Realism - The Ideological Chameleon
Why does anyone need, especially today, when slowly, but steadily we become victims of „virtual reality's“ cybermimesis, to attempt to be „more real“ than „Reality“ itself?
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Why does anyone need, especially today, when slowly, but steadily we become victims of „virtual reality's“ cybermimesis, to attempt to be „more real“ than „Reality“ itself?
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The main aim of this article is, by using the case of digital vigilantism, to analyze what new challenges could occur in the E-society and how understanding of the self and self-act is changing during the process when more and more new technologies are integrated in people’s everyday life. The swarm is a metaphor which Zygmunt Bauman uses to show how the understanding of communities is changed in liquid modernity. Swarms are based on untied, uncontrolled, short-term relationships between consumers/users to achieve some goals. Swarms could be massive in numbers and have a lot of power for a very short period. One of the examples could be digital vigilantism, which is an act of punishing certain citizens (they are believed to deserve punishment) by other Internet users. One example of DV would be to put personal information on display to spread shaming acts. The problem is that people are interested in some actions for a very short time, but the political act/change requires an active and stable effort. Despite the phenomenon of DV not getting much attention from the field of political science or political philosophy, it provides us with some insights about the current changes in our understanding of politics and the concept of what is “political” as well as inviting us to reconsider the idea of swarms as put forward by Bauman.
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Research shows that Facebook use may cause detrimental effects on users’ well-being. However, mixed results are often found regarding the relationship between Facebook use and depressive symptoms due to different concepts of well-being used by researchers (raising difficulty in comparing the findings) and Facebooks multi-purpose nature where measuring “general use” is likely an oversimplification resulting in imprecise interpretation regarding the nature of this association. The aim of this research review is to introduce contemporary findings on the link between Facebook use and depression. Consequently, the effects of nuanced and potentially highly negative well-being issues diverging from Facebook use are discussed. Special attention is paid to envy and social comparison on Facebook. The results of the research review indicate that negative consequences of using Facebook include but are not limited to: negative social comparison, jealousy, envy, surveillance behaviors, social isolation, procrastination, increasing social tension and a state of fatigue resulting from “social overload” and that these consequences can lower users both affective and psychological well-being, facilitate depressive symptoms and in some cases cause depression.
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We will try to link Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of the body-subject with the idea of mediation. The body thus becomes the mediating part of the human body towards the human body, human body and the world, and also human body and the Being. Within the phenomenological field of network interaction there is a corporate intersubjective game, usually speaking, between the man and the nature, in which man is constituted by nature as nature is constituted by man, and all this through technique as something that is yet to be.
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“What is the benefit of the human if he obtains the whole world and damage the soul? Or what kind of ransom will give the man for his soul?” (Mt 16, 26, Mk 8, 36-37).The goal of the human life is the salvation of the soul. The human must save his soul from the harmful sights. The aim of this paper is to research how the television as mass media influence on the human soul. Thus, the author analyzes the influence of television on the mind, wish and will of the human that is exposed to media contents. In the paper are offered conclusions about the negative effects of television on human souls and it is recommended selective and as short as possible exposure to television programs.
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Review of: Michael Zok, Die Darstellung der Judenvernichtung in Film, Fernsehen und politischer Publizistik der Volksrepublik Polen 1968-1989. (Studien zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung, Bd. 34.) Verlag Herder-Institut. Marburg 2015. X, 328 S. ISBN 978-3-87969- 387-0. (€ 57,–.). Reviewed by Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska.
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In a process of continuously adjusting to and counteracting the circumstances of conflict since 2014, the Ukrainian media community has become polarized (Budivska & Orlova, 2017). Nygren et al. (2018) observe a confrontation between the ideal of neutrality in coverage and favoring “patriotic journalism” in practice among Ukrainian journalists. This article takes this discussion further and highlights the role of professional journalism associations and international organizations in the struggles within the journalism culture in the situation of conflict. The article uses Ginosar’s (2015) interpretation of Hanitzsch’s (2007) model of journalism culture and Mouffe’s (2013) conceptualization of agonistic vs. antagonistic struggle to discuss the project Two Countries — One Profession is initiated and supported by the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media. Finally, it draws on the reactions by the Ukrainian media community.
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The goal is this paper is to analyze the image of Germany and Germans in social media platforms of Polish Television (Telewizja Polska — TVP). Through a web content analysis the study aims at presenting main societal and political aspects in the daily functioning of public service media. The outcome is therefore presented in a broad social and historical context, including relations between Germany and Poland. Th e main factors shaping bilateral relations such as stereotypes, trans-border cooperation and the presence of the German minority in Poland are presented. The empirical part of the paper comprises content and discourse analysis of TVP’s social media related to the image of Germans and Germany over a period of three months in 2018.
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Politicians and political campaigns are not inadvertent to the development of social media platforms as environments that allow access to a larger audience. Not relying solely on the traditional media as a mouthpiece for their messages and taking matters into their own hands offers new segues for analyzing political communication. However, not all elections are of equal interest, both for the electorate and for the candidates, as second-order election theory suggests (Reif & Schmitt, 1980; Hix & Marsh, 2004). Th is paper investigates the area situated at the intersection of these two research directions. This quantitative study aims to analyze how Romanian political parties and candidates used Facebook in the electoral campaign for the European Parliament, in May 2019. The study follows the correlation between Facebook metrics, like frequency of posts and the popularity of the pages, and the political agendas refl ected in each party’s Facebook posts. The conclusions are consistent with second-order elections theory, but raise questions about the dependable nature of Facebook metrics.
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European mobility programmes have been seen as a promising method to promote European identity, particularly with a focus on young generations. In this article, I discussed the constructing role of the Erasmus exchange programme by employing the result of direct crosscultural interaction. Data from Eurobarometer surveys and outcomes concluded from the semistructured interviews revealed that socialising with other Europeans strengthened European identity but contact with the host country remained limited. Diff erent from other studies, this paper also reveals that the national identity of the participants precisely empower as a result of coaction. Furthermore, for the fi rst time in the literature, semi-structured interviews unveiled that cultural differences such as stereotypes and prejudices have no negative eff ect in promoting European identity among students. Rather, it generates a positive impact for the awareness of national identity.
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The aim of this essay is to discuss the state of democracy in Western Europe in the light of an essential change in public spheres towards more dissonance, disconnection, and noise. It is argued that this condition is the unintended consequence of the co-occurrence of two long-term changes in contemporary societies: political culture changes in liberal democracy and changes in communication infrastructures. The interaction of the disruption of democracy and digital communication has implications for public spheres as opportunity structures for democratic speech and institutions. The dynamics of dissonant public spheres have created a new disinformation order, pushing new political actors and communication modes to the fore. These conditions threaten established patterns of authoritative information flows and public debate, which puts contemporarydemocracy under serious stress.
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Review of: Edvard Beneš. Vorbild und Feindbild. Politische, mediale und historiographische Deutungen. Hrsg. von Ota Konrád und René Küpper . (Veröffentlichungen des Collegium Carolinum, Bd. 129.) Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Göttingen 2013. VI, 306 S. ISBN 978-3- 525-37302-6. (€ 49,99.). Reviewed by Peter Bugge.
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Modern type schools of Ahiska Turks, which are a unique people with their rich culture, have an important historical background. It is an important research subject to reveal the entire landscape of the education life of the Turks in Georgia. This article can be described as one of the first experiences, first steps in this direction. In this article, prepared within the framework of the scientific research project carried out at Ardahan University, the activity aspects of the schools of Ahiska Turks before the exile of 1944 are illuminated in the Meskhet-Cavakheti region in the south-west of Georgia. Firstly, the materials of Turkish newspapers published in the region between 1930 and 1944 were considered. We have personally reviewed these newspapers in the F and P archive funds of the National Library of the Georgian Parliament. In the research process, historical-pedagogy analysis method was applied.
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Review of: Maik Schmerbauch: Die Seelsorge für die deutschen Katholiken in der polnischen Diözese Kattowitz und das Diözesanblatt „Der Sonntagsbote“ in den Jahren 1925- 1939/41. (Arbeiten zur schlesischen Kirchengeschichte, Bd. 23.) Aschendorff. Münster 2012. 370 S. ISBN 978-3-402-10181-0. (€ 19,80.). Reviewed by Bernard Linek.
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The main purpose of the article is to present the role and importance of Polish factchecking initiatives in context of their educational dimension. The central question that the authors will try to answer is: To what extent and in which way do the Polish fact-checking initiatives provide education as part of their activities? To answer this question, the authors implemented a two-step research design – starting from desk research concerning the development of Polish fact-checking scene and its social, political, economic and cultural background. The second step included in-depth, semi-structured interviews with five representatives of different types of Polish fact-checking initiatives. Considering a limited number of fact-checking organizations in Poland, the authors can assume a certain level of generalizability of the results of such qualitative research. The study shows that studied initiatives are occasionally active in the field of media and information literacy, and only some of them (i.e. mostly those related to civil society groups) treat their educational activities as a priority.
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