Houses organizations structuring in the context of major development of several fashion clothes lines, including highly specialized ones. The author came to the conclusion that project and marketing objectives of the diffuse designer brands are firstly directed to profit increase due to the attraction of a new customer with lower price ambitions, but a higher mobility as to the perception of fashion innovations; information spread on designer brand among potential consumers and creation of a method for step by step attraction of consumers of the lowest products segment to a category of consumers of prêt-a-porte clothes ( on the basis of a change of potential consumers’ social status or their customer ambitions); security protection of designer brands from merging by mass clothes market, combining in itself the advantages of opposite segments of fashion market. On the basis of the analysis results for the designer brands of different categories functioning on a contemporary fashion market, in the thesis the main criteria for basic difference of fashion lines forming one brand portfolio have been formulated: objectives of creation and support of certain design or corporate lines in fashion industry; the specifics of development and production of a fashion product in a definite consumer’s segment; Fashion Houses price policy relating to each of the created lines; a degree of participation of a leading fashion house art designer or art director in fashion product creation; the principles of use of certain marketing communication types etc. The article stresses that, despite all differences, in modern conditions of fashion industry globalization, two basically different branding segments – luxury industry and mass market look not only for ways of interaction , but also for merging to expand their influence on new consumer target groups and to conquer new sales markets for their products. This tendency of such collaboration development boots so actively and in a diverse way that in the near future it can become a basis for a new concept of fashion innovations spread in a society.
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In this article functioning of the global systems of communication is analysed in modern society. The features of cultural socialization of personality open up under influence the Internet and computer technologies. Possibilities and negative sides are shown in virtual reality are in development of personality.
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Pornography use has become increasingly common. Studies have shown that individuals who use sexually explicit materials (SEMs) report negative effects (Schneider, 2000b). However, Bridges (2008b) found that couples who use SEM together have higher relationship satisfaction than those who use SEM independently. A further investigation into various types of SEM use in relationships may highlight how SEM is related to various areas of couple satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to examine the impact of SEM use related to different relationship dynamics. Methods: The current study included a college and Internet sample of 296 participants divided into groups based upon the SEM use in relationships (i.e., SEM alone, SEM use with partner, and no SEM use). Results: There were significant differences between groups in relationship satisfaction [F(2, 252) = 3.69, p = .026], intimacy [F(2, 252) = 7.95, p=<.001], and commitment [F(2, 252) = 5.30, p = .006]. Post-hoc analyses revealed additional differences in relationship satisfaction [t(174) = 2.13, p = .035] and intimacy [t(174) = 2.76, p = .006] based on the frequency of SEM use. Discussion: Further exploration of the SEM use function in couples will provide greater understanding of its role in romantic relationships.
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