Alba amicorum Pavla z Jizbice

Author(s): Marta Vaculínová / Language(s): Czech,Latin Issue: 39/2009

This article informs about an album amicorum of Pavel of Jizbice which is bound into an old edition in the holdings of the National Library of the Czech Republic in Prague and has been found recently. The humanistic poet Pavel of Jizbice used it at the time of his studies in Annaberg. The album contains first of all records by his fellow-students. Latin and Greek of their records which are transliterated in the article is directly proportional to the erudition level of those days.

Dobrá smrt na popravišti. Návody na zacházení s odsouzenci k smrti v katolickém „ars moriendi“ ze 17. století

Author(s): Jiří Mikulec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2019

The study introduces an effort to achieve salvation for criminals who were sentenced to death during the Baroque period. It is based on a probe into the instructions for the treatment of people sentenced to death written for Roman Catholic priests and published during the 17th century. The author follows the spiritual preparations for an execution in the context of the Baroque concept of ‘good death’, which formed the core of the ‘Ars Moriendi’ literature. The texts are treated as normative historical sources, which influenced the period practice, but also were marked by it.

Vorboten des Dreißigjährigen Krieges? Zeitgenössische Reflexionen über die Kometen von 1618/19

Author(s): Martin Hille / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2019

As is well known the Bohemian Revolt of 1618 to 1620 caused a broad media echo far beyond the Holy Roman Empire. Subsequently the three comets which appeared in large parts of Europe in fall and winter 1618/1619 triggered a similar long-running debate. This is reflected by a large series of treatises, pamphlets and letters as well as nomorous notes in contemporary chronicles and diaries used as the main sources for this article. In this light the paper discusses the controversy on the comets of 1618/19 with respect to the later escalation of the Bohemian Revolt to an European war. Both synchronous and retrospective views on these events will be examined indicating a significant shift of time horizons since 1621/22. Until then most pamphletists and writers didn’t associate the celestical signs of 1618/1619 with the bohemian rebellion or an even wider war. Afterwards this historical connection was quick to establish itself in contemporary chronicles and diaries reflecting above all a change of communicative memory on both affairs.

Slavnostní vjezd Matyáše Habsburského do Budyšína roku 1611

Author(s): Mlada Holá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2019

This paper, based on an analysis of a wide spectrum of extant sources, analyses the preparations forand the course of the Upper Lusatian stage of the oath-taking journey of Matthias of Austria in 1611.It follows the preparations on the part of the monarch’s court and analyses information about thesteps taken before the ruler’s arrival by the Upper Lusatian Estates. It follows closely the stages of thewelcoming ceremony and describes the course of the oaths sworn to the Czech king.

Fryderyk I wobec Śląska — Śląsk wobec Fryderyka I: między prezentacją oczekiwań a realizowaną polityką

Author(s): Gabriela Wąs / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

In connection with the joining of Protestant Silesian princes and Estates in the Bohemian Estatesuprising in the year 1619, historians have long dealt with the journey of King Frederick I of Wittelsbach to Silesia, whose aim was to accept a tribute from the Princes of Silesia and the Estates in February and March of 1620. Until now, historiography has largely focused on the course of this journey and the ceremony associated with the king’s reception, while this paper draws attention to thepolitico-legal context of the visit, and to the political intentions of the privilege to religious freedomthat Frederick I issued to the Silesian Calvinists living in the city of Wroclaw, in an Imperial Charterfor the Calvinists dated 5 March 1620.

News from Prague

Author(s): Arthur der Weduwen / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2020

The Reports from Prague

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2020

Die Beurteilung des Böhmischen Aufstands im Pamphlet vom Winter 1618/1619

Author(s): Kateřina Pražáková / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2020

The study analyses and makes available the pamphlet Pasquill von itzigem Zustandt deßKriegswesens from 1618/1619, which has been preserved in a manuscript version inthe collections of the Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden. Most probably, together with otherintelligence documents, it was delivered to the court of Elector Johann Georg I ofSaxony, who took a strong interest in the development of the Bohemian. The author ofthe pamphlet provides a list of influential persons, power groups and countries whichcould fundamentally intervene in the conflict between the Habsburg rulers and theBohemian Estates. In each case he added a comment describing the current positionof the individual, his past and other plans. At the same time, he clearly sided with theBohemian uprising, which he attempted to defend in the eyes of the undecided. He wastherefore merciless in his criticism, especially in his discussion of various members of theHabsburg dynasty, their followers and troops. However, he also employed irony againstcertain insurgents who, in his opinion, were acting too harshly or prioritizing their owngoals. His text therefore represents an extraordinary example of an ironic evaluation ofthe contemporary military and political situation by an educated and engaged person.

Rukopisy a švédská knižní kořist z českých zemí

Author(s): Lenka Veselá / Language(s): Czech Issue: 50/1/2020

The study presents the current state of the mapping of preserved manuscripts taken away fromBohemian and Moravian libraries by Swedish troops at the end of the Thirty Years’ War. From the original number of about 1,000 manuscripts, 187 manuscripts have been preserved to this day. Most of them came from Dietrichstein (72 manuscripts), Rosenberg (50 manuscripts) and Prague Castle libraries (40 manuscripts). The article deals with the fates of the manuscripts after their transfer to Sweden and with the issues of their identification, and it provides their characteristics within the original libraries. It also outlines some new research areas, such as the position of manuscripts in the libraries of the 16th and 17th centuries and the research into the Hebrew manuscript fragments used for bookbinding, for which the ‘Swedish’ manuscripts will be an important source of information.

Podíl české katolické šlechty při utváření náboženských poměrů v Čechách ve dvacátých letech 17. století

Author(s): Josef Hrdlička / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

This study analyses the role of the Czech nobility in the first years of the post-WhiteMountain counter-reformation in the Kingdom of Bohemia. It follows this from the endof 1620, when, soon after the Battle of White Mountain, the first proposals to adjust thesituation in the rebel territory began to appear. The upper limit is the middle of 1627, notonly for political reasons but with special reference to the issuing of a patent by FerdinandII on 31 July 1627 in which he first proclaimed an attempt to catholicize the Czechnobility and at the same time reiterated that he did not intend to tolerate anyone in thecountry who would not be willing to align himself with his landlord in faith. The firstpart of the article deals with the ideas of certain Bohemian Catholic noblemen about thefuture religious development of the kingdom, which they embodied in proposals whichcame into being on the initiative of Ferdinand II or on their own initiative. Other passagesfocus on the efforts of the landowner and governor of Bohemia Charles of Liechtensteinto influence, through normative measures, the religious situation of the aristocratic estatesbefore July 1627. In conclusion, attention is paid to the efforts of certain BohemianCatholic lords who advocated a fight against non-Catholic beliefs on their own estates,which they justified by the requirement for their subjects to align themselves in faith withtheir landlords.

Postoj Saska k přenesení falcké kurfiřtské hodnosti na bavorského vévodu Maxmiliána I. v letech 1619 až 1623

Author(s): Václav Bůžek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

The consequences of the defeat of the Bohemian Uprising (1618–1620) included the disintegrationof the fragile religious balance between Protestants and Catholics in the HolyRoman Empire, where a struggle to transfer the office of Elector Palatine t

Karel starší ze Žerotína a Karel I. z Lichtenštejna

Author(s): Tomáš Knoz / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

Charles the Elder of Žerotín and Charles I of Liechtenstein are considered by modernhistoriographers dealing with early modern times to be important figures in Moravian,Czech and Central European history. Reflections on issues of status and proto-parliamentarismas well as the rise of new princely elites, issues of freedom of faith and culturaland artistic patronage are relevant to them. Interest in Charles the Elder of Žerotín at thepresent time has led to the publication of his newly discovered correspondence, to an appreciationof his language, epistographical style, political and legal education and, last butnot least, his moral values. The personality of Charles of Liechtenstein, on the other hand,has become the subject of polemic and controversy. On the one hand, Liechtenstein usedto be presented as an upstart. Emphasis was placed on his conversion, his role in the currencyconsortium, his participation in the defeat of the Bohemian Uprising and in thepunishment of its supporters. On the other hand, it is possible to encounter a defence forhim when Liechtenstein is portrayed as an aristocrat seeking compromise and protectingthe emperor’s enemies, emphasizing his role as the founder of a major princely dynasty,an expert on architecture, a patron of artists and a collector of works of art. A study ofŽerotín and, to a limited extent, Liechtenstein sources indicates that the relationshipbetween the two representatives of the White Mountain became more intense at a timewhen Žerotín and Liechtenstein came into closer contact for personal or political reasons,or can be described as socially tense. Leaving aside the period of their shared studies inMoravia and Western Europe, there are the period of Liechtenstein’s tenure of the officeof governor of Moravia, the Moravian resistance against Emperor Rudolf II, his period asgovernor of Žerotín, the period of the Bohemian and Moravian uprising, and at the sametime Liechtenstein’s „Bohemian mission” as imperial viceroy. The irregular frequency oftheir mutual contacts and the destruction of documents do not make it possible to findout what happened in the „interim periods”. All this has led historians dealing with theaforementioned issues to attempt reconstructions of sources and interpretations, and consequentlyto construct various historical myths.

„Přidává se jařmo k jařmu“

Author(s): Tomáš Sterneck / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2021

This study describes the situation in the leading Moravian royal city of Brno in the 1620s.Mostly evangelical Brno, where at the beginning of May 1619 there was a political coupin favour of the annexation of Moravia to the uprising of the Bohemian estates, facedfar-reaching sanctions after the Battle of White Mountain. In addition to feeding theCatholic soldiers who occupied the city, the locals had to deal with severe political andeconomic sanctions. These were not only directed against the townspeople engaged ina defeated denominational political camp or resisting re-Catholicization pressure, butalso had a negative affect on the everyday life of all people belonging to the city community.At the same time, even in the 1620s, Brno was beginning to be transformed into animportant support for the power structures of the ruling Habsburg dynasty. This processwas later completed by its victory over Olomouc in the competition for the status ofprovincial capital (1641/1642); Brno’s prestige was then increased thanks to its successfuldefence against the Swedes (1645). However, the awareness of deep humiliation and severehardships entered into the collective memory of the citizens of Brno so strongly that,even after several decades, it determined the character of local memories of the immediatepost-White Mountain period.

Boszorkányperek a 17. századi Marosvásárhelyen

Author(s): Árpád Botond György / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 07/2022

The witch trials from Marosvásárhely (Târgu-Mures) are typical ones in Transylvania and fit together with the other cases from the early modern period. We can identify the same processes and elements as historiography and ethnography had described. On the other hand, these cases are slightly different because these witch trials were less bloody and hysterical than usually in the seventeenth century. In the Hungarian Kingdom we cannot speak about witch hunts. Perhaps the intensity of witch hunts in a medium size Transylvanian town was smaller. This paper aims to describe and analyse the witch cases from the 17th century Târgu Mures. These cases are not that remarkable, but we can gain insight into the juridical processes through them. In the cases we can identify some interesting elements of the periods mentality.

Kemal Bašić, Zvornički sandžak u XVII stoljeću

Author(s): Šefko Sulejmanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 53/2022

Review of: Kemal Bašić, Zvornički sandžak u XVII stoljeću Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Institut za historiju, Sarajevo 2021, 418. str.

Dohlížet, léčit, trestat.

Author(s): Pavel Banďouch / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The article focuses on one aspect of the work of apostolic nuncios to the emperor in the late 16th and early 17th century in the lands of the Crown of Bohemia. Based on the analysis of selected documents of ecclesiastical provenance, including correspondence between the nuncios and the Curia, it highlights the importance of legal terminology and turns of phrase in the discourse under study.

Experimentl Husbandry in the Mid Seventeenth Century

Author(s): Oana Matei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2015

Husbandry, although having roots in several traditions, benefited from a new and revolutionary approach in the mid seventeenth century. Based on a theory of matter advocating the idea in accordance to which the same matter is to be found in every body, members of the Hartlib Circle attributed to husbandry a double character: experimental and ameliorative. Although operational and non-speculative, one of the purposes associated with the new type of husbandry was to restore the prelapsarian position. The aim of this paper is to present how the new concept of husbandry embedded the quest for regaining the natural knowledge humans possessed prior to Fall.

Diplomacia versus geopolítica: el asentamiento de la colonia británica de Carolina en la Florida española y el Tratado de Madrid de 1670

Author(s): Pablo de la Fuente de Pablo,Cezary Taracha / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2022

The article analyses the Treaty of Madrid of 1670 also known as the Treaty of Godolphin signed between Spain and Great Britain focusing on the fact that establishing the new and long Spanish-British frontier resulted in the acknowledgement of the colony of Carolina by Spain. The diplomatic agreement meant that Spain recognised the dominions that Britain held in North America and the Caribbean but at the same time put a stop to the aspirations of the British empire whose character was unquestionably predatory. This paper also seeks to demonstrate that the subsequent British expansion in these territories was entirely illegal, despite the excuses which invoked international law. The recognition of the British sovereignty by Spain meant that all territory not dominated by the British was Spanish. The violation of the Godolphin Treaty of 1670 by the British did not stem from lack of a precise border line. It was due to the fact that Florida―the territory over which the British colonies in North America were established―was of secondary geopolitical importance to Spain.

Csata a Harsány-hegynél (1687)

Author(s): Nikoletta Kiss-Mikó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Polgár Balázs: Csata a Harsány-hegynél (1687) – Háború, régészet és kulturális örökségvédelem. HM Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum. Budapest, 2020, 242 pp.

Pacų heraldikos tradicija ir giminės didybės atspindžiai XVII a. antrojoje pusėje

Author(s): Gabrielė Jasiūnienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 20/2022

In in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania the first coats or arms for nobles appeared during the late 14–15th centuries. Heraldry of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was affected by several traditions: ancient Lithuanian signs, coats of arms of Poland and other European countries. This article analyzes the heraldry of the Pacowie family. It is known that in the 2nd half of the 17th century the Pacowie family was one of the most influential noble families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Their coat of arms was Gozdawa, in which there are two fleurs-de-lis (double lily). Out of a crest coronet emerges a panaché of peacock plumes proper charged with the device of the shield. The members of Pacowie family used single-field and combined coats of arms. The coats of arms were depicted in seals, literature, portraits, and architecture. The coat of arms in the heraldic tradition of Pacowie was an important sign of the representation, majesty and belonging to the family. The coats of arms of Pacowie family members symbolized their social status, positions, family and marital lines. Double fleur de lis today remind us about the most influential noble families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – the Lithuanian “Italians” Pacowie family.