Internetowe public relations
Autor naświetla zagadnienie, jaki wpływ na public relations mają cyfryzacja mediów i rozpowszechnienie komunikacji internetowej (w tym przez media społecznościowe).
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Autor naświetla zagadnienie, jaki wpływ na public relations mają cyfryzacja mediów i rozpowszechnienie komunikacji internetowej (w tym przez media społecznościowe).
More...
During the 19th century a new idea of a different belief system began to take root. The formation of this system took place with the help of a more serious approach to the treasure of folk traditions, skills, knowledge and practice. However, the system was also modernized by occultism, following contemporary culture and society, and very soon became adaptable to changes in the world. The name for both the system of faith and the members of that system is Wicca and it functions according to the vertical system. The aspiration is to grow upwards, towards the spiritual experience of the divine in and out of oneself. This movement is based on the philosophy of the religions of nature, folklore and mythology, adding the experience of the ancient, the arrangement of the occult, and the need to create a relationship with the modern world. The system is linked to the Code — set out in the Wiccan’s Rede (basic Wiccan ethical rules), and The Thirteen Principles of Wiccan Belief adopted in April 1974. In the Principles, in points 1., 2., and 13., they emphasize intellectual responsibility towards the environment, harmony of life with nature and ecological balance, and that within the Nature we should look for everything that contributes to our health and well–being.
More...
Socially responsible investing (SRI) is a decision making process concerning the allocation of free financial resources, where the investor aims at maximization of profit and minimization of risk on one part, and includes the socio-ethical and environmental-ecological considerations on the other. We can find four types of motives, describing them as mobilizing forces to undertake SRI. The seare psychological and social, legal, economic and strategic, financial. Investors invest their funds in such investments by choosing the right investment strategy for them. We can find many different classifications relating to strategies and actions within the framework of SRI. The most important classifications of the SRI strategy were prepared by Global Sustainable Investment Review and Eurosif. These two organizations prepare also reports on SRI in the world and in Europe. The European market has the largest share in the global SRI market but the most dynamically developing market is Japan.
More...
Nowadays, shareholders would like to receive more information about companies’ activities. They would like to know how the company treats their local community, how their activities influencethe environment or even if the company’s activities are harmful for society. This information is needed and has to do with costs for society. Tracking these costs, called external costs, more precisely seems to be becoming more important in accounting and is starting to become a new research area.The need for treating external costs like a part of research in accounting is indicated by a trend of the accounting of social responsibility, the theory of legitimacy in accounting, the concept of full cost accounting and the directive on disclosure of non-financial information. The use of the environment isn’t free of charge for companies. According to national laws, companies are obligated to pay environmental fees or taxes when using the environment. Existing fees and taxes for using the environment don’t resolve the problems of measuring and evaluating the external costs in companies. What is important to note is that external costs are connected with using goods such as air, soil, water,silence or the aesthetics of the surroundings. They all are non-marketable goods; they don’t have prices on the market. Therefore, one of the non-market valuation methods could be used to evaluate them. One of the biggest problems for accounting in the future will be measuring the volume of using these goods or measuring the size of reduction in the quality of public goods suffered and assigning the decrease to particular companies.
More...
Year by year, research and development works constitute an increasingly important element of the functioning of enterprises. Appropriate recording of expenditure and settlement of their effects requires (above all) determination of the actual stage of works. Consequently, there is a distinction between research and development works. Another aspect that determines the principles of recognizing expenditure in the accounting books is to determine whether the developed product/technology belongs to the area economically developed by the unit or to the unrecognized area. The adequate determination will help to place expenses either in the sphere of activity and basic unit orin the sphere of other operating activity. Financial reporting for intangible assets is perhaps one of the most difficult and most controversial topics of financial reporting. In this article it is compared three concepts of financial reporting for R&D costs: IFRS approach, Czech approach for non-profit organizations and Czech approach for profit organizations.
More...
Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to compare the declarations of local and international companies regarding the maintenance of sustainable development initiatives during acrisis. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents the results of a survey conducted in September 2020 on a sample of 500 enterprises located in Poland. Respondents were asked to declare if they will maintain or abandon sustainable development initiatives in a crisis situation. The examples presented a pandemic similar to the one caused by Covid-19, an economic crisis, or a significant decrease in company revenues. Findings: The research showed that the largest group of companies in acrisis situation will completely abandon their initiatives in the field of sustainable development. Another group will give up those initiatives that generate the highest cost. There are some small differences in responses of local and international companies. Companies with foreign entities in the ownership structure seems less likely to give up all initiatives in the field of sustainable development. International companies more often than local companies declare that they do not know which initiatives they will abandon and which will they keep. Research limitations/implications: Factors other than international involvement (e.g. company size, strategic approach to sustainable development) may have a decisive impact on decisions regarding the maintenance of sustainable development initiatives in acrisis. Originality and value: The chapter illustrates the approach to sustainable development by companies classified into various categories: local and international.
More...
The aim of the current chapter is to present the essence of sustainable consumption andits basic rules: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle. Minimalism and sharing economy were presented as the manifestation of the Reduce rule. Reuse requires distribution systems which will give access to preowned products (in a broader scope), thus, they will provide products with a second life. This may be provided by alternative retail formats which are oriented towards the sale of second-hand products. Some of these formats, especially online applications, are becoming quite popular—their number, as well as the amount of their customers is rapidly growing. Also, traditional mainstream retailers have become involved in second-hand product sales.
More...
The aim of the research is to identify how the participation of local communities influences the planning process of green infrastructure both at urban and regional level. For that, the existing connections between concepts such as participation, civil society, participatory planning/co-participation - on one side - and the urban planning process / the planning of urban green space and green infrastructures - on the other side - were researched. The actors of participatory urban planning were identified, especially the groups of local actors, involved in green infrastructure planning, as well as the new type of citizen participation through forms of collective action and protests aimed at city development and its local environmental issues. The types of approaches and barriers that occur in participatory planning, and how the community can get involved in the design and planning of ecological networks were presented. The channels through which the inhabitants of the city can get involved in urban design in general and in the case of urban green infrastructure, in particular, with the help of new technologies and online applications, such as VGI, were also researched. One of the conclusions is that participatory planning can improve the quality of urban planning through different approaches. However, regarding the involvement of the community and various social groups in the planning of green infrastructure, the results show, surprisingly, that it is recommended that designers consider the participation of certain stakeholders and a strategy for their participation. Another conclusion is that the involvement of citizens in the planning of urban projects is facilitated by new technologies and online applications and that data from social media give citizens the opportunity to get more involved to protect the environment in which they live and therefore these data can thus be used in a transparent and democratic participatory process.
More...
Natural capital is the collective term both for the products of the natural assets of our planet and for the ecosystemic services that result from the interaction of these assets, services that support life on our planet. In fact, the ecosystemic services resulting from the activity of the Natural Capital constitute the fundament of the entire activity of the socio-economic system and include food, water, energy, climate security and other services essential for all. Unfortunately, often, the value of the natural capital was forgotten in the traditional methods used for measuring economic performance. This non-recognition of the importance of the natural capital has, in the end, a damaging effect on the ecosystems, biodiversity and natural environments in general and can trigger a loss of the essential services of the ecosystems. The value of the natural capital becomes acknowledged increasingly more as critical for economic success and economic sustainability. Many decision-makers and organizations have begun to focus on the way value can be attributed with precision to the natural capital and in connection to economic policies. The result hoped for is a better decision-making to manage, preserve and improve our natural environments. Moreover, the identification and quantification of the natural capital and of the ecosystemic goods and services offers a supplementary economic justification for the efficient management of the natural resources. As the scientific research has noticed and supports increasingly more, the attribution of value to the natural capital and to the ecosystemic services can be a positive step in the prevention of their exhaustion by promoting a better understanding of the true economic value of the ecosystemic services and by providing economic tools able to consider this value adequately.
More...
Development regulations are organizational tools and basis for shaping the character of current cities and the form of its development. The efficiency of these regulations, their inclusiveness and flexibility, in addition to their ability to adapt to the needs of the present and future, directly affects the shape and quality of the built environment. The paper discusses conventional development regulations used today, from a critical point of view, and presents form-based codes as an alternative to the former, conducting a comparative study between both types of regulations. Finally, the research recommends taking advantage of form-based codes in creating meaningful places and not just buildings.
More...
Based on the proGIreg case study, the potential use of neighbourhood-based nature-based solutions for urban regeneration is presented. The classification of the specific solutions of the project (compared to other classifications) will be presented, together with the critical conclusions on why NBS are relevant for the emerging new concept/approach of Biophilic Urbanism. One of the results of the applied research project is the Replication Toolkit - which aims to facilitate the implementation of Nature-based solutions for other cities. The Replication Toolkit contains a set of recommendations for the strategic component of urban regeneration of post-industrial neighbour-hoods, but also for the operational component of concrete implementation of solutions.
More...
The purpose of the report is to analyze selected national strategies and policies with respect to defining the bio economy and to selecting similarities and differences between them. Representative is a comparative overview of the strategy and policies for bio economic development in the world. In the analyzed documents can present strategies and policies to stimulate the bio economy as the base of our suggested that is in focus. In this way, it is known that there is a need for enhanced results and developments in the field.
More...
The innovative budgeting methods are becoming a tool for achieving specific goals related to the impact of organizations on the environment. Green budgeting is a used for achieving environmental goals. Its role in public policy is essential, and the prospects for its application in the private sector are broad as well. However, science and practice in Bulgaria are lagging behind this trend. Thus, it is necessary for the private and the public sector to build expertise and gain experience in the field of green budgeting.
More...
The integration of nature in urban cities is part of ancient planning. Its role was limited to relaxation, leisure and health, but this concept has evolved rapidly in recent years with the emergence of ecosystem services in the light of a green infrastructure approach. Researchers have become increasingly interested in this concept recently with the aim of improving the quality of life of inhabitants in particular by identifying ecosystems that provide economic, social, and environmental services in order to ensure the sustainability of the city. Our research goal is to know these services in order to meet the challenges of sustainable urban development.
More...
The author considers the climate change as a substantial element of the environmental security. The legal framework and policies for adapting to climate change in Bulgaria take into account the international legal commitments and the EU legislation. The presentation highlights the dual role of artificial intelligence (AI) concerning climate change, namely, AI as a contributor to climate change and AI as a supporter of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
More...
Many Algerian cities, including Biskra, suffer from natural problems, especially those caused by heavy rainfalls due to climate change, which reaches its maximum for a long period, and causes severe damage in terms of human and material losses. This paper draws attention on how to deal with the adverse effects of rapid and sudden floods due to runoff in the city of Biskra by studying the green infrastructure as means that rely on preserving the hydrological cycle of water in the safe and effective stormwater management of urban areas and prove that there are opportunities for the application of green infrastructure solutions not only to solve social and economic problems, but also environmental ones. Stormwater management and flood control are among the solutions provided to avoid the negative effects of urban floods, especially in areas with fragile infrastructure.
More...
V české verzi nemá smysl uvádět celou podobu kurzu, protože je určený studentům a učitelům anglického jazyka. Z tohoto důvodu uvádíme v české verzi studijních materiálů jen jeho stručnou charakteristiku a základní zaměření.
More...
Návrh souboru pěti plakátů nabízí didaktické využití prezentace zajímavého a specifického fenoménu uranové těžby k seznámení se s širšími souvislostmi československých dějin v 50. letech 20. století.
More...
Biodiversity loss needs urgent, deep measures and solutions towards sustainability on the scale of the entire society, allowing political, social, economic and technological changes. These solutions involves difficult choices of decision factors in accordance with a new paradigm of governance. It is the role of spatial planning and environment policies to take into account the change in the governance of biodiversity through multiple, simultaneous forms of governance that ensure solutions with a sustainable impact, which are understood and in the interest of all residents. The aim of this research is to assess new findings in the governance of green infrastructure, on the basis of scientific literature of the last years. The analysis focused on the solutions and requirements to transform the present environmental governance so as to stop biodiversity loss and to find key actors necessary in the urban future. The results show that so far, biodiversity governance at local level has had limited effectiveness. New, specific types of urban governance addressing green infrastructure operate more and more often, such as the governance of nature-based solutions. The key actors and mechanisms associated with financing urban green infrastructure are local authorities, citizens and investors, and the financing mechanisms depend on the type and size of the green infrastructure that will be planned.
More...
The study explores the strategic integration of green-blue infrastructure (GBI) in the Râmnicu Vâlcea Metropolitan Area (MA-VL), Romania. The research addresses environmental, mobility, and quality-of-life concerns while examining local urban strategies and their approach to GBI implementation, identifying gaps and opportunities for sustainable development. Despite different levels of engagement with GBI concepts, most local plans incorporate elements like green spaces, water management, and sustainable transport. The study proposes a unified GBI framework for the area, emphasising stakeholder engagement, pilot projects, and community involvement to enhance environmental resilience and quality of life.
More...