Képmelléklet
List of illustrations to the articles of the following authors: Pozsony Ferenc, T. Szabó Csilla, Tőtős Áron, Ferenczi Szilárd, Wellmann László, Murádin János Kristóf.
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List of illustrations to the articles of the following authors: Pozsony Ferenc, T. Szabó Csilla, Tőtős Áron, Ferenczi Szilárd, Wellmann László, Murádin János Kristóf.
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This paper aims to show how the “New Man” was defined in different literary and political conceptions that abounded in Spanish American culture at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Although both Americas were perceived through the stereotype of newness from the very beginning of the colonial era, it is at the end of the 19th century when the necessity to integrate the extremely heteregenous Spanish American societies brought forth a variety of renewal propositions. Focused on the spiritual or economic aspects of a given social or ethnic group (the elites, implicitly white, for Rodó or the working classes, mostly Indian, for the Indigenistas), those conceptions were not able to provide overall solutions for the Spanish American republics, struggling with a deepening neocolonial dependency. Nevertheless, many tendencies and formulas defined in that period – idealistic or politically subversive – have survived through the 20th century and resurfaced in new forms (e.g. the nuevo hombre bolivariano in Venezuela at the beginning of 21st century).
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In this paper the author tries to answer the question of what factors caused the great German author Thomas Mann to accept the official goals of World War I by focusing on his Reflections of a Non-political Man. It also discusses Thomas Mann’s disagreements with his brother Heinrich Mann and his polemics with the ideas specific to the mainstream liberal thinking. Additionally, the article considers the context of the Polish reception of Thomas Mann. The author also discusses the problem of the topicality of the writer‘s attitude.
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Purpose of the article to analyse socioeconomic changes and features which were caused by the process of industrialization in the USA, define pre-conditions, stages and consequences of industrialization, in American society. Research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization are used in research. Scientific novelty. Today, economic issues cannot be considered in isolation without the problems of the industrial sector. We now understand that industrialization is the primary factor in creating an independent and developed domestic market for each country, as the statistics show. Understanding of these high-quality changes, the introduction of industry in the economic sector of the country, can best be seen in the example of the world's most powerful economy - the United States. How this power arose, what this country as a whole and in the region had to go through, what conditions were created for further growth, and what legacy this country has now, we are interested in all this as a fundamental example of building a successful economy. Conclusions. The effects of industrialization have helped the United States raise its status in the international arena by conquering new markets for its own products. Changes also happened in American society which realized it`s status in a world economy and supported such ideas as imperialism but these ideas have taken on a different form from the European model. Structurally, the United States has built a network of clusters that have created points of attraction and economic diversity in different parts of the country.
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The aim of the article is to show the history and collections of the Zakład im. Ossolińskich in the years 1817–1939. By means of the analysis of the preserved documents and the existing literature on the subject, an attempt was made not only to show the history of the institution, selected collections from the library’s resources, but also to present its organization and people who have passed through its walls over the past 120 years. This is all the more important as, unlike many other Polish libraries, the complete history of the Ossolineum has never been written. The reason for this situation was that after 1945 almost all archives that could be used to learn about the history of the Institute remained in Lviv, and access to them was very difficult for Polish researchers, and sometimes even impossible. This situation began to change slowly after 1989. It was then that smaller or larger contributions were written about the history of the Ossolineum. Only recently, broader publications showing various aspects of the functioning of the Ossoliński National Institute. According to the founder’s intention, the institution, consisting of a library, publishing house and museum, was to not only collect various types of prints, manuscripts, works of art, but also make its collections available to all interested parties. The starting date of the article was determined by the establishment of the Institute, which took place in 1817. The founder spent several years considering where the institution would have its seat. Ultimately, after his death in 1827, the collections collected by Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński were transported to Lviv and placed in the rebuilt former church and convent of Carmelite sisters. It was then that the collections collected by the Lubomirski family from Przeworsk were finally added to the Ossolineum. Over a period of over 100 years, numerous manuscripts, archives, books, magazines and works of art have been added to the collection of the Ossolineum. The end date of the presented article is set in 1939. The outbreak of World War II began a new dramatic period in the history of the Ossolineum, which ended with its transfer to Wrocław in 1945.
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The article attempts to present the history of Luther’s Evangelical Parish, existing in the years 1896-1945. It was the oldest in Wrzeszcz (Langfuhr), a rapidly developing suburb of Gdansk (Danzig) in the Wilhelminian Era. In the interwar period it was also one of the two largest evangelical parishes in the entire Free City of Danzig. New parishes were separated from its territory twice. Luther’s parish played a key role in the pastoral ministry of military units stationed in Wrzeszcz (Langfuhr) until 1920, further, among others, in creating a new central municipal cemetery in Danzig and in the history of the local anti-Nazi Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) movement.
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The purpose of the article is to determine and explore the relationship and interaction of historical events (Russian Revolution of 1917 and its consequences; World War II (1939-1945); anti-Roma policy of Nazism and the Holocaust; the collapse of the USSR) on the formation of Roma culture in the context of socio-cultural space of Ukraine XXI century. The methodology is based on the use of historical, socio-cultural methods to reveal the historical truth in the formation of Roma culture in different chronological periods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time in chronological order the relationship and interaction of historical events of the ХХ century (the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its consequences; World War II (1939-1945); anti-Roma policy of Nazism and the Holocaust; the collapse of the USSR) and the formation of Roma culture in the context of the socio-cultural space of Ukraine in the XXI century, determines the origin, formation, current state, and influence of Roma art on the development of Ukrainian culture of the XXI century. Conclusions. Historical events, from ancient times to the present, including the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its consequences, World War II (1939-1945), anti-Roma policies of Nazism, the Holocaust, the collapse of the USSR, had a relationship and decisive influence on the formation of Roma culture in the context of the socio-cultural space of Ukraine of the XXI century. The first Holodomor became a motive for strengthening the Ukrainian national consciousness, the settlement of Roma on the territory of Ukraine, and uniting the joint efforts of Ukrainians to resist the Soviet government. During the Second World War, the Roma did not lose their optimism and thirst for creativity, raised the fighting spirit with military songs, dances, and amateur front-line concerts. It was emphasized that a significant number of Roma were killed in the punitive actions of the Nazi occupation regime in Ukraine. In the middle of the twentieth century, no book in the Romani language (neither artistic nor scientific) was published in the USSR, and Romani schools were closed. The development of Roma culture was formal. After the collapse of the USSR, Roma artists were able to tour freely around the world and integrate their culture without any fear of oppression of their creative activities, continuing their development in the socio-cultural space of Ukraine in the XXI century.
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Les auteurs de l'ouvrage mettent en évidence la contribution remarquable apportée par la Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge de la Roumanie au noble effort de notre peuple pour la conquête de l'indépendance d'Etat pendant les glorieuses années 1877—1878 ; 1916—1918. On mentionne que toutes les mesures d'organisation prises par la Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge ont eu comme but la préparation dans les meilleures conditions de celle-ci, pour pouvoir assumer les tâches qui lui revenaient pendant la guerre. La Société Nationale de la Croix Rouge a été un véritable catalyseur des masses : elle a contribué à la levée des donations destinées à soutenir les troupes et certains de ses membres ont pris part effectivement à la guerre (soignant les malades et les blessés) faisant preuve d'abnégation, d'esprit de sacrifice, de patriotisme ; d'ailleurs pour leur héroïsme beaucoup d'eux ont été décorés. Pendant les années de la première guerre mondiale, la Société de la Croix Rouge de la Roumanie a agi dans des conditions extrêmement difficiles sur le territoire temporairement occupé et en Moldavie, soignant les malades, les blessés, les invalides, les orphelins... Par cette vole les auteurs de l'ouvrage rendent hommage à tous ceux qui ont déployé une activité soutenue dans le cadre de la Croix Rouge ne se ménageant en rien pour conquérir et maintenir l'Indépendance nationale.
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The article examines the Boycott as a reaction against the Annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary and the proclamation of the Bulgarian independence from the Ottoman Empire. As a formal violation of the Berlin Treaty from 1878, they unleashed the most serious international crisis on the eve of the First World War. The article reveals the different forms of this protest movement against goods and ships from the Dual Monarchy and Greece in the Balkans and outside the region. The text puts the boycott in the broader context of political, ideological and economic claims in the Ottoman Empire, Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania.
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Review of: Hasan Hasić - Muslimani Jugoslavije nakon Velikog rata: odjeci Mirovnog ugovora iz Saint- Germaina 1919., urednik: Hikmet Karčić, prijevod: Aleksandar Gašić, Elmina Mušinović, Institut za islamsku tradiciju Bošnjaka, Sarajevo, 2020.
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In 1881–1914, two million Jews emigrated from the Russian Empire, with 78 percent of them settling in the United States of America. The article focuses on the local dimension of the great migration. Two towns in Podlasie (Bielsk and Orle), mostly inhabited by Jews, serve as the case study. An attempt is made to estimate the size of the Jewish migration and to reveal its anatomy, including questions related to getting passports, illegal border crossing, and the attitude of the authorities to the Jewish exodus.
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Review of: Radosław Żurawski vel Grajewski - Krzysztof Marchlewicz, U szczytu potęgi. Wielka Brytania w latach 1815–1914, Poznań 2019, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, ss. 326
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![MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Henrieta et al. Bratislava (ne)plánované mesto [Bratislava, (Un)planned City]. Bratislava: Slovart, 2020, 624 pp. ISBN 978-80-556-4696-1](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2021_64353.jpg)
Review: MORAVČÍKOVÁ, Henrieta et al. Bratislava (ne)plánované mesto [Bratislava, (Un)planned City]. Bratislava: Slovart, 2020, 624 pp. ISBN 978-80-556-4696-1
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The base research source for the article are the registers of premarital announcements from the years 1913–1924. It contained 1296 register of engaged couples, nearly half of which were exogemic (mixed denominations), mostly Polish-Ukrainian. The mentioned registered are (for the most part) comparable. The personal data of the couples and their parents, place and date of birth, place of inhabitancy and religion and specific denomination. They also contain links and summaries of different documents and certificates produced by the eparchial curia. The contents are richer than the later marital books. They register in detail the state of mixed relationships in statu nascendi, at the moment of their forming, making preparations for the wedding and gathering the needed documentation and taking the vow among witnesses, along with the signature on the document. The personal range is also much wider, because the registers also contained mentions of engagements that were cancelled and couples, that received the sacrament in the temple of the female bethrothed, in the Roman Catholic denomination. The books present the social and religious phenomenon in the form of mixed Polish- Ukrainian marriages in the frontier territories of the Rzeczpospolita.
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1895 was the first year of the “Brazilian fever” in Galicia, i.e. a migration wave of peasant masses from Galicia to Brazil. In my article, I analyze the content of the 1895 “transitional” volume of Przegląd Wszechpolski (“All-Polish Review”), previously called Przegląd Emigracyjny (Migration Review), when the Lviv journal passed into the hands of the National League. I shall discuss the ways in which folk masses were presented in particular articles, and reflect on the meaning of the concept of colonization used there. In the articles of Przegląd Wszechpolski, the idea of Polish colonization (i.e. the settlement in Brazil and the United States of the peasant masses expelled by poverty from their home villages in partitioned Poland) began to intertwine with the idea of the colonization of these masses – attempts to ensure that they would remain Polish and Catholic, and with the idea of the expansion of Polish national body, so that it takes its proper place in the global capitalist economy. I argue that dealing with Polish colonisation played significant role in the National Democracy’s “turn toward discipline,” usually associated with another example of spontaneous mobilization of the masses – the 1905 revolution.
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The author interprets the figures of European workers and colonized Africans presented as slaves of capitalism and imperialism, the image that circulated in the social and cultural imagination in Germany after the Berlin Conference (1884-1885). The aim of the article is to introduce the concept of “counterimagination” and show how the image of the rabble became juxtaposed with a visualization of the black slave. The author argues that both figures were considered to be a real threat to the German social order and to German Kultur, and concentrates on the popular images of the “other” circulating in the German visual culture after 1880. The first part of the article is devoted to the aesthetics of the weekly satirical magazine Simplicissimus founded in April 1896. In the second part, the aggressive propaganda campaign against the Occupation of the Rhineland by French colonial troops is discussed. The author describes the mechanisms of envisioning black soldiers and points out the anticolonial reactions to the “Black Shame” campaign.
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The book Kresowy kalejdoskop (Kaleidoscopic Borderlands) by Włodzimierz Mędrzecki deals with social processes, and national and ethnic changes in the eastern territories of the Second Polish Republic as well as the state policy towards them. In his assessment of this policy, the author managed to avoid national bias as well as teleology and presentism. Mędrzecki did not refer to the model of colonialism in the interpretation of Polish rule in the Eastern Borderlands throughout the interwar period. His book, however, offers material for reflection on the relevance of this model to the history of Poland’s relations with its eastern neighbours.
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The Institute for constitutional Ministerial criminal liability in Bulgaria is based on article 155-159 from the Constitution of the Bulgarian Principality, adopted in 1879. It provides for a specific procedure through which the members of the government to be judged outside of the civil courts. From 1880 to 1923, through this procedure four trials were held. In this case, we focus on the work of the Second State Court (1910–1914). We explore potential law violations committed by ministers from the popular liberal government of Bulgaria, in the period of 1903–1908. Later, in 1913 year, the indictment, was published. This research study analyzes the supposed crimes of the former Minister of War Mikhail Savov that are subject to an indictment. The author comes to the conclusion that most of the allegations are unfounded. In 1914, as a result of political reasons, the decision of the Parliament was made to remove the criminal responsibility of the ministries.
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