Niedrukowany dokument księcia raciborskiego Leszka z dnia 9 kwietnia 1313 roku

Author(s): Grzegorz Kublin / Language(s): Polish Issue: _/2014

The archives of the Dominicans of the Polish Province in Cracow store a copy of the document of the Ratibor Duke Lestek (Lestko) from April 9, 1313. It was drawn from the original, which was located in the city archives of Ratibor, and copied in early 20th century. Today it is considered as being lost. It is known only from the Regestae and so far it has not been published as a whole. It relates to the investments effected by the aforementioned Duke for the Dominican Sisters in Ratibor: a donation of the two ducal bread benches which make the dowry of his sister Euphemia when joining the monastery.

Aspectele istorico-economice ale episcopiei Transilvaniei reflectate de Registrul de dijme (1332-1337)

Author(s): Robert-Marius Mihalache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 54/2015

Nous désirons utiliser dans cet article (Aspectele istorico-economice ale episcopiei Transilvaniei reflectate de registrul de dijme – 1332-1337; Les Aspects Historico-économiques de l’Épiscopat de Transylvanie, reflétés par le registre des dîmes) six années (1332-1337) des sources éditées de registres des dîmes, faites par les personnes envoyées par le pape Jean XXII, les collecteurs Jacobus Berengarii et Raimundus de Bonofato. Nous allons étudier les aspects historico-économiques de ces registres pour deux motifs: 1. on n’a jamais analysé ces sources d’un point de vue qui puisse présenter les raisons primordiales pour lesquelles ont été faîtes – leur côté économique; 2. parce que ce registre est beaucoup plus complexe d’un point de vue structurel et de composition que ne sont le autres registres faites par les autres collecteurs qui ont travaillé dans le royaume de la Hongrie avant 1331. Par les données présentées nous avons essayé de réaliser une radiographie complète regardant les sommes payées sous la forme des dîmes par les clercs des archidiacres de l’Épiscopat de Transylvanie vers la Chambre Apostolique pendant la période 1332-1336, donc 5 années. Nous avons pu identifier les sommes dans la plupart des cas, mais à cause des lacunes des textes, cette identification des dîmes a été possible seulement dans une proportion de 90,25%. Et si nous considérons la somme payée par le diocésain de Transylvanie dans cette période, sans les 1170 marks payés par l’évêque local, la possibilité d’identification des sommes diminue á 73%. La somme totale marquée comme collectée sous la forme des dîmes dans de cette période de 5 années dans la Transylvanie est de 1831,5 marks, qui équivalent à 449,7 kg argent (métal). Cette somme reflète la puissance économique de diocèse qui se trouve sur les bords de Societas Christiana. Le pouvoir économique de cette diocèse transylvain, qui s’élevait à 1831,5 marks (449,7 kg), représente 19,5% de la somme totale collectée soul la forme des dîmes pendant la IVe décennie du XIVe siècle dans le royaume de la Hongrie (cette somme étant: 9385 marks, représentant la valu de 2304,3 kg – 2,3 tonnes – d’argent métal). Mais la 1/3 de la somme totale était la revenue du roi Charles Robert de Hongrie (d’Anjou), donc environ 3130 marks type « poids de Buda » (768 kg argent métal), mais le reste de 2/3 a été envoyé á la Chambre Pontificale d’Avignon (1536 kg / 1,53 tonnes d’argent métal).

O rzekomej bitwie Kazimierza Wielkiego z Litwinami pod Sochaczewem w maju 1350 r.

Author(s): Jan Ptak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

Among the war events that happened during Casimir III the Great’s reign historians usually mention the battle that he fought against Lithuanians on 20th May 1350 at Żuków near Sochaczew, in which battle the King defeated the enemy army. Their findings are based on the information from only one source known as Spominki sochaczewskie (The Sochaczew reminiscences). Its reliability is very low, and the details contained in it concerning the battle were probably adopted from a description of an earlier raid carried out by Lithuanians into the Łęczyca district (1294), in which they defeated the Polish army near Sochaczew. The information coming from other sources describing the Polish-Lithuanian war of 1350 does not confirm the data contained in Spominki sochaczewskie, and sometimes is contrary to it. The analysis of it shows that the image of this battle that has been accepted in historiography up till now has to be changed, and the thesis saying that there was a battle of Sochaczew (Żuków), as well as one about the very presence of Lithuanians in Mazovia and in the Łęczyca district in May 1350 has to be rejected. Hence also the thesis formulated by historians that the strengthening of Casimir III the Great’s relations with Mazovia princes that happened at that time resulted from that battle has to be negated.

Напрсло огледало? – Формирање идеалног владара у Епиру и Никеји у првој половини 13. века

Author(s): Milan Vukašinović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 52/2015

During the first half of the 13th century both Byzantine Empire and the image of its ideal ruler had to undergo a transformation. By applying mostly the narratological analysis to the parenetic texts written in the two successor states of the Empire, the paper sheds light on the dynamic ‘negotiations’ within the Roman elites of the place that the Emperor should have inside the symbolic order, and suggests a possible model of approach to other Byzantine texts and periods.

Древнерусский памфлет на Михаила VIII Палеолога в свете герменевтического анализа

Author(s): Mihail Demincev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 52/2015

In the article the perception of the image of Michael VIII Palaeologus by literate citizens of Tsardom of Russia is considered. The study is based on analysis of writings that date back to XVII century. The study focuses on identifying the symbols and latent ideas, that point to a semantic connection of the studied writings with The Old Testament, Apocalypse and some antique texts. In the end of the article the author makes a conclusion, that the perception of the image of Michael VIII Palaeologus in Tsardom of Russia was negative.

Posljedice previranja u Bosni u zadnjoj deceniji 14. vijeka i trajni gubitak Slanskog primorja

Author(s): Muhamed Husejnović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 18/2015

Medieval Bosnian state in the last decade of the 14th century began to shake internal disorder. In addition Kingdom were exposed to attacks from outside. Its neighbours had a great aspirations towards Bosnia . Due to the frequent change of the throne, and because of other troubles that dominated in that period Kingdom got into a financial crisis so that the king Ostoja decided to sell part of Bosnian territory of Dubrovnik. Slansko Primorje was significant not only for Bosnia but for the neighboring countries. Dubrovnik during the 14th century on several occasions tried to get Slansko Primorje. However, it did not succeed until 1399. Favorable conditions for Dubrovnik came by the arrival of King Ostoja to power. Due to a series of circumstances prevailing at that time in the Bosnian Kingdom King Ostoja expressed his willingness to make this part of Bosnian territory sold. The biggest consideration for the acquisition of Slansko Primorje had the envoys who were the eyes and ears of the Republic. From their negotiations the end of the Republic depended . The skillful negotiations and even flattery, always briought the desired results. How much people of Dubrovnik were cautious when negotiating, is evidenced by the fact that during negotiations Slansko Primorje, that except the king,the most powerful magnates were present. Some great men who were left out form the negotiations felt that they were less influential in the king’s court. Dubrovnik’s envoys sometimes wanted more than they could get at any given moment because they had in mind that those requirements had nothing to lose. After they got into the possession of the Coast of Dubrovnik its arrangement started. The importance for Bosnia had Primorje is obvious by the fact that King Ostoja in the first decade of the 15th century launched a war against the Republic.

Надписът от Холъвник и въпросът за личността на първия турски управител на Никопол

Author(s): Nikolaj Ovčarov,Vesko Obreshkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2004

An interesting moment in Bulgaria’s dramatic history of the late 14th с. is examined in the article. It is the question of a known but not completely deciphered epigraphic monument in Bulgarian, dated 1397–1399. In it reference is made the renovation of the fortress Holuvnik, situated on the left bank of the Danube and guarding the ford to the important town of Nikopol. The repairs were carried out on the orders of Sultan Bayazid, under the supervision of the subaşi of whose name only the first letter has survived - D. After the examination of various written sources the two authors reach the conclusion that in the text reference is made to the subaşi Dogan, the governor of Nikopol and the Uc of Nikopol who in 1396 defended the big fortress against the crusaders of King Sigismund. Another important observation is that perhaps Dogan was identical with the eminent Ottoman commander Bazarlu Dogan, participant in the campaign of the Grand Vezir Ali Paşa against Turnovo Bulgaria in 1388 and the military operations that followed.

Златовезана дреха с монограми „цар на българи и гърци“ на българския владетел Иван Александър от църквата „Св. Никола“ край с. Станичене, Пиротско

Author(s): Nikolaj Ovčarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

In the 1970–80ies Serbian researchers discovered a unique monument at the village of Stanichene near Pirot: the St. Nikola Church under the 19th с. wall paintings of which were found finely preserved frescoes of the 14th с. The partially preserved inscription reports that the wall paintings were depicted during the reign of the Bulgarian King Ivan Alexander. A whole gallery of images of Bulgarian boyars of the same epoch are preserved on the walls of the church. During excavation work under the floor of the temple the Serbian archaeologists had a still more remarkable find: a tomb where a dress of the buried person was discovered in excellent condition. The figures of animals and six monograms with the text "Ivan Alexander, King of Bulgarians and Greeks" were embroidered on it with gold thread. The careful study of the monument has shown that this was an ancient Orthodox tradition in which the ruler presented his personal dress to a high-standing nobleman. In this particular case the dress was presents to the deputy of Bulgarian power in the Nish-Pirot area, Kostandin. He probably held the title of "Caesar" and was depicted on the walls of the church together with his relatives.

Надписите от църквата „Св. Андрей“ край Скопие и залезът на династията на Мрнявчевичите

Author(s): Nikolay Ovčarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1997

This article is a continuation of the author’s researches into the epigraphic material from Vardar Macedonia. In this case it is the question of the inscriptions of the Church of St. Andrew, built in 1389 by the second sun of the late King Vălkašin, Andreaš. Two of them are commemorative inscriptions associated with the death of the direct founders of the shrine. Of much greater interest are the other two texts executed by order of the king’s son Andreaš. The one is a special type of document (брѣвно or an inventory of property) which has preserved on the façades of the church a handwritten text that has disappeared. In it were given the boundaries of the property and villages owned by St. Andrew. The other inscription fixes a court decision concerning a land dispute with the other big monastery in the vicinity – that of the first son of Vălkašin, King Marko.

Още веднъж за кръста на севаст Берислав от Трапезица

Author(s): Konstantin Totev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1997

The paper focuses again on the bronze processional cross of the hill of Trapesitsa in Veliko Tarnovo, published 25 years ago and dated, according to its palaeographic characteristics and inscriptions (in Greek and Bulgarian), to the end of the 12th or the beginning of the 13th centuries. On the basis of comparative analysis with regard to its shape, size and decorations, to a number of Byzantine processional crosses, important particularizations as to its workmanship in the 10th century are added, which in fact is synchronic with the Greek text where the Constantinople provenance of the cross is unequivocally stated. The Cyrillic inscription of the 13th or 14th century is devotional in character and shows the second use of the cross as processional in the years of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. Besides, it is linked to the personality of Sebast Berislav, who, in all probability donated it to one of the numerous churches on Trapesitsa hill in Veliko Tărnovo.

Последната война на цар Иван Шишман (1388–1395)

Author(s): Nikolaj Ovčarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1996

This article deals with the last years of Tsar Ivan Shishman and the medieval Bulgarian state. The author has launched a view that differs radically from what has been said so far and is based on a critical study of Turkish sources. According to the hypothesis, the Ottoman chroniclers artificially blended events that occurred at a different time. Comparison of Turkish sources and the existing scarce Christian evidence revealed that the event in question was a lengthy war that, with small interruptions, continued from 1388 to 1395. This can provisorily be divided into three periods. Grand Vizier Ali Pasha’s march of 1388–1389 ended with the conquest of the region around Shoumen. Between 1390 and 1393 the conflict was expressed in interminable skirmishes on the border. In 1393 the Turkish sultan marched against Turnovo Bulgaria as a result of Tsar Shishman’s renewed actions in alliance with the Wallachian voyovde, Mircho. The greater part of the country was conquered, leaving the Bulgarian ruler with a small demesne around Nicopol. During the dramatic third stage of the war (between 1393 and 1395) Tsar Shichman made desperate attempts to organise the resistance. Everything ended at the avenue of approach to Nicopol, in June 1395, when Ivan Shishman was captured after an attempt to help Mircho in the decisive battle with the Turks at Rovine.

Egy francia eredetű dél-itáliai család karrierje a középkori Magyarországon

Author(s): Adrián Berta / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

Hardi, Đura: Drugeti. Povest o usponu i padu porodice pratilaca Anžujskih kraljeva. Filozofski fakultet, Novi Sad, 2012. 480 oldal

Едно уточнение по шуменския Шишманов надпис на Срацо, внук на Великия епикерний Срацимир

Author(s): Nikolaj Ovčarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1994

The author of the present paper deals with the widely discussed Shoumen inscription from the 14th century. The observations are based on the recent deciphering of the unknown pieces of the inscription. It turns that contrary to earlier opinions the letter symbol (mark) of “first indiction” in the first highly stricken line is evident. In combination with the name of the King Ivan Shishman marked on the monument it is possible to fix the probable year of 1393 when it was made. The author presumes that the Bulgarian King probably launched the last attack against the Turks. For a short period of time he recaptured the town of Shoumen which had previously been taken away by force from the invader. In an explicit way the inscription shows that King Ivan Shishman established there “His Kingdom”. In this case this phrase has the meaning of an act of reestablishment of power.

Българо-византийски отношения при Теодор Светослав (1305–1321 г.)

Author(s): Zdravko Plyakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1992

Considerații asupra situației demografice din Dobrogea în sec. XIII-XIV

Author(s): Radu-Ștefan Ciobanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/1983

The use of the ensemble of historic sources has made possible for us to conclude that there were several harbours in Dobroudja in the XIII*h—XIV*h centuries : Mangalia, Constanţa, Zanuvarda, Brillago, Yeni-Sale, Donavici, Aspera, Sancti-Gyorgi, Fidonisi, Solinae, Licostomion, Chilia, Isaccea, Măcin, Hîrşova, Cernavodă, Rasova, Vicina, Silistra. Among the largest of them, ranked as towns, there were : Mangalia, Licostomion, Chilia, Isaccea, Vicina, Silistra. Of all of them, Vicina is supposed to have had 5.000—10.000 inhabitants, sometime about the year 1300, while Chilia and Silistra had 15.000 in the XIV*h century. The total number of the harbour inhabitants was of 60.000—70.000 people. The village population was of about 150.000 people, so the total number of the inhabitants was of about 200.000 people. The inhabitants' trades were much the same as those from the Mediterranean harbours and the usual agricultural ones, the ethnic origin of most of them being a Romanian one. We can conclude by considering Dobroudja as one of the highly populated regions from the Black Sea Coas.

Monumente ale civilizației medievale românești din sec. al XIII-lea în centrul voievodal de la Cetățeni

Author(s): Anca Păunescu,Lucian Chițescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/1983

It briefly presents the results of the archaeological research completed in 1981 in the "monuments" sector - included in the archaeological station of Cetăţeni, Argeş district, namely three masonry churches which succeed one another in time and space, one near The other, from the beginning of the thirteenth century to the eighteenth century: Church No. 1, built in stone and brick, in the form of a nave, dating from the beginning of the 15th century. Until the 18th century. ; The church n ° 2, built only in stone and mortar, in the shape of clover, decorated with fresco, dating from approximately 1250, until the beginning of the XV s. ; Church No. 3, still in stone and mortar, also decorated with frescoes, belonging to the category of churches with nave and dating from the beginning of the 13th century. Until approximately the year 1250.

Prima coroană princiară medievală din aur descoperită pe teritoriul României (sec. al XIII-lea)

Author(s): Cristina Anton Manea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/1983

Nearly the town of Râmnicul Vâlcea was found by chance in 1974 five fragments of a gold crown: rectangular plates (76 mm χ 55 mm) in gold, each surmounted by a fleur-de-lys - united by hinges. Only one of the fragments still retains a perforated surface of fine carving, representing a knight and two fantastic animals in the vegetal decoration. This fragment (total length 41 cm) of the crown bears striking resemblances to the crown of Saint Stanislas de Ploc (Poland), with the segments of the Hungarian crowns covering the cross of the Passion of Jesus of the Krakow dome.Numerous figures on the crown of Rimnicul Vlcea are similar to those of the various jewels of France, Bavaria, Sweden, Italy, Hungary. In the second half of the thirteenth-early fourteenth century, the crown of Rimnicul Vlcea may be dated: probably the sign of a local prince before the constitution of the united principality of Wallachia

Az erdélyi lázadó: Ákos nembéli Mojs

Author(s): Attila Zsoldos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: IV/2017

The paper presents the political career of Mojs of Ákos kindred, who was an important actor of the political life of Transylvania in the second half of the first decade of the 14th century. After clarifying his genealogy the author identifies his estates in Kolozs and Doboka counties. As a characteristic of his struggle against king Charles I the author notices the fact that Mojs always faced the king’s armies in open battle, because he didn’t own any castles. This fact made for him impossible to strictly control a region, as the oligarchs did around their castles, but on the other hand it provided him a kind of flexibility in action. Another characteristic is the fact that he always faced Charles together with his father-in-law Kopasz of Borsa kindred. From these characteristics the author deduces that although Mojs of Ákos kindred can’t be considered an oligarch, based on the support of Borsa kindred he was able to keep his independence in the province of László Kán. His presence in Transylvania also ment that the Borsa kindred succeeded to keep a part of his influence in this region even after they had to resign from the office of the Transylvanian voivode.

Vitás kérdések a székelyek letelepüléséről

Author(s): Győző Cholnoky / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Kolumbán-Antal József: ”Trium generum Siculorum” – A középkori székelyek történetének egyik rejtélye – =Székelyföld, XX.évf. 2016.11. sz. 45-58.p.

Puszta ország – hatalmas ország. Magyarország a tatárjárás idején és a 14. század elején

Author(s): Enikő Csukovits / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 12/2017

The study presents the main contemporary sources on two historical periods of Hungary, the time of the Tatar invasion, and the beginning of the 14th century. Our sources on the former are the Carmen miserabile of Rogerius and the Historia Salonitanorum Pontificum atque Spalatensium of Thomas Archidiaconus, while the first decade of the Anjou rule in Hungary is presented in the Anonymi Descriptio Europae Orientalis. The comparative analysis of our sources reveals that the strength and importance of the Hungarian kingdom was not called into question even during its hardest years