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Ideál profesionalizace v sociální práci

Author(s): Oldřich Matoušek,Pavel Navrátil,Tatiana Matulayová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

The theme of professionalization and professions is up-to-date and significant not only for researchers and educators who are engaged in the preparation of future professionals but for whole society. The quality of the public services depends on the quality of the professionals. The aim of the article is to point out the changes in the concept of professionalism in social work in a short historical excursion and to outline trends and challenges for the field.

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The race to the bottom within the frames of the EU Eastern Enlargement

Author(s): Irina Bîrsan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

The European Eastern Enlargement has brought major challenges to both EU as a supra national organisation and to each national state member. This paper deals with what the literature named race to the bottom tendency that exists in the old EU members’ social policies shortly before and after the Enlargement. The paper is divided in three sections which deal with the circumstances and the possible causes of such a trend that affects both old states and member states alike. The first section explains why there is no distinct EUropean social model and issues that arise from not having a common social policy. The second section deals with the attempts made towards a common social policy and its challenges and the last one deals in particular with the race to the bottom phenomena as a sign of the members states weaknesses and fears.

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Dimensiuni psihosociale şi legislative ale protecţiei speciale a persoanelor cu handicap din România

Author(s): Tudor Gheorghe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2009

In specialized literature, the term “handicap” became dangerously fashionable at the beginning of the 90’s. The present law regarding the protection and promotion of the disabled persons’ rights, law no. 448/2006, defines the handicapped persons as “those persons who, on account of certain physical, mental or sensorial disorders, lack the abilities of performing regular daily activities, requiring some measures of protection in order to support the social recovery, integration and inclusion”. On an international scale, there is an increasing concern of the decisional organisms about providing conditions and equal chances to persons with different handicap problems. In order to determine a general framework concerning the action strategies in the field of welfare work and assistance of handicapped persons, The United Nations elaborated and promoted a set of rules which could provide those persons the same rights and obligations as the normal persons do. The National Authority for Disabled Persons (NADP) is a specialized body of the central public administration, with legal personality, subordinated to the Ministry of Labour, Family and Equal Rights. NADP coordinates the activities of protection and promotion of handicapped persons’rights, it ensures the enforcement of regulations in its own field and the control of the activities of special protection offered to Romanian handicapped persons. The legislative regulations in the field in Romania align, starting with the year 2007, with the regulations of the EU. The facilities, labour conscriptions and the services which the handicapped persons may benefit from cover all the needs of this category of population. Certain states from EU (e.g. Great Britain, Sweden, The Netherlands) have the tendency to irrevocably replace the term “handicap” by a new concept such as “a person with special needs – sensorial, physical, mental or associated”, in order to prevent and control the labelling and respect human dignity.

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Konstrukce a financování univerzální a volitelné části zdravotnických systémů

Author(s): Jan Mertl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2021

The article examines the universal and optional component of health systems with the twin aims of clarifying both the meaning and the purpose of these two basic health care system components at the general theoretical concept level, and the outlining of the mechanisms of the construction and financing thereof, including the empirical data on the theme sourced from OECD countries. Each of the components has its own operational regulations (even in relation to the position of the patient) and cost control mechanisms. The universal part of the system may be characterised by a certain degree of variability, especially in systems that involve multiple health insurance companies. In principle there may be a supplementary/complementary (with possible synergies that can be systemically supported) or substitutive relationship between the two components. Health policies should ideally utilise both parts of the system in accordance with their characteristics and the objectives that the policy aims to achieve. This may help to overcome problems with the standard and above-standard health care, an issue that has characterised Czech health policy for a long time.

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Lidské zdroje v integračních sociálních podnicích

Author(s): Marie Dohnalová,Kateřina Legnerová,Marek Stříteský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2021

The article addresses the issue of integration social enterprises in the Czech Republic. In addition to employing disadvantaged persons, these types of enterprises offer retraining courses and professional advice. The paper presents the results of the research of human capital in Czech integration social enterprises in 2020. The research sample consisted of 52 case studies of integration social enterprises with various legal forms. The research confirmed the irreplaceable role of such enterprises in terms of the employment of persons from disadvantaged social groups.

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Dopady pandemie covidu-19 na zaměstnanost osob starších 50 let v evropských zemích

Author(s): Lenka Lakotová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2021

The article addresses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the employment of people over the age of 50 in European countries. Data from the SHARE database is used for the analysis. The database contains microeconomic panel data obtained via questionnaire sample surveys conducted from 2004 to 2020 (in 8 waves of interviews). The effects of the pandemic were determined using regression analysis. The results of the regression models have been further verified via the analysis of data extracted from the Eurostat database. The results of the analysis show that the pandemic exerted a significant impact on employment. However, the results also indicate that the impact on younger workers under 25 years of age has been more serious than that for older workers. The most significant decline in the employment of the over 50 age group concerned those aged 50-54, and the effect of the pandemic on employment was seen to decline with increasing age. Furthermore, according to the analysis, there has been a lower negative impact on the employment of women than on the employment of men due to the pandemic; however, this effect is statistically significant only for persons over 55 years of age.

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The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on implementation of new occupational pension schemes in Poland

Author(s): Marek Szczepański / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

The aim of the article is to address the question of the impact the coronavirus pandemic (March 2020 to May 2021) has had on the level of participation in employee pension plans (PPK), and the role of other factors in this process. The research considers various groups of stakeholders as participants in the process of changes to the pension system, manifested by the introduction of PPKs in 2019−2021. The PPK programme, in contrast to the assumptions of its initiators (change leaders), has not yet become universal; to date, it covers just slightly more than a quarter of those eligible to participate (as of July 2021). This is due to a number of factors, some of which are independent of the stakeholders in the change management process − including a lack of trust in the pension system caused by the partial reversal of the pension reform introduced in Poland in 1999 and the global coronavirus crisis that commenced in March 2020.

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Poskytování poradenské a sociální práce lidem bez domova s akcentem na jejich pracovní uplatnění

Author(s): Helena Marešová,Marie Táborská,Noemi Roupcová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2021

The article maps the current situation of homeless persons in the Czech Republic who are clients of the Czech Labour Office. It focuses on the analysis of the current situation in terms of the coordination of activities leading to the employment of homeless persons in the primary and secondary labour markets. Following the establishment of the General Directorate of the Labour Office of the Czech Republic (ÚP ČR), the system for the coordination and evaluation of such activities in place up to this time underwent significant change, with the result that it more closely resembled the system applied for many years in the Federal Republic of Germany. Consequently, the article included a brief comparison of the two systems that highlighted those components that offered examples of best practice that can be adapted to Czech conditions. The results of the comparison primarily revealed deficiencies in terms of various organisational and methodological aspects, and the related absence of a functional model for the coordination and evaluation of the counselling and social services provided. With concern to the introduction of effective active employment policy tools and measures for homeless persons, it will be necessary to clarify the levels of authority, and to specifically define the social work competencies, of the Labour Office of the Czech Republic and the responsible local government social departments.

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Dopady pandemie na sólo rodiče − první výsledky výzkumu

Author(s): Sylva Höhne / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2021

The article presents the initial results of the ,,Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on single parents" project. It was determined, for example, that in terms of socioeconomic status, the decline in the material security of families was much more likely to affect single parents who worked prior to the pandemic as self-employed persons (compared to employees) as well as parents without a higher education, the working conditions of whom in terms of the stability of their employment contracts and flexibility of work were less favourable than those of university graduates.

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Strategie zaměstnavatelů v období pandemie covidu-19

Author(s): Jiří Vyhlídal / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2021

The article presents an overview of strategies adopted by employers in the Czech Republic immediately prior to the outbreak of (2019) and during the Covid 19 pandemic (2020). The first part addresses redundancies and the hiring of employees in 2020 and presents a comparison in this respect with the situation in 2019. The second part provides an analysis of the cooperation of employers with the Labour Office, especially with regard to the perception of risks involved in the employment of persons recommended by the Labour Office and cooperation on the implementation of measures aimed at containing the pandemic. The author determined that the average number of employees laid off in various employer categories increased in 2020 compared to 2019, in some categories by more than 50%, despite no dramatic increase in unemployment being recorded in 2020. The various components of the national Antivirus programme undoubtedly played an important role in this connection.

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Rozvoj sociálního projektu v měnících se podmínkách

Author(s): Josef Horňáček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2021

The article describes and provides an assessment of the „Colours of the Brno Bronx“ project that was conducted in the period 2017−2020 in the Czech city of Brno in an area affected by social exclusion. The project was based on the theoretical assumption that the development of community life and cultural activities serves to improve the quality of life in an area. It aimed to strengthen the participation of the target group through the organisation of creative activities under local conditions. The article concludes that the various project activities led to the higher level of involvement of the target group in the life of the monitored area.

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Sensory profile in the snoezelen intervention

Author(s): Maria José Cid Rodriguez,Ramona Ribes Castells,Kateřina Janků / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In this article we present a tool for professionals who work in care services (24-hour services) with people with a type of dependency and/or developmental disability, such as dementia and/or Alzheimer‘s, intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders etc. Sensory interventions for these people are primarily focused on offering them better quality of life and increased emotional well-being.Sensations are the basis of well-being and are present and functioning in everyone, regardless of their level of dependence. The main challenge for professionals and institutions is to provide the most appropriate intervention to each person and, thereby, ensure a pleasant and enjoyable environment and daily activities that accord with his/her capabilities. It is necessary to start from the most reliable knowledge possible of the sensory capacities, tastes, and sensory preferences of the subject.The article includes practical examples of Sensory Assessments that allow us to elaborate the Sensory Profile of a person, involving every sense (visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, olfactory, gustatory, and vestibular), in order to identify the sensory capacities of the person, his/her tastes, and sensations of displeasure and discomfort. Based on qualitative observational methods, the article provides a practical guide to performing a Sensory Assessment.

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Case manažer v systému sociálních a zdravotních služeb

Author(s): Michaela Šímová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2022

The article addresses the role of case managers in the social and health services systems; it provides a description of their competencies and responsibilities and places them in the context of the target group, i.e. seniors. Ageing populations and changing mortality patterns are resulting in larger numbers of persons with reduced degrees of self-sufficiency. Case managers potentially make up one of the key tools in terms of providing comprehensive care services for such seniors and constitute an important element in the search for ensuring functioning cooperation at the interface between social and health services in the Czech context.

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Vliv pandemie covidu-19 na vývoj režimů sociálního státu

Author(s): Karolína Bajajová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 4/2022

The article addresses the issue of the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of welfare state regimes (according to the Esping-Andersen typology), which have managed to preserve their profiles despite the high variability of the social environment. The regimes are represented in the comparative analysis by states that reflect the typical features of distinct social regimes − Germany, Sweden and Great Britain, with the addition of the Czech Republic. The study identifies the changes and new measures introduced and evaluates their scope, significance and durability. The study considers the impact of such adjustments on the institutional tradition and trajectory of each of the regimes. The adaptability, and the ability of social policies to solve problems, learn from them, proceed with systemic changes, and be prepared for future crises are verified during major crisis situations. Although the selected states and regimes in general continued to follow their institutional settings trajectories during the Covid-19 pandemic, there were a number of interesting and surprising deviations.

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CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL HOUSING IN UKRAINE

Author(s): Marta Barna,Taras Vasyltsiv,Joanna Rakowska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the conditions, tools and mechanisms necessary for the statepolicy of Ukraine to provide Ukrainians with social housing during and after the war. Methods: The studyused a set of scientific methods, including generalization, theoretical and methodological grouping, analysisand synthesis. Results: Based on the analysis of the solutions in Ukraine and selected European countries sofar, the conceptual apparatus was generalized, and the features of social housing were defined. Conclusions:A list of entities entitled to social housing, sources and mechanisms of its financing and support programswere defined. Based on the obtained results, recommendations were presented for the policy of supporting social housing in Ukraine.

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Epistemological aspect of topic modelling in the social sciences: Latent Dirichlet Allocation

Author(s): Mariusz Baranowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Aware of the challenges faced by the social sciences in publishing a massive volume of research papers, it is worth looking at a novel but no longer so new ways of machine learning for the purposes of literature review. To this end, I explore a probabilistic topic model called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in the context of the epistemological challenge of analysing texts on social welfare. This paper aims to describe how the LDA algorithm works for large corpora of data, along with its advantages and disadvantages. This preliminary characterisation of an inductive method for automated text analysis is intended to give a brief overview of how LDA can be used in the social sciences.

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První letošní RILSA Policy Brief: Finanční situace sólo rodičů v době pandemie covidu-19

Author(s): . Miscellaneous / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

The policy brief deals with how the pandemic was reflected to the financial situation of single-parent households. It focuses on what problems the parents faced in this context, whether they used the help of professional services to solve them, and what their future expectations ale regarding the development of financial conditions.

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Redistribuční efekt zdravotního pojištění

Author(s): Daniel Kolek,Alena Maaytová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The article examines whether the public health insurance system in the Czech Republic contributes to reducing pension and social inequalities. The first part of the text covers the calculation of the effective premium rates for health insurance in selected years. The calculations confirmed that the application of minimum and maximum assessment bases for different groups of insured persons exerts a regressive impact. The next part of the text serves to determine the extent of the redistribution effect applying the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient, the Kakwani index and the index of effective progressivity. The Gini coefficient level is particularly influenced by social income, whereas public health insurance and social security premiums exert a lower impact on the Gini coefficient. The effective progressivity indices demonstrated that all the monitored items exert a progressive impact on income distribution.

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Přenos výzkumu do praxe − tvorba a implementace metodiky měření kvality paliativní a hospicové péče v ČR

Author(s): Lucie Žáčková,Martin Loučka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The article focuses on the approach to, and the results of, the transfer of research into practice using the example of the development and implementation of a methodology for measuring the quality of palliative and hospice care in the Czech Republic. The first part of the article is devoted to the background to the rapidly developing research on the dissemination and implementation of knowledge into practice (D&IR), and presents the RE-AIM monitoring and evaluation framework. The second part of the paper evaluates the implementation of the new methodology into practice using the REAIM framework. It concludes that user involvement in the development of the toolkit has proved to be successful and its implementation has led to changes in the perceptions of hospices of statistics and adjustments to certain internal processes. It appears that although not all the implementation steps were fully realised and adherence to deadlines was low, this flexibility factor may, in fact, represent an advantage in practice. On the other hand, if the results of the methodology are not presented and discussed with hospices, the perception of the outcomes is likely to be problematic. Overall, the newly developed methodology has the potential for dissemination into practice.

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Činnosti a kompetence sociálních pracovníků v adiktologických službách

Author(s): Miroslav Barták,Dita Štyvarová,Lucie Solovjevová,Martin Smutek,Peter Brnula / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this paper is to identify the activities and competences of social workers involved in addiction services. This area covers the care and social rehabilitation of persons suffering from an addiction disorder that requires an interdisciplinary approach, including the engagement of a multidisciplinary team that brings together the expertise of social workers, addictologists, educators, psychotherapeutists and physicians. This approach can be viewed as the basis for networking in addiction services. The competences of social workers can be viewed from various perspectives; this paper is based on recommendations proposed by the Council on Social Work Education and the practical competences concept developed specifically for the Czech environment. Moreover, we specify a theoretical framework for measuring the various competences in the real world of social work praxis. A questionnaire survey was carried out, the sample for which comprised social workers (according to Act No. 108/2006 Coll. on social services) that are active in the field of addiction services. A total of 117 respondents took part in the survey. The results of the questionnaire survey revealed that the most important competences for social workers comprise the ability to be empathetic (94%), the ability to self-reflect (94%) and the ability to handle crisis situations (93%). Similar levels of importance were allocated to the ability to motivate clients (87%), rapid decision making (79%) and the ability to control one´s emotions (78%). The other highly important skills identified by the questionnaire survey comprised the writing and submission of project proposals and fundraising (33%), and people management (47%).

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