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Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
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Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
More...
Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.
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The origins of Polish Archivist Community can be seen in scientific and organisational activities of Polish historians in the second half of the 19th century and in establishing archives in the revived Polish state. The notion of archivist community encompasses people for whom archives serve as places of work, education or research. Belonging to this community means common conditions for work, didactic and research activities whose foundations are archives and their work. Archivists are also people who, having worked in archives, educate students at universities, conducting archivist research at the same time as well as researchers dedicated to gathering, preserving, preparing and sharing archival materials but not employed at the archives. Archivists are present in the scientific and didactic community as archivist research usually goes together with didactic. It is worth mentioning that such group merging and combining didactic with archive work and scientific research as well as transfer of workers from archives to education has occurred for more than a hundred years. It influences the way an archivist-practitioner, an archivist-researcher or an archivist-educator does his job and the role he plays in archivist community. Thus, the community ought to ensure – through comprehensive research and the publication of its results – that the long-time contribution towards the protection of Polish national heritage will not be forgotten. The article puts forward suggestions concerning basic terms and their extent and shows meritorical range of the future research.
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The article discusses the activities of workers of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, founded in 1808 as National General Archive, subsequently called Central Archives of the Polish Kingdom, Warsaw Central Archive of Historical Records of the Polish Kingdom, and the Warsaw Archives of Historical Records, which in 1945 were enlarged with the collections of the Archive of Historical Records, the Archive of Treasury and the Archive of the Public Education. The author shows how particular workers of the Archive, among others: Feliks J. Bentkowski, Adolf Pawiński, Teodor Wierzbowski, Józef J. Siemieński, Jadwiga Karwasińska, Adam Stebelski, Kazimierz Konarski, Irena Sułkowska-Kurasiowa, Józef Płocha, Franciszka Ramotowska contributed to development and popularization of its resources through numerous publications, conferences, courses, workshops and presentations. The article explores their main areas of activity, including publications which aimed at spreading knowledge of the Archive’s resources.
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The article discusses the factors formative for the life of Józef Paczkowski, the first director of the Department of the State Archives in the independent Republic of Poland. The author shows his education and his family’s attitude to it, Paczkowski’s dilemmas about choosing his professional career, which were typical for young Polish people living in the Prussian Partition in the last decades of the 19th century and connected with Germanization policy. The article explores Paczkowski’s doctoral thesis, its reviews and its meaning for historical research; it also shows the experience he gained while working for the Prussian archivist network and in the Secret State Archives in Berlin, in State Archives in Poznań and Gdańsk. The author describes his journalistic work for “Dziennik Poznański” (Poznań Daily) and his cooperation with German, Polish and French historians.
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The articles discusses the activities of Józef Jasnowski (1906–2009), a historian, a graduate of the Faculty of Humanities at Warsaw University, a student of Wanda Moszczeńska and Oskar Halecki, a source publisher, a Polish Reformation scholar, an education organiser in Great Britain and a lecturer at universities abroad. Jasnowski was a lecturer at the Polish University Abroad and the Polish School of Political and Social Sciences in London; he took part in Congresses of Polish Culture Abroad (1970, 1985, 1995) and edited the works of the Third Congress in 1995. The article discusses his activity in the Polish Historical Society in Great Britain and his collaboration with Oskar Halecki. It also presents his main publications and emphasises the need for further research on Jasnowski’s works.
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The article aims to present K. Konarski’s views on history, state and society. It is also an attempt to broaden studies on archivists’ biographies through showing their social views and relationships with their environment. It corresponds with the thesis expressed by the author of the article. There are many factors crucial for the publication of Konarski’s memoirs: one of them was his intention to recount his own experiences during the Second World War and preserve the memory of the deeds performed by his family, the archivist community, the people of Warsaw and the conspiracy organisations operating in the city. As Konarski’s memoirs have many threads, it is extremely difficult to put them in the hierarchical order. Konarski used many forms when talking about the past. He appreciated literary narrative in history, which enabled him to access many more readers, especially children and the youth. These two groups are important addressees of his works: he considered communicating with them a key element of historian and archivist’s activity. A literary narrative was a valuable form of promoting knowledge of the archives’ resources. Konarski’s memoirs are a major source of understanding his personality and values: he appreciated work and tried to be optimistic in life. His war experiences enabled him to show any war as a factor destroying people, social relationships, belief in what is right and trust in other people. In his memoirs he treated all social groups, not only the elite of the society, with respect. His ethical and academic decisions relied on the values grounded on the reflections about the past and the reverence for Polish cultural heritage.
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The article, using collections of documents, archival materials and historiography, discusses the forced act of taking out cultural heritage assets from Vilnius to Russia in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century and the restitution policy of Polish and Lithuanian representatives in 1918–1940. The author explores such problems as: 1) what cultural heritage assets were taken out of Vilnius to Russia in the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century; 2) how Polish and Lithuanian representatives attempted to recover cultural heritage assets; 3) how the Polish-Lithuanian conflict over Vilnius influenced the restitution process of Vilnius archival materials; 4) what consequences the restitution of Vilnius cultural heritage assets had. The definition of restitution used in the article means the act of restoring goods (in this case cultural heritage assets) that were taken out illegally to their rightful owner; it means restoring the former state of affairs (restitutio in integrum). The author points to the conflict between Lithuania and Poland over Vilnius, which had destructive influence on the restitution of cultural heritage assets of this city. The results were poor as virtually nothing was regained. The conflicts and protests resulting from either regaining the cultural heritage assets or intentions to do so between the representatives of Lithuania and Poland were used by Russia and the USSR acting as intermediary and offering a solution impossible for both sides: if you decide which country Vilnius should belong to, we will give you back the city and its cultural heritage assets. Certain attempts to work together to regain the cultural assets which belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth heritage could be seen just before the Second World War, in 1939. The outbreak of war and the Soviet occupation of Poland and Lithuania stopped all such efforts and caused substantial losses to Vilnius archives, museums, libraries, societies and private people.
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The year 2019 marks the hundredth anniversary of the decree on the organisation of state archives and archive care, which seems a good opportunity to look at the development of Polish archive law initiated then. Most of its regulations are devoted to archive administration, i.e. state archives and administrative bodies they are subordinated to. The law regulations specify the objectives to be fulfilled by the archive administration and the methods adopted. This last element defines the legal instruments to be used by the archivists, especially where they perform in the manner appropriate to that of administration, i.e. influencing other bodies unilaterally. Within the last one hundred years and on the example of three consecutive archive law regulations, it is possible to examine the changes in archive administration regulations and their objectives. They reflect the changes in fundamental state principles, the evolution of the needs met by the archives and, in the broader context, technical, social and civilisational transformations. The manifestations of such changes can be seen in regulations on gathering and providing archive materials by state archives and in the laws concerning the interaction between the public and private owners of the archive materials. Despite the core catalogue of the archive administration objectives, the regulations regarding their fulfilment have been gradually introduced, which is of great importance to archivist work. As a result, the legal context of archivist work becomes overcomplicated and requires using many regulations belonging to different bodies of law. Another problem is the actual enforcement of the archive law and the reflection on practical issues which come with it.
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The problems particular to new demands on growing archive resources are as follows: adjusting the number of yearly inspections to their complexity; defining the possibility, relevance, aim and method of conducting inspections of systems other than traditional ones (a new model of archive inspections); the correct indication of the role and place of a given system in the document circulation, including its relation with other systems (providing intuitive, friendly control instruments); the appropriate description of clerical and archive regulations, including document circulation system (the coordination of the above regulations); improving competencies of the archive personnel’s supervisors.
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Polish State Television prepared various forms of documentation, reflecting many kinds of television work and recorded on different data storage devices. The described instruments used for recording programmes were vital for registering cultural heritage, which came to life in the institution important for social communication as well as forming the opinions of different social groups. Emission registrations, emission reports, emission cards and recording cards can be considered such instruments. They allow to recognize the role each TV programme played in forming social attitudes. Systematic archiving of television production has been conducted since 1970. Because of limited knowledge of Polish Television archives and few publications referring to them, it is necessary to conduct research into the system of recording TV productions, the criteria used for its evaluation and the rules concerning storing and sharing the materials.
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The rebirth of the statehood inspired reflections on the causes, sources, course and consequences which led to this momentous event. Attempts to answer the questions: why and how it was possible to regain sovereignty, and what factors were crucial for it, were present in many literary, philosophical and political texts. Historians, exploring the past, also belonged to this group reflecting on the rebirth of Poland. Their deliberations in historical works and their determinants took numerous narrative forms, were caused by different motives and used various research methodologies. In the reborn Polish state there were many milieus interested in the past and conducting research on it. Discussions about historical methodology used in the analysis of regaining sovereignty by Poland led to the identification of problems which occurred during the process. Most historians believed that numerous factors were responsible for historical processes. Only few of them, including Michał Sokolnicki, were inclined to look for just one element. Perceiving historical processes as the result of only one factor often entailed using history in current politics. Such an attitude enabled forming simple theories, which could be possibly used in political manifestos. Pointing to many different factors influencing history is the result of striving for objectivity while researching and narrating the past, even if it establishing their hierarchy is extremely difficult. Such a research approach contributes to showing complexity of historical process.
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