We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The paper describes the introduction and implementation of labor legislation in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Bulgaria after the First World War. Labor legislation, covering the working time of eight hours, the Act on Hygiene and the Protection of Workers and the Law on Social Security, that was established under the pressure of international institutions in most cases was not respected, but represented a major step towards the development of economic and social institutions in these two countries. Protest and resistance of businessmen due to the introduction of social and labor laws reflected on underdeveloped and weak industries, just as the Bulgarian and Yugoslavian were. It could be concluded that the social legislation existed, but was not applied. The Western forms of legislation applied to the Balkan states had the fate of the majority of other institutional modern innovations – remaining only on paper, and being the subject of circumvention as often as possible.
More...
Until the First World War left bank of the river Sava was the border of the territory which is due to its location, water flooded land and wetlands remain undeveloped. With the formation of the Kingdom of SCS at the end of 1918, that terrain became suitable for the development of Belgrade, due to its relatively short distance from the city center and because of the opportunity to integrate the neighboring Zemun into the capital. The first ideas about the spread of Belgrade across the Sava River were formed during the preparation of the General Urban Planning of Belgrade in 1923. However, only with the development of the bridge of King Alexander and his inclusion of this area into the Belgrade in 1934 was created more favorable conditions for implementation of urban planning. By the beginning of World War II in 1941, the Belgrade administration developed a regulatory plan for left bank of the Sava and began with restoration work in this field, in order to undertake planned construction. Also, it was built Belgrade Fair, started the construction of the racecourse, and from the mid-thirties public transport began to traffic. At the same time, it was formed unplanned settlement “New Belgrade”, with which the first populations of the Belgrade began to settle over the Sava River. With that it had begun the process of urban development in this area and setting the foundations of New Belgrade, which was built in this area after World War II, at the time of socialist Yugoslavia.
More...
During the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes education in Bosnia and Herzegovina encountered numerous problems: a lack of qualified teachers, school buildings, teaching tools, the absence of children from school, attempted unification of curricula and textbooks, nationalist activities in schools and so on. The JMO deputees in the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sought to change this situation. They were trying to increase the number of primary and secondary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina so that more children could attend school. They urged for organizing analphabetic courses in order to reduce the number of illiterate persons, as well as for opening and better work of domestic schools. They pointed out a lack of textbooks, weakness in the work of inspectors and supervisors and the uneven ethnic and confessional disposition of teachers at urban and rural schools. The deputees were particularly sharp in pointing out the frequent occurrence of consecration of public schools by the Orthodox priests and asked that “education should be free of politics“. In the National Assembly of the Kingdom of SHS the most active deputees were Džafer Kulenović, Edhem Mulabdić, Fehim Kurbegović, Hamzalija Ajanović, Halid-beg Hrasnica, Hamid Kurbegović and Husein Alić. However, they were very often lonely and misunderstood in the struggle for better education in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
More...
The activities of Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis and his clandestine Black Hand organisation in Serbia have long been scrutinised in connection with the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 and the outbreak of the First World War. Regent Alexander and the Pašić government dealt severely with the Black Hand in the Salonica show trial in 1917 when Apis and two of his friends were sentenced to death, a number of officers sentenced to prison and other Black Handers purged from the civilian and military authorities. The rest of Black Handers, particu¬larly those more prominent, who survived the war found themselves in a position of pariah in the newly-founded Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). They were constantly under the watchful eye of the authorities and suspected of plot¬ting subversive activities. To be sure, the Black Handers remained in close contact and sought to bring about a “revision” of the Salonica trial and rehabilitate themselves and their dead comrades. This paper focuses on three particular Black Handers, Božin Simić, Radoje Janković and Mustafa Golubić – although their other friends are also mentioned in connection with them – who offered stiff resistance to the regime that had condemned them. Their cases demonstrate that some of former Apis’s associates in time came to terms with the authorities in order to secure peaceful existence or even obtain a prominent status, whereas other remained staunch opponents of King Alexander and their frustration took the shape of a left-wing opposition ranging from republicanism to outright communism.
More...
This article focuses on non-tariff, i.e. unorthodox trade protectionist schemes imposed by governments of Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Poland in the aftermath of WWI. The policies of state intervention in the four countries are analyzed from a comparative perspective, and presented in a global context of changes. Equal consideration is given to the legal framework of policy and the ways it was applied in reality.
More...
The world economy late in 1929. was straddled is a big crisis, prompting bank breakdowns, strikes, shortage of working capital, increased confidence in the financial market and the gradual impoverishment of the population. Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina was engulfed in the crisis with some delay (1931.). The earliest it felt was in agriculture expanding soon to other economic sectors. Particularly negative impact of the crisis on the industry had the introduction of trade restrictions in the international market. Inability to exports and weakening purchasing power of the rural population has narrowed the circle of consumers of industrial goods. The crisis has had a particular impact in wood, metal and chemical industry, ie With export industries, prisiliviši them to adjust production volume weak internal market that could absorb their entire production. This has led to a reduction in production, release of a large number of workers and ultimately the suspension of a large number of companies, which is why the industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina suffered great losses.
More...
This paper deals with the organization and state mektebs in Tuzla in early 1934/35., citing in its entirety on an “Listing of maktabs” dated from the 24th October 1934. According to this statement, in Tuzla, and its immediate environs 11 mektebs were operational. By its status mektebs were organized as sibjan mektebs and mektebs-Ibtidaije. Mekteb classes were by held muallims with different professional titles and annual grounds of jurisdiction. All mektebs wore name of the place where they were established, but one mektebs called “Maktab of King Peter.” In the introductory part of the paper speaks generally about maktabs, with special reference to the situation mektebs in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The main part of the paper contains the most important information maktabs in congregation Tuzla in the above mekteb school year. Finally, in the schematic view, we presented an integrated picture of treated Tuzla mektebs and derived conclusions.
More...
U ponedeljak, 22. avgusta 1921, odneli su u Topolu, u srce Šumadije, i sahranili u crkvi na Oplencu smrtne ostatke kralja Petra Karadjordjevića. Tu je crkvu tamo dao sazidati sam kralj Petar, i sam je izabrao u njoj mesto gde će leći i boraviti večni san. I kao što je, poput starih srpskih vladalaca, sazidao sebi crkvu za života, zadužbinu na ovome svetu, tako je — po njihovu uzoru — hteo da dočeka i kraj svoj, spremajući se za nj postom i molitvom i bogougodnim životom.
More...
Dugo će još biti kompaktnih celina koje će i dalje na nekojim porušenim predrasudama graditi svet svojih misli, jer razvitak znanosti polako i s naporom razbistrava duševne izvore života svih društvenih slojeva
More...
Она је мутна. Смрт Краља Петра учинила ју је још мутнијом. И оминозном. Ето, на глас о смрти болеснога старог Краља, који ннје дошао изненада, није могао млади краљ доћи из Париза, јер је болестан. И није могао доћи, да положи заклетву на устав у прописаном року.
More...