Sveti Sava, preporoditelj našeg društva

Author(s): Josip Smodlaka / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 07/1922

U današnji dan, pred 686 godina, preminuo je najveći narodni svetac srpske pravoslavne crkve, Sveti Sava, kojega večeras slavi čitava naša domovina, pa evo i mi, u ovom bratskom kolu okupljeni Slovenci, Srbi i Hrvati, na najsevernijoj granici naše države. To što mi Jugosloveni, bez razlike vere i imena, u sve to većem broju učestvujemo kod svetosavske proslave, i što već katolike iz hrvatskih strana zapada čast da drže pomen velikom srpskom svetitelju, to dokazuje da slava Svetog Save prelazi granice verskoga i plemenskoga kruga te se sve to više diže do opće narodne i opće hrišanske znamenitosti.

Југославија у кризама.

Author(s): Ivo Kolbe / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 07/1922

Толико се о томе писало; говорило и наздрављало за ове три године, да је то ваше Јуrословенство постало као неки изветрели алкохол. А данас га највише обарају баш они који су га иајrрлатије иѕвикивали.

Политичке индискреције.

Author(s): Robert William Seton-Watson / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 07/1922

У једном свом чланку од nрошле године, у Новој Евроnи, споменуо сам и оскудицу интелектуалних веза између Велике Британије и Јуrославије. Од онога доба (јуна 1921), стање се у том погледу још поrоршало, поглавито услед три чињенице - nрво, да је динар тако јако пао, што је наравно отежало Југословенима у знатној мери путовање преко мора; друго, упорна одлука југословенске владе, да не помогне школовање своје омладине у Енглеској; али нарочито, и пре свега, спољна политика коју води југословенска влада већ целе последње године. Xoћy да се задржим на последњој и најважнијој од ове три тачке; али пре него што почнем: о томе, држим да ће бити корисно за саму. ствар, ако покушам дати један опćћенит преглед британске светске политике у овоме часу, са rледишта човека који нема никаких званичних веза, и који је често отворено и оштро кpiтикoвao британску политику у току оне две године што су следовале nримирју.

ЕKONOMSKI PREGLED. Trgovinski ugovor sa Nemačkom.

Author(s): Ivo Belin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 07/1922

Dne 31. januara ove godine, Narodna Skupština, skoro jednoglasno, odobrila је novi trgovinski ugovor sa Nemačkom. Јоš fali odobrenje nemačkoga parlamenta i ratifikacija ра da ovaj važan ugovor stupi na snagu.

Beleške

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11/1920

Nezgode plebiscita Jugoslaveni u Australiji Ljubomir Nedić

U izgnanstvu

Author(s): Milan Ćurčin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11/1920

Ovih dana izašla je knjiga gospodina profesora Šišića, u kojoj se objavljuju sakupljeni dokumenti i pismena poglavito iz doba našeg izgnanstva za vreme Rata, po uzoru na zbirku akata i dokumenata povodom rešavanja Jadranskog Pitanja na Pariskoj Konferenciji koju je profesor Šišić nedavno izdao. Mi smo uvereni da je učeni izdavač i ovom prilikom prikupio sve do čega je mogao doći, i što njemu - koji nije bio u izgnanstvu - može izgledati od veće ili manje važnosti za rasvetljenje onog važnog perijoda u kojem smo mi, kao država bez teritorije i vojska bez zemlje, vodili spolja rat s neprijateljima, naporedo sa saveznicima i s njihovom pomoću, dok je veći deo naroda čamao u ropstvu kod kuće ili pod neprijateljskom okupacijom.

Dr. Elsie Inglis

Author(s): Robert William Seton-Watson / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11/1920

Ovih dana navršilo se tri godine od smrti jedne od najblagorodnijih žena u europskoj istoriji, i najveće dobrotvorke našega naroda za vreme Rata, škotkinje Dr. Elsi Ingls. Ona je umrla - kao što se zacelo sećaju svi koji su tada bili u izgnanstvu - u ladji, na povratku iz Rusije, pošto je stigla s poslednjim transportom naših dobrovoljaca, do Njukastla na engleskoj obali i pošto je - iznesena na nosilima na kopno za nekoliko časa, teško bolesna -- ispratila i poslednji odred naših vojnika za Solun. Njima je ona bila otišla (sa 75 britanskih ženskih lekara i bolničarki) u Dobrudžu, u jesen 1916, da ih neguje i bez njih se nije htela vratiti kući ni na ponovne pozive britanske vlade. Šta je sve uradila ova junačna i pametna žena za našu vojsku i za naš narod - u Srbiji, kod kuće u Velikoj Britaniji, i u Rusiji - o tome je nešto pisano, a više će se još pisati. Ovde donosimo oproštajne reči njenog bližeg zemljaka i najboljeg prijatelja, Dra. Sitona Vatsona - s kojim je tolike planove u našu korist zajednički skovala; članak je bio napisan za englesku "Novu Evropu''. od 6. decembra 1917, povodom nljene smrti.

Šta se čuje.

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11/1920

KOMPLETNO IZDANJE KNJIGA III. BROJ 3., 1921

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 03/1921

Egy határváltozás dimenziói. Az osztrák–magyar határvidék száz évvel ezelőtt

Author(s): Ibolya Murber / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

The reason for this special issue was the hundred year anniversary. The latest insights into World War I and the turbulent post-war years can contribute to reassessing the traditional narratives about West Hungary. The authors of this volume include young researchers at the beginning of their careers as well as experienced colleagues with great insights and a significant scientific reputation. In their studies, they analyse important themes in the history of West Hungary. The recent literature and the studies in this volume draw attention to the fact that the peace treaties and the Austro–Hungarian border-drawing process, while important, were not the only elements of the events of a hundred years ago. As everywhere in the former Habsburg Monarchy, the war-weariness of population and the socio-economic challenges influenced the public discourse in West Hungary too. Existential questions of everyday life pushed the question of the new state border into the background. The authors deliberately did not analyse any political-historical topics, since the aim was to give new approaches and shades to the traditional narratives. They display a wide range of approaches about the events of a hundred years ago. From the socioeconomic inventory of western Hungary we can get to the memory culture of the city of Sopron. The reviews at the end of the special issue take us into the recent literature on West Hungary and border studies after World War I.

Az osztrák–magyar határvita gazdasági aspektusai az első világháború után

Author(s): Ibolya Murber / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

The possession of the narrow border strip in western Hungary was more of a symbolic nature than real economic value in the crisis management of the two states. For internal consolidation and legitimacy, Vienna and Budapest both needed foreign policy successes and lively trade relations. When Austria officially laid claim to the predominantly German-speaking areas of German-West Hungary, it did not occupy the area and used no other means to pressure the area transfer. Behind Vienna’s wait-and-see policy were–among other things–serious economic coercion. In the border dispute, the Hungarian strategy was initially based on the exploitation of Austrian food dependence. Following the Austrian peace treaty this policy shifted to time drag. Despite political and territorial unrest, the economies of Austria and Hungary remained closely intertwined after the First World War. The transfer of territory in late autumn 1921 made it possible to normalize trade relations and thus contributed to the consolidation of both states. Overall, the significant political, diplomatic and military efforts invested in the border dispute were not balanced with the economic and ethnographic benefits of the area.

Fekete éjszakában az éjszaka feketézői. Csempészek mindennapjai a nyugati határsávban, 1918–1922

Author(s): Adrienn Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper will describe the activities of the inhabitants of the Austro–Hungarian border. It will discuss the way in which the interregional economy that had been developed over decades was subjected to the process of political separation of Austria and Hungary. In what way the two states having lost the war and previously co-operated within the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy could regulate the cross-border social and business life that used to be so natural to the inhabitants. The mechanism of the smuggling operations designed and expanded since 1916 along with the associated social strategies will be highlighted. Illustrating the process by which smuggling has transformed from forced adaptation to survival into a means of livelihood and social uplift, a consciously, long-term investment.

A nyugat-magyarországi közlekedési hálózat változásai a trianoni békeszerződés következtében

Author(s): Péter Kalocsai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Because of the peace treaties that ended the First World War, Hungary lost its western borderlands. In this area, the Austrian province of Burgenland was formed in 1922. The study presents and analyses in a complex way the impact of the new Austrian–Hungarian border on transport in the region. The new borders have taken away, cut in two or dismembered many of the long-established transport corridors (road and rail) of West Hungary. The main transport corridors of Western Transdanubia traditionally led not only to Budapest but also to Vienna, and the Central European transport corridor going from north to south, the Amber Road, passed through it. Thanks to the new state border, the latter area was shared by four states. Occasionally absurd situations arose, such as the railway lines connecting two Hungarian towns, Kőszeg and Sopron, or Kőszeg and Csepreg, being given to Austria without any connection to the Austrian railway network, or the splitting up of the Sopron–Kismarton (Eisenstadt)–Pozsony (Bratislava) railway, which was shared by three countries. Due to the terms of the Treaty of Trianon, air traffic stopped for almost a year and a half. Service halted on the Budapest–Vienna and the Budapest– Szombathely air corridors. The transport in the new Austrian province of Burgenland was also adversely affected by the fact that the major transport hubs (rail, road) remained in Hungary and initially it had no transport corridor going from north to south, and several of its railway lines were not connected to the Austrian railway network, only to the Hungarian. The conclusion of the study is that due to the treaties closing World War I agglomerations, transport routes and habits have greatly changed in the studied region.

Csikóhal és darázsderék. Burgenland térképezett földrajza

Author(s): Ferenc Jankó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Drawing on the literature of history of geographical knowledge, this paper attempts to analyze Burgenland’s reception as a cartographic entity to understand how it was depicted and represented, how the maps were explained, and how these maps served the geographical discourses on Burgenland. The analysis of ten published maps from the interwar period shows how the loss of the province’s would-be capital determined the discourse on regional dividedness, i.e. the two-facedness of Burgenland and how it was presented as a fundamental problem of the province’s political geography. This problem was offset by several maps by imagining and depicting a drawing of a greater Burgenland. Later, in the explicit geopolitical papers, the question of further territorial rearrangements was also raised, paralleled with the conceptualization of Burgenland’s geopolitical roles in the unified German space.

Hétköznapok a határviták árnyékában

Author(s): N. Zsolt Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Bencsik Péter: Demarkációs vonaltól államhatárig. A határ menti társadalom és konfliktusai az 1920-as években. Bp., Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet, 2022. 155 p. (Magyar Történelmi Emlékek. Értekezések. Trianon-dokumentumok és -tanulmányok, 11.)

Új határ az Alpokalján

Author(s): Tamás Révész / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Murber Ibolya: Nyugat-Magyarországtól Burgenlandig, 1918–1924. Határtörténetek az első világháború után. Bp., Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet, 2021. 184 p. (Magyar Történelmi Emlékek. Értekezések. Trianon dokumentumok és -tanulmányok, 10.

Megalkotni és megismerni. Burgenland földrajzának kezdetei

Author(s): Bálint Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2022

Jankó Ferenc: Burgenland földrajzi felfedezése. Tudomány, geopolitika és identitás a két világháború között. Bp., Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézet, 2021. 365 p. (Magyar Történelmi Emlékek. Értekezések. A vidék vonzásában, 2.)

A két világháború közötti szélsőjobboldal interpretációi a nyugati történetírásban

Author(s): Ádám Lajkó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2022

The paper surveys the main interpretational schemes of interwar fascist movements in western historiography. It examines the origin of the concept of fascism, and its connections to other possible labels, e. g. the extreme right. The paper then follows the concept of totalitarianism, from its birth, to its development and political utilization during the early Cold War years, to its final dissolution. It surveys those alternative approaches, which describe this phenomenon as a descendant of anti-enlightenment thought. In addition, it examines a radical opposite of the previous interpretation, which describes these movements as first representatives of developmentalism. The paper then presents those approaches, which aim to create a generic concept of fascism, and examines the term political religion. Finally it surveys the literature on the borders of fascism, and on its diverse relationship with pre-war conservatives.

Hol húzódjon a német–lengyel határ? Nemzeti önrendelkezés, területi követelések és harc a szénmezőkért Felső-Sziléziában a nagy háború után

Author(s): Barnabás Juhász / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2022

Although many believed the November 1918 armistices brought the desired peace back to the everyday life, the soon coming events proved quite the opposite. Despite all the efforts of contemporary great statesmen of both the victors and the losers, Eastern and Central Europe still had to experience a new wave of regional conflicts. By the collapse of the dominant empires and the weakening of state power many formerly suppressed nations and minorities had the historical opportunity to redraw the map of Europe at their own pleasure. One of the crucial territories was Upper Silesia, laying on the eastern border Germany–whose post-war future was far from being certain but still wanted to maintain its Central European influence–and on the southwestern border of the newly resurrected Poland, which struggled to regain its former power lost more than a century before. For its ethnically mixed population both states’ nationalist factions claimed Upper Silesia inseparably belonged to them and in the middle of the post-war economic crisis none of them wanted to risk losing a region with developed industry and various natural resources.

“Separation is Required in Our Special Situation”: Minority Public Health Programs in Interwar Transylvania

Author(s): Zsuzsa Bokor / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper presents the distinctive manner in which the Hungarian public health system in Transylvania was built up, parallel to the state structures in the interwar period. In several policies and public health projects, the young medical generation of the 1930s formed the basis of the biologically based ethnic community of Hungarians in Transylvania. This process was presented by them as part of ethnic survival and made the presence of the doctor necessary. The paper discusses the foundation of minority health institutes and also the discourses around the formation of these.