CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

MEMORIES OF PLAGUE IN LATE 8TH AND EARLY 9TH CENTURY BYZANTINE HISTORIOGRAPHY

Author(s): Dragoljub Marjanović / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2019

In the late 8th and early 9th century two historical works, the Short history of Nikephoros of Constantinople, and the Chronicle of The ophanes the Confessor, give evidence about the plague which appeared in Sicily and Calabria in 745/6 and spreading to the east, erupted in Constantinople in 747/8 during the reign of Emperor Constantine V. In this paper, we analyze the narratives off ered by the two historians and place their historical representation of the plague in the context of the religious controversy over icons which shook Byzantium in the 8th and 9th centuries. It appears that both historians, themselves engaged in the controversy over icon worship, Nikephoros in the capacity of the patriarch of Constantinople, and The ophanes as a hegumenos of an orthodox monastery, utilized the description of the plague to portray the emperor Constantine V’s rule as irreligious and devastating for the Byzantine state and church.

More...

FIGS AS A CURE

Author(s): Radivoj Radić / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2019

The paper discusses medical recipes against a variety of diseases whose important constituent is fig, whether it is the fruit, the tree or the root of this subtropical fruit. These are data from the Byzantine medical treatise dated into a rather wide time frame, from the middle of the 11th to the second half of the 14th century. The fig was also used in making balms and in cosmetics.

More...

Obraz Longobardów w "Liber Pontificalis". Od inwazji na Italię do upadku królestwa (568/569–774)

Author(s): Maciej Dawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article concerns the image of the Lombards in "Liber Pontificalis", the chronicle of papal pontificates, which represented point of view of popes and their environment. In biographies of popes from the end of 6th century the Lombards appeared quite often as invaders plundering Italy however, due to generally laconic and reporting character of those vitae, information which concerned the Lombards was short and deprived of clear rhetorical features. In biographies from 7th century the Lombards were absent. The Lombards became the object of biographers’ interest in 8th century along with resuming Lombard military pressure. Biographies from that period were literary expanded and focused on Lombard rulers. The image of the kings was quite diverse in them though all were treated as danger for the Apostolic See. In the case of king Liutprand, positive elements was noticed as well. The image of Ratchis is similar. Aiustlf was described in extreme negative way because he attempted to conquer Rome. The median of the images of Liutprand and Aisutlf is the image of king Desiderius. Right is the claim, that the negative image of the Lombards in that period was attached to the lack of earlier intensive contact between them and papacy, which escalated in Rome the feeling of unfamiliarity and memory of the danger they were in 6th century. It seems however that the crucial factor, influencing on the image of the Lombards in "Liber Pontificalis", was just the necessity to present the popes in the most positive way, what was done at the cost of the Lombards.

More...

Relacja o słowiańskich Rugianach w średniowiecznych kronikach Helmolda i Saxo Gramatyka

Author(s): Iwona Galas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The Rani, a west Slavic tribe based on the island of Rugen, built an empire existing until 12th century. In 1168 Rani were defeated by Danish king Valdemar I, resulting in the conversion of the tribe to Christianity. The "Chronica Slavorum" by Helmoldus and "Gesta Danorum" by Saxo Grammaticus are quite commonly quoted sources in the debate concerning Slavic paganism and the attempts of its Christianization. What constitutes high-value Helmoldus’ and Saxo’s works is the fact that the chronicles are an essential and primary sources when it comes to the history of the Polabian tribes – their territories and their neighboring peoples. It is also a vital link in the account of the course of Christianization on the Polabian territory. After the invasion of The Danish king Valdemar I the pagan temple, situated on the island, was destroyed and both the territorial and religious autonomy of the Rani ended. At the tip of Arkona in recent centuries, the cliffs have collapsed into the sea and the chronicles still remain as witnesses of the Slavic history of Rugen.

More...

A magyarság Európában: ezer év a határon

Author(s): Pál Fodor,Attila Pók / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2018

The study is a revised version of a presentation that opened a series of 12 lectures on Hungarian history at the University of Vienna on 5 October 2017. It organizes some key issues of Hungarian history around the problem of continuities and discontinuities. It points out that two parallel narratives, the history of the Hungarian state and the history of the Hungarian nation for extended periods during the last 1000 years do not overlap and this fact gives a particular dynamism to this national history. The survey addresses political, social, economic and cultural aspects of Hungarian history and concludes by arguing that the adoption of Christianity and the foundation of the Hungarian state by the first king, Steven the Saint, are the longest lasting achievements of Hungarian history, properly remembered by the most important national holiday, 20 August.

More...

Hétország. Egy rejtélyes ország a 10. századi Kaukázusban

Author(s): Balázs Sudár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 02/2020

The early Magyars were visibly attached to the number seven, mentioned with regard to them by both external and internal sources. “Sevenmagyar” [Hétmagyar] was the term applied to the leaders of the Conquest period and thus, perhaps, to the entire community. While numbers frequently appear in group denominations among the peoples of the Steppe, the number seven is rare. The reference by Al-Masudi, an Arab polyhistor writing in the middle of the tenth century, in his description of the Caucasus to a land called Sevenland is therefore highly interesting. His knowledge about this land is fairly limited, a conspicuous fact in his case; the source of this ignorance may have been the recent move of the Sevenland people to this area. The land itself can be localised to the wider region of the Taman Peninsula, to the western feet of the Caucasus, and may have spread northward from the Kuban. It is precisely this region where archaeological finds possibly connected to the Magyars have recently been found. The hypothesis that the description of Al Masudi refers to a Magyar community is thus a reasonable one.

More...

I. András és Bölcs Jaroszlav

Author(s): Márta Font / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2015

The aim of this article is to defi ne the exact date of the marriage between King Andreas I and the daughter of the Kievan Grand Prince. The question is difficult because there are no exact records either about the flight of Andreas and his brothers from Hungary, or their appearance in Kiev. Upon a careful analysis of the political circumstances in Bohemia and Cracow – the route from Hungary to Kiev – one can conclude that the arrival of Andreas in Kiev might be dated between the years 1034–1036, and the marriage to 1043. The paper also examines and rejects as scholarly unacceptable the hypothesis launched by Szabolcs Vajay about the earlier marriage of Andreas with an unknown princess.

More...

MICHEL PSELLOS, ADMINISTRATEUR PUBLIC ET GESTIONNAIRE DE SES BIENS

Author(s): Jean-Claude Cheynet / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2021

Michel Psellos, Public Administrator and Manager of His Own Fortune. Michael Psellos had a brilliant career as a bureaucrat and advisor for numerous emperors. Thanks to the positions he occupied, he established a network. His activities increased considerably, but it seems that he was not satisfied with the administration of his personal fortune and that he did not leave a considerable inheritance. He lost a considerable sum because of a court case and because of a theft due to his negligence. His fortune consisted mainly of lifetime possessions and depended on imperial fortune which he did not retain until the end of his life. This weakness explains why he did not manage to establish an enduring fortune and why his successors were impoverished.

More...

NEW CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HISTORIA SYNTOMOS OF MICHAEL PSELLOS

Author(s): Dejan Dželebdžić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Chapter 1 of this paper investigates the main themes in the research of Michael Psellos’ Historia Syntomos. Chapter 2 puts forward the question of possible interrelations between the Historia Syntomos and one type of the short imperial chronicles, the so-called Kaiserlisten. Chapter 3 reexamines the possible relation between the Historia Syntomos and a short Psellos’ work entitled Περὶ τῆς κατὰ Χριστὸν γενεαλογίας.

More...

A halicsi magyar uralmat támogató elit

Author(s): Márta Font / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Beside the rulers, very little is known about the persons who were involved in the political relations between the Kingdom of Hungary and its northeastern neighbour, the Kievan Rus, in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The sources become more abundantly available from the early thirteenth century, thanks partially to the growing amount of surviving Hungarian charter material, and partly to the information about the innumerable campaigns of king Andrew II of Hungary to Galicia that has been maintained by the Annals of Galicia-Volhynia. While the charter narratives make reference to the participation of several persons in the Galician expeditions, the Annals have also retained some names. Yet both the chronology of events told in the charter narratives and the Slav chronicle confront the historian with serious problems. Nevertheless, the genealogical researches of recent years have made possible several corrections to the available pool of knowledge, and it is in the light of such new results that the paper examines the members of the Hungarian and local elite which supported Hungarian rule in Galicia.

More...

Šahrwarāz dinasztiája Szíriában és Egyiptomban a 7. század elején. Egy szászánida tábornok levantei birodalma

Author(s): Miklós Sárközy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

The present paper discusses the foundation of the Syrian–Egyptian kingdom of Šahrwarāz. A well-known military leader of the Sasanian Empire who played a key-role in the Sasanian–Eastern Roman wars in the early decades of the 7th century AD, Šahrwarāz successfully conquered Syria and Egypt by 619 and became the military governor of these provinces. Being of obscure origin of the Northern Caucasus, Šahrwarāz started as a staunch supporter of Khusraw II but gradually distanced from his patron after some military failures and due to his own policy which soon resulted in a semi-independent Syrian-Egyptian kingdom ruled by Šahrwarāz by 626. His secret dealings with Eastern Roman forces in Syria soon led to his rising popularity in the eyes of emperor Heraclius who promised him the throne of Sasanian Iran. Eventually Šahrwarāz succeeded in usurping the Sasanian realm for a short period, therefore the vast resources at his disposal might have contributed to the spectacular downfall of the Sasanians.

More...

Megállapodás Vilmos, Aquitania hercege és Hugó chiliarchus között. Egy egyedülálló szöveg a 11. századi Franciaországból

Author(s): Orsolya Varró / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

The Conventum inter Guillelmum Aquitanorum comitem et Hugonem Chiliarchum is a 342 lines long, anonymously written source narrating the relationship of Hugh IV, lord of Lusignan, and William V, duke of Aquitaine, from the former’s viewpoint in a Latin which shows strong vernacular infl uence. It has been frequently commented on in the debate on the „feudal transformation” of French society around the year 1000, due to the circumstances that it shows little resemblance to contemporary sources in its topic, as well as in its form and language. Its depiction of vassality is radically different from the model drawn by educated authors as Fulbert of Chartres or Ademar of Chabannes, and offers an alternative notion of authority and of the inner dynamics of feudal society, namely that of the lower stratum of the political elite (represented in the narrative by Hugh and his adversaries). As such, it is a unique source on medieval political thinking, and while it has multiple English and French translations, no Hungarian translation has been previously made. This paper aims to fi ll this gap, and it also contains a new translation of Fulbert of Chartres’ letter on vassality.

More...

A konfliktuskezelés módszerei 9–11. századi francia területeken

Author(s): Anna Romsics / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the degree to which methods of confl ict management in the ninth century diff ered signifi cantly from its forms in the tenth and eleventh centuries in the French territories. The fi rst part of the paper sheds light on this historiographical debate, summarizing the main research results on practices attached to comital courts, ordeals, arbiters and feuds from the ninth to eleventh centuries in Francia, as this topic has been only vaguely represented in Hungarian scholarship. That part is followed by an analysis of a unique text, the so-called Conventum, written in the early eleventh century on a series of confl icts in Aquitaine, which shows very well how disputes were handled around the year 1000. As a conclusion, we compare our results related to the eleventh century with those of Janet Nelson, concerning the ninth century, to answer the question: Was there a considerable gap between the methods of confl ict resolution in Francia, in these two respective periods?

More...

Folyami kalandozók. Normannok a Loire-vidéken

Author(s): László Gálffy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

Norse expansion handled continental Europe in different ways, but some similar marks can be observed. The West Coast of the Frankish Empire and the Loire valley met the Scandinavian raiders from the 840’s regularly until the beginning of the 10th century. The Scandinavian raids aimed defenceless monasteries and busy cities as well, but they were built up on the river Loire by degrees, in the 860’s reaching a distance of 400 km from the starting point. The paper aims to describe their strategy based on islands, the river proximity, and sailing in very special conditions offered by the Loire. We also try to examine the replays of the Frankish administration and the local society. It is clear that these period resulted various relations between locals and Scandinavians, but it is also truth that these conflicts underlined the political importance of cities like Tours, Angers or Nantes and contributed to emerge new political entity in the Loire valley, like Anjou.

More...

The Manzikert Campaign from an Ottoman Perspective

25.00 €

Preview

The Manzikert Campaign from an Ottoman Perspective

Author(s): Antonios Vratimos,Ender Büyüközkara / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This study analyses the battle of Manzikert, which marked the beginning of a new period, through the- asyet unpublished manuscript of the sixteenth-century Ottoman historian, Ahmed ibn Mahmud. Since it has little fresh to add to what we know from earlier texts, its value lies in the handling of his material. Though it is modelled on the account of the Arab writer Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, there are numerous rearrangements and deliberate omissions. All these elements serve to meet Ahmed’s compositional goal which should be seen through the prism of Alp Arslan’s devoted faith to God that decided his victory at Manzikert.

More...

"Historiae" Grzegorza z Tours jako źródło informacji o diecie mieszkańców VI-wiecznej Galii

Author(s): Krzysztof Jagusiak,Jolanta Dybała,Maciej Kokoszko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The present article focuses on the presentation of excerpts from the main historical work written by Gregory, bishop of Tours, which deal with food and drink in the diet of his contemporaries in Gaul. The author devoted most space to the menu of the Frankish state elite – royal families, bishops and secular nobles. In addition, he gave some information on a diet of people who avoided the luxury and pleasures for God. The narration of Gregory is our article supported in our article by other sources: medical, historiographical, gastronomical, patristic etc. The most important among them were these written by Venantius Fortunatus, Sidonius Apollinaris, Anthimus, Galen, Oribasius, and Athenaeus of Naucratis. The analysis of the sources, leads us to the conclusion that despite the deep, multidimensional changes that took place between the 5th and 6th centuries in the areas known as Gaul, there were no major changes in the nutritional habits of the local people. It does not mean that the Germanic population did not influence the culinary world of 6th-century Gaul in any way. Sources confirm such influence, however, on this field it was not great. On the basis of the preserved treatises – and the Historiae of Gregory of Tours is one of our key source – one can observe the survival (and continuation) of ancient culinary traditions in the Frankish state.

More...

Baldwin z Boulogne w opinii Anny Komneny na kartach "Aleksjady"

Author(s): Tomasz Pełech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article takes up the issue of Anna Komnene’s opinion of Baldwin of Boulogne in her Alexiad. The daughter of Alexius I represents the Byzantine view of the world, in which the Latins began to play an increasingly greater and more visible role at the end of the 11th c., especially in connection with the crusade movement that began to emerge from 1095. It turned out to be important to involve the Frankish states established in Outremer into the orbit of imperial politics. Baldwin of Boulogne, Count of Edessa from 1097, who in 1100 was crowned the first Latin king of Jerusalem, did not escape Byzantine attention. Baldwin of Boulogne appears four times in Alexiad, giving the opportunity to formulate the opinion about him on the pages of the work. The article presents the thesis that Anna Komnene does not present him as a leading figure in her work. Baldwin of Boulogne plays a rather modest and marginal role, whether related to narrative needs or in connection with the Byzantine political efforts to regain Antioch from the hands of the Normans. This suggests that from the point of view of Constantinople, he was not a particularly important player on the political scene, both during the First Crusade and even after his election as king of Jerusalem. Baldwin emerges from the pages of Alexiad as a character with two faces: on the one hand, he is a confident, energetic commander, characterized by cunning and broader strategic thinking, and on the other hand, he is a greedy barbarian, suffering military defeats. Therefore, Baldwin’s presentation does not differ significantly from the general image of Latins in the Byzantine Empire in the 12th c.

More...

Az Altaichi Évkönyv és a magyar krónikás hagyomány

Author(s): Judit Csákó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

The annals which were written in the second half of the eleventh century in the Bavarian Benedictine abbey of Niederaltaich are regarded by the historical research as one of the most important sources of information about the decades following the death of Saint Stephen and the German-Hungarian wars of the period. The debate which went on in the German historical scholarship about the origins of the annals in the last third of the nineteenth century ended without conclusion, and no attempt was made later at trying to separate from each other the different redactions of the work. While the annals are frequently cited on account of their outstanding historical importance, Hungarian medieval studies have only partially relied on the results of the German research, and paid but sporadic attention to the relation between them and the Hungarian narrative tradition. Since the opinions formulated by the research diverge from each other in several points, the paper surveys whatever can be stated with more or less certainty in those questions which are raised in connection with the textual relations between the Bavarian source and the fourteenth-century Hungarian chronicle compilation.

More...

Gentile- und Reichsadel am östlichen Rand des Karolingischen Reiches

Author(s): Béla Mikós Szőke / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2021

At the eastern border of the Carolingian Empire two different groups of elite emerged. When referred to, the individuals in one of the groups were called either by personal names, or by the name of the area they governed; individuals in the other group were called by the name of their people. Members of the first group administered the territorial units of the central area of the former Avar Khaganate just like the Carolingian chief officials and royal vassals in the interior of the Empire. The members of the second group were (indirect) allies of the Avars and had their own tribal prince and gentile nobles. The administrative centres of the Carolingian province Pannoniae developed in synchrony with the inner centres of the Empire, while the centres of power outside the Empire had their own special settlement structures showing a conglomerate of the courts of the tribal nobility.

More...

THE RESEARCH STADIUM FOR THE BURRIAL GROUNDS FROM THE LOWER DANUBE IN THE 7TH - 10TH CENTURIES

Author(s): Irina-Maria Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: XI/2010

his article is a presentation of the cemeterries from the LowerDanube in a period in which the river was still a separation line between theSlavs and the nativs. The research of the funeral discoveries dated from the endof the Byzantine domination and from the period of the first Bulgarian empirebegan after the Second World War A big part of the excavations was made by J.Văžarova and D.I. Dimitrov in Bulgaria and by B. Mitrea in Romania. While theassignments of the Romanian scientists are governated by the ideea of pointingout the continuity and liability of the Romanians, the Bulgarian scientistsmanaged to earn their success by classifying the cemeteries. Văžarova makes adistinction between the cremation Slav cemeteries and the biritual Bulgariancemeteries and introduces a new group, the late inhumation cemetery assignedto the Christian period and to both ethnic groups, the Bulgarians and the Slavs

More...