Krist i Donator: Kotromanići između vjere rimske i vjere bosanske - I

Author(s): Dubravko Lovrenović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

With the emergence of the Church of Bosnia (1326. /29.) as a noncanonical form of Bosnian bishopric and state church that arised as a direct result of relocating the Catholic Bosnian bishopric seat to Đakovo in the middle of the 13th century, under a strong influence from this schizmatic Church, Ban Stephen (Stjepan) II Kotromanić took control over the medieval Bosnian state. The latter is substantiated with the mentioning of St. Gregory the Illuminator, an eastern saint, in his royal intitulation that was later taken, in a slightly altered version, by his successor Tvrtko I Kotromanić. According to the illustrations on their money, these Bosnian rulers developed a cult of St. Dimitry who was also one of the well-known saint figures of the eastern Christianity. Both of the mentioned Bosnian bans – Tvrtko I in his role as a king, too – ruled under the burden of confessional dualism marked with vacillation between two Christian confessions: one that leaned on the Church of Bosnia and the other supported by the Catholic Church. Stephen II Kotromanić accepted Catholicism under wich he was buried in the Franciscan Church of St. Nicholas in Mili after having professed Christian faith under the auspices of the Church of Bosnia until the founding of the Franciscan vicary of Bosnia in 1340. Although most of the known details about his religious life point to Catholic Church, even Tvrtko I Kotromanić did not break all the ties with the Church of Bosnia. The first king of Bosnia found his final resting place in this Franciscan church, the coronation and burial church for the Kotromanić family, in which the episcope of the Church of Bosnia crowned him. The process of confessionalization and creation of new religious identities within the western Christianity is one of the examples that illustrates how close medieval Bosnia was to general transformations in Europe, in other words, with diversification of Latin Christianity in terms of religion and culture that happened before and separately from the reformation.

Srednjovjekovna Bosna u diplomatičkim spisima Rimske kurije

Author(s): Jadranka Neralić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Papal letters sent to various recipients around the world are stored in the thousands of volumes of the three most important and oldest series of registers (the Vatican, Avignon and Lateran registers) that are kept in the Secret Vatican archives and were produced during centuries in the Apostolic Office. The researchers of Bosnian medieval history will there find numerous letters that attest to affluent reciprocal relations at all levels. Since it is almost impossible to describe them completely, the author drew on no more than a few particularly significant documents which she then, according to their content, grouped in several basic sets: appointing some of the more important papal legates to work in the territory of medieval Bosnia; bishop appointments, documents that trace Dominican and Franciscan activities, records of granted indulgences and dispensations and royal recommendations for receiving church prebends or achieving a successful ecclesiastical career. The documents on legate and bishop appointments and Franciscan and Dominican activities are more recurrent in both regional and foreign specialized literature, and those concerning indulgences, dispensations and recommendations have still not been published.

Franjevci i bosansko-humski krstjani

Author(s): Andrija Zirdum / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The rise of the Franciscan order in Bosnia provokes great interest among historians. They emerged at the junction of two cultures: they inherited tolerance and perseverance from the East-Byzantium and the West offered them constant support and refreshment. From a historical context, it is clear that the first Franciscan cases appeared after the Bosnian bishop relocated to Đakovo and the pressures from Hungarian-Croatian rulers on Bosnia diminished together with Dominican activities. Thus they left the territory to the non-coreligionist Church of Bosnia and the Franciscans got their chance. With the founding the Bosnian vicary, Franciscan missionaries arrived from different parts of Europe. It seems that not many of them arrived, but those that came had trouble adapting to conditions in Bosnia and were, sometimes, influenced by political and church situation in their country. Since the vicary was soon separated from the Bosnian geographical territory, the foreign missionaries remained in the region across the Sava River. Those who did not learn the local language or accepted the Old Slavic liturgical practice had no chance for a successful long-term career. Many sources, either directly or indirectly, speak of the Franciscan success. During the 15th century, according to the sources, the Franciscans converted the majority of the population of Bosnia and Hum to Catholicism, refreshed it and gave it a more conspicuously western, Roman character. Even the oldest of Ottoman defters and a great number of Catholics in the region of Tuzla even fifty years after the Ottoman conquest confirm this.

Guča Gora i graditeljski val u Bosni Srebrenoj pod konac osmanske vlasti

Author(s): Fra Marko Karamatić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of the conquest of Bosnia in 1463, the number of sacral buildings had been continuously decreasing. The Ottoman authorities didn’t allow new ones to be built. The most sacral buildings were destroyed at the end of 17th century during the Austrian-Turkish war. So it happened that in beginning of 19th century only five churches and three of numerous middle age monasteries remained in Bosnia Argentina. Worship was performed in the open. In the forties of the 19th century reforms attempting to accommodate Ottoman Empire to West-European standards in politics, economy and equality of citizens were initiated. The Sultan’s decree of 1839 permitted the increase of freedoms to the Christians, and the decree of 1856 made Christians equal to the Muslims. The result was that it was easier to get licenses to build churches, bringing about the real building wave in Bosnia Argentina: monasteries in Livno, Plehan, Tolisa, among others the monumental one in Guča Gora, monastery churches in Sarajevo, Kreševo, Sutjeska, Jajce, Petrićevac,, and parish churches in Vidoši, Ovčarevo, Dolac, Vareš, Dubica…

Egy mezőváros kézműipara a 15–16. században

Author(s): Antal Miskei / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

„In Posonio est locus valde sanus...“ Kultúrne kontakty Bratislavy a Viedne v 15. storočí

Author(s): Miriam Hlavačková / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Ak hľadáme paralely Bratislavy a Viedne v stredoveku, môže nám napadnúť výhodná poloha na dôležitej dopravnej tepne – Dunaji, prosperujúce vinohradníctvo či nemecky hovoriace obyvateľstvo. Vďaka vzájomnej blízkosti oboch miest prekvitali obchodné i príbuzenské kontakty, Viedenčania vlastnili v Bratislave nehnuteľnosti ako aj Bratislavčania vo Viedni. Samozrejme nešlo o celkom rovnocenný vzťah, keďže Viedeň patrila aj v celoeurópskych reláciách k veľkým a významným mestám, v ktorých sa koncentroval značný kapitál.

Levočská základina Thurzovcov

Author(s): Tünde Katona / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V jednom z najvýznamnejších centier nemecky hovoriaceho obyvateľstva Uhorska, v hlavnom meste Spiša – Levoči, sa počas dlhých desaťročí 16. a 17. storočia podrobne zaznamenávali výdaje a príjmy mestského hospodárenia. Vedúci funkcionári hospodársky, politicky a kultúrne vplyvného slobodného kráľovského mesta, ktoré sa už v polovici 16. storočia pokladalo za luteránske, viac ako deväť desaťročí precízne a zodpovedne viedli aj záznamy v tzv. Testamentbuch-u. Išlo o záležitosť miestneho významu, v ktorom hrali hlavnú úlohu zbožné hľadiská a rôzne zmluvne zakotvené povinnosti, a samozrejme, aj dobre chápané verejné záujmy. Tento unikátny prameň poskytuje osobitý pohľad na každodennosť ranonovovekého mesta, o fungovaní sociálnych a charitatívnych štruktúr, pričom tieto informácie majú väčší dosah než odraz vtedajšieho „dneška“. Ide o zvláštny doklad humanistickej mecenatúry, ktorý vznikol ako posledná vôľa jednej z hospodársky a politicky vysokopostavených osobností Uhorského kráľovstva, a ktorý si mestský magistrát prispôsobil svojim potrebám.

Antropologická a paleopatologická analýza kostrových pozostatkov príslušníkov rodiny Juraja Thurzu

Author(s): Milan Thurzo,Radoslav Beňuš / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V predloženom príspevku sa zaoberáme kostrovými pozostatkami príslušníkov rodiny palatína Juraja Thurzu, ktoré sa našli v krypte Oravského hradu, neboli však uložené v jednotlivých truhlách, ale poprehadzované a pomiešané v drevených debnách. Nie je presne známe, ktorí príslušníci thurzovskej rodiny tam boli pôvodne pochovaní, ani koľko ich bolo, pramene uvádzajú, že ich mohlo byť až 28, čo môže byť na neveľké rozmery krypty dosť prehnané. Kostry nám ochotne poskytli na analýzu pracovníci Oravského múzea P. O. Hviezdoslava v stave, v akom boli od 70. rokov 20. storočia, keď ich predbežne hodnotil nemecký antropológ dr. Herbert Ullrich.

Kobiety i władza

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book presents the results of studies on the history of women in Poland as well as in other countries and regions of the world. The authors analyse the relations of women and power from antiquity to the end of the 20th century – from court rivalry in the times of Artaxerxes II, through images of female rulers from the Piast and Jagiellonian dynasties, to women’s history in the 19th and 20th century.

Zástavní listiny Zikmunda Lucemburského na církevní statky (1420–1437)

Author(s): Stanislav Bárta / Language(s): Czech

The book analyses Sigismund’s of Luxembourg lien on ecclesiastical goods as an instrument of his financial policy in the Kingdom of Bohemia. At first, it presents available resources and historical literature on the subject. The main part of the book is an analysis of Sigismund’s pledges on ecclesiastical goods in chronological order. This analysis is supplemented by a probe into the proportions of the Chotěšov and Zbraslav monasteries. An important part of the publication is also a catalogue of over 400 pledges and other similar acts and documents important for understanding the mechanism of pledges on ecclesiastical goods.

Śmierć, pogrzeb i upamiętnienie władców w dawnej Polsce

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book examines the problem of death, burials and commemoration of male and female rulers (not only Polish ones) since the late Middle Ages until the beginnings of the 20th century. The articles concern, on the one hand, the private sphere of monarchs’ lives, their religiousness and attitude to death and, on the other, the organisational, political and symbolic aspects of their deaths and funerals.

Loca scribendi. Miejsca i środowiska tworzące kulturę pisma w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej XV-XVIII stulecia

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The book includes texts devoted to medieval and modern loca scribendi - places and environments that played an important role in the creation and development of the culture of writing in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 15th to the 18th century. The authors analyze the origins, definitions, circumstances, limitations and effects of the development of the culture of writing through the prism of specific issues, which include: beginnings, organization and products of court, city and church offices: the beginnings of the Krakow city office, functioning of the court office, church and city offices in Old and New Warsaw, activities of a small-town municipal office on the example of Radziejów, organization of a municipal office in Gdańsk in terms of accounting and tax; correspondence of monarchs: correspondence between Elżbieta Habsburżanka and Zygmunt August as a manifestation of the functioning of the court locus scribendi; activities of consistory, as well as notaries and writers employed by them: writing activity of the general consistory in Poznań, the work of notaries and writers in the vicinity of the bishop of Poznań, Andrzej Bniński; preparing documents in parish Protestant churches in the Polish Republic and the German Reich.

Slovosled posesivních zájmen ve staré češtině

Author(s): Olga Navrátilová / Language(s): Czech

This monograph presents a detailed analysis of word order behaviour of possessive pronouns in Old Czech noun phrase. This is a phenomenon that has not been systematically studied in Czech paleo-bohemistics yet. The data analysed in this book come from Old Czech prose written approximately between the mid-fourteenth century and the end of the fifteenth century.

Mistr Jan Hus v polemice a v žaláři

Author(s): Jana Nechutová,Jana Malá / Language(s): Czech

The new translation monograph offers several Czech translations of Latin treatises of Jan Hus. As a continuation of an earlier volume (Master Jan Hus in polemicising and lecturing, 2015) it brings Czech translations of two polemical writings of the Czech reformer as well as other minor treatises that Hus wrote while he was imprisoned in Constance. Two of these were already translated into early modern Czech and the book presents these older translations in a form of readers’ edition. Moreover, the volume contains a critical tract against polyphony in church music (where Hus’s authorship is doubtful) and translations of poems written in Hus’s honour in the 16th century.

Idea univerzity z české perspektivy: Rozhovory s Jiřím Hanušem

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Czech

The aim of this book is to explore the ‘idea of a university’ and specific modern developments both abroad and in the Czech Republic through dialogues with prominent Czech academics: Stanislav Balík, Petr Dvořák, Petr Fiala, Pavel Floss, Jiří Hanuš, Petr Horák, Jakub Jirsa, Jiří Lach, Jiří Macháček, Tomáš Machula, Dominik Munzar, Ivana Noble, Jan Sokol, Daniel Soukup and Kateřina Šimáčková.

Zdroje a šíření vybraných komodit keramické produkce vrcholného a pozdního středověku

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Czech

The publication is focused on late medieval pottery products with higher aesthetical effect. The key group is represented by stove tiles, where the unifying elements of relief decoration helped to define series of motifs for stoves with specific iconographic concept, which were found in various locations. The same approach can be also used with small ceramic sculptures, aquamaniles and relief-decorated floor tiles, even though the achieved information value in these cases is much lower. Micropetrographic, XRF and other analyses helped to identify the production centres and the distribution model of these ceramic groups. 3D documentation enabled a detailed comparison of differences between individual reliefs and specific traces of manufacturing procedures. Individual chapters contain active links to the source database of analysed items and to 3D models of selected specimens from reference collections.

Wehikuły pamięci. Przeszłość i władza w dawnym Krakowie (do końca XVIII w.)

Author(s): Piotr Okniński / Language(s): Polish

The book is devoted to the culture of memory of the political elites of Kraków in the middle ages and early modern times (until the end of 18th century). The author concentrates on the workings of the city’s “vehicles of memory”: political practices aimed at the making, shaping and institutionalizing of the official memory of the city, whose chief medium were copies of privileges guarded in the city hall. This sui generis politics of memory on the part of Kraków authorities served above all to legitimize the autonomy of the city’s legal and political system. The centre coordinating the work of Kraków’s “vehicles of memory” was the chancellery run by the city council.

Urzędnicy miasta Będzina od XIV do XXI wieku

Author(s): Karol Nabiałek / Language(s): Polish

The subject of the study is the officials of the city of Będzin from the earliest times (i.e. from the 14th century) to the present. The main part is a compilation of lists of persons holding official positions in the institutions of the municipal government. The work includes biographies of selected individuals holding municipal offices in the period from the Middle Ages to the outbreak of World War II. The selection is not discretionary, but determined by the surviving sources and the possibility of using them to outline the biography. The two opening chapters provide an overview of Będzin's history and the history of its political system and municipal government from the founding of the city to the present day.

Kulturgeschichte des deutschen Mittelalters

Author(s): Maria Endreva / Language(s): German

The book presents the history of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation in the Middle Ages.