Pavlinka Korošec Kocmur, Vrnitev slovenskih izseljencev v Slovenijo
Review of: Pavlinka Korošec Kocmur, Vrnitev slovenskih izseljencev v Slovenijo, Izseljensko društvo Slovenija v svetu, Ljubljana 2020, 272 pp.
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Review of: Pavlinka Korošec Kocmur, Vrnitev slovenskih izseljencev v Slovenijo, Izseljensko društvo Slovenija v svetu, Ljubljana 2020, 272 pp.
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Based on an analysis of archival sources and literature, the author considers the formation of the Slovene independent and democratic country, especially from the point of view of the formation of the Slovene armed forces, which had to be reshaped by the emerging new country, while at the same time dealing with aggravated relations with the Yugoslav federal authorities, especially the Yugoslav Army, which was seizing power in the federal state. The opposition was also against the formation of the country’s own, Slovene army. Thus, the defence system and its leaders, especially Ministers Janša and Bavčar as well as Prime Minister Peterle, were faced with difficult decisions. In spite of the real war threat, scarce resources were available to the defence department, and these had to be devoted almost entirely to arms procurement. The awareness of the importance of armed forces for the defence of Slovenia’s sovereignty helped to form the armed forces, the Territorial Defence of the Republic of Slovenia, through a project named Manoeuvre Structure of National Protection. Together with militia, civil defence and support of the civilian population, the Slovenian War of Independency was won.
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The paper provides an overview of the wider social atmosphere from the plebiscite to the first days of 1991, when it was finally clear that the only possible solution for Slovenia was to leave Yugoslavia. Although there were still individual voices that allowed for the possibility of confederation, the political and economic situation in the country deteriorated to such an extent that Slovenia had to think primarily of protecting its own interests. The author presents the prevailing atmosphere in Slovenia based on newspaper sources. Despite some differences of opinion, the period around the plebiscite united the Slovenes, which was also indicated by a high voter turnout in the plebiscite and a high percentage of votes for an independent country, the Republic of Slovenia. Politicians, regardless of their party affiliation and differences, were aware that measures for the implementation of the plebiscite had to be initiated immediately after the plebiscite and that Slovenia's position in negotiations with the federal authorities and other republics had to be consolidated.
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Review of: Janko Sever, Krogla in medalje. Ljubljana: Zveza policijskih veteranskih društev Sever, 2021, 132 str., ilustr.
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This study examines and compares the foreign policy behavior of Türkiye under the premiership of Bülent Ecevit between 1978-1979 and 1999-2002 via utilization of neo-classical realist theory. The article argues that the permissive strategic environment in both periods, détente in the former and unipolar international system in the latter paved the way for Türkiye’s multi-dimensional foreign policy which put special emphasis on neighboring regions. The worldviews of Ecevit and his foreign ministers Gündüz Ökçün and İsmail Cem as well as the emergence of grave economic problems in the country also contributed to the consolidation of region-centric foreign policy streak in both periods. Yet, while the arrival of the Second Cold War in December 1979 following the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan interrupted Türkiye’s multi-dimensional foreign policy stance for a while, the increasing trend towards multi-polarity starting from mid-2000s facilitated Türkiye’s pursuit of more autonomous foreign policy line.
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Having been seen, at first, as the foundation of a “rebirth”, both European and global, the “refolutions” of 1989 left a highly controversial legacy which is still subject of political memory clashes and a source of “cultural bipolarities”, but also of disillusionment and polarizations within multiple mnemonic communities. These contradictions, anchored in the ”traumatogenic changes” of the democratic transitions that engendered, at the end of the 90s, post-socialist nostalgia, are also related to a crisis of utopian thinking which characterized the moment 1989 itself and became a main feature of post–Cold War political-cultural paradigms, including the mnemonic ones, dominated by the traumatic legacy of the ”century of extremes”.
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The article presents a reflection on Dogs of Europe (2017), the major work of Al'herd Bacharėvič, a reflection that opens with an introduction to the author's biography and literary career. Both developed intertwined with the history of today's late Soviet, post-Soviet democratic and authoritarian Belarus and the fate of the Belarusian language, suppressed in the Soviet Union, revived in the first half of the 1990s and now marginalised again. This novel is as much about the present moment and future of Belarus and Belarusians as it is about the Europe of individual freedoms and its antithesis in the form of the authoritarian Russian Reich. The Belarusian language and the ability to make individual choices are indicative of democracy and civil liberties, which are completely suppressed in today's Belarus and Russia.
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Review of: Davor Marijan, Rat Hrvata i Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1992. do 1994., Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb 2018, 476 pp.
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The aim of this study is to econometrically investigate the determinants of inflation in the Turkish economy. In the study that analyses the period of 2006-2021, the effect of exchange rate, interest rate, real money supply, budget deficit and current account deficit on the inflation rate was estimated under three different time series techniques: Stepwise regression model, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. According to the findings, the exchange rate has a positive effect on the inflation rate in both the short and long-run. The change in real money supply affects negatively inflation in both periods. Interest rate has a positive effect on the inflation rate. However, this effect is marginally low. Although the budget deficit affects inflation in the short-run, it is not a determinant on inflation in the long-run. In the study, strong findings that the current account deficit is determinant on inflation were not obtained. In terms of the variables discussed in the period of 2006-2021, the most statistically effective factor on inflation in the long run in the Turkish economy is the changes in the exchange rate.
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This text attempts to bring about the changes that have occurred in the teaching profession over the past 30 years, against the background of changes in education and in wider social contexts, following a change of system in Poland. They are shown from the perspective of the experiences, life and professional fates of generations of teachers from that period, documented in their diaries, autobiographies and other personal statements. These materials were collected in subsequent editions of nationwide research, using an autobiographical method. The text’s analyses used a category of ethos and social role of the teacher, as well as a generative approach. In turn, the defining issues, subsequent editions of the research, the directions and the extent of tensions and transformations in education and the role of the teacher in the past thirty years were discussed. The analysis concludes with a summary and conclusions.
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The Last Fifty Years of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia – With a Presentation of the Educational and Scientific Institutions of the Church. My study focuses on the events of the last fifty years of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia. In the first part, I briefly introduce the institutions established in the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia in the last fifty years, most of which are still active; in this subsection, the paper focuses on the educational and training institutions linked to the Church, from kindergarten to secondary school level. After presenting the primary and secondary educational institutions, I would like to provide a brief historical overview of the theological training that took place in Prague from 1950 onwards and then of the higher education institutions that were established and are still maintained by our Church after 1990, which have trained and are training theologians and religious teachers. At the end of the paper, I will briefly describe Calvin J. Theological Academy, which is the scientific institution of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia.
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Criminal law protection of recipes is a complicated issue, therefore each case related to suspicion of plagiarism should be examined separately. A culinary recipe consisting of a list of ingredients and a description of the preparation of a dish may be protected under Art. 115 paragraph 1 of the Act of 4 February 1994 – Law on Copyright and Related Rights, but only if it has the features of a copyright work – creative and individual character and if it has been established. The legislator deliberately deprived the legal protection of discoveries, procedures, ideas, principles and methods of operation and mathematical concepts so as not to disturb the progress of civilization.It is impossible to commit a plagiarism by copying only the list of ingredients from another person’s culinary recipe. Admittedly, the procedures and methods of operation are not covered by copyright protection, however in the case of appropriation of a recipe containing a creative and colorful description of the preparation of the dish with the simultaneous dissemination of this provision as it is own, without the prior consent of author, the features of a crime in the form of plagiarism may be realized.
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The second half of the 20th century in Poland was full of momentous events. The consequences of many of them had their repercussions on the ground of application of law. The aftermath of World War II, the Stalinist period, the events of March 1968, people fleeing abroad, new socialist laws and systemic education, the functioning of the socialist economy, or the systemic changes of the 1990s are only the most significant events, the legal consequences of which are still felt today. Most of these events are still discussed in the media and political space at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century. Current lawyers are also sometimes involved in resolving these long-standing issues both with their clients and in the public space.The study demonstrates that due to the passage of time, legal and cultural changes, the events of the past are less and less frequent among Polish jurists. Media and political reports are created artificially without support in the actual work of the Polish judiciary and lawyers. Polish legal professionals emphasise that old cases from the 20th century are increasingly rare in their professional practice, while media reports are exaggerated.The research was based on interviews with representatives of Polish bar associations of advocates and legal advisers across the country. It was conducted using semi-structured interviews and content analysis. The research belongs to the paradigm of sociology of law and oral history.
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Anarchism is a set of brood doctrines, thoughts and philosophies that, despite some differences in worldview and the social, cultural and economic changes resulting from successive historical periods, still today focuses on the struggle against the social insjustices that stem from capitalism and hierarchical social structures. However contemporary schools of anarchism in their theory and practice began to operate in other fields, going beyond social problems, focusing, among others, on the fight against environmental degradation, criticism of consumerism, artistic activities to promote specific ideas. The recognition of other problems by contemporary anarchists in the reality around them has led to the emergence of new anarchist school such as Green Anarchism and Querker Anarchism. At he turn of the XX and XXI centuries, anarchisms associated with pro-environtmental and anti-technological attitudes began to be interested in problems realated to the place of animals in capitalism, their exploitation and the lack of legal protection for represcutatives of the world of fauna. Also the polish anarchist circles formin in the 80s and 90s of the 20 twentieth century were aware that their duty is also to fight for the improvement of conditions of animals functioning in human homes, farm and wild areas. However, in a more radical form, the struggle for animal rights was to take the form of full animal liberation (destruction of animal farms, promotion of veganism, opposition to keeping animals in zoological parks). The aim of this article is to present the attitude towards animals and their rights, autonomy, together with the methods undertaken to improve their conditions by Polish anarchists and representatives of various left-wing circles (similar to anarchism in their outlook on the world, e. g. addressing anarchist thought in their press) achive in the years 1980–2020.
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The proposed amendments to the draft act amending the Act – Code of procedure in case of petty offences seems to call into question the constitutional and international standards that should be ensured in repressive proceedings in which the issue of an individual’s criminal liability is resolved. The assumptions that are to speak in favor of introducing these changes in the form of improving proceedings in cases of offense and relieving the courts (it should be mentioned that after the analysis of provisions of the draft one can notice that they were not fully effective) seem inadequate in relation to the burdens associated with the repressive proceedings in the proposed version. The draft assumes depriving the individual held responsible for breach of its basic procedual guarantees, i.e. the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence, the right to defense, and ultimately, it is proposed to prohibit worsening the procedural situation. In addition, the question arises whether the project is in fact intended to achieve the objectives on which the project initiator refers to in its content?
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The article examines the growing role of visualization technologies, and, in parallel, the limits of visualization: images are not context–free and do not "speak by themselves." From the antiquity on, scientists and laypeople alike had been fascinated by malformed fetuses and newborns, but the term “birth defect” was developed in the 19 century. Ever since doctors became interested in the prevention of “birth defects” produced by diseases or poor health during pregnancy. Until the 1960s, it was, however not possible to know whether such preventive steps were efficient before the child was born. The development of obstetrical ultrasound, and the parallel possibility of genetic analysis of fetal cells opened a possibility “to see what is going to be born”. The older term for the scientific discipline that investigated abnormal births “teratology” - the study of monstrosities - was replaced in the 1970s with the less scary term, “dysmorphology.” In late 20 century the science of abnormal development became inseparably linked with the rapid development of prenatal diagnosis and prenatal screening, and to changing attitudes to the unborn. The author analyses the above phenomena.
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Artykuł poświęcony jest wizualności aktywizmu na rzecz praw reprodukcyjnych w polskich zinach feministycznych i anarchofeministycznych z końca lat 90. i lat 2000. Analizując niezależne publikacje kobiece odnalezione w anarchistycznych centrach kulturalnych i w prywatnych zbiorach twórczyń, w tekście autorka przygląda się początkom wytwarzania i dystrybuowania w Polsce proaborcyjnych zinów. W ramach rozmów przeprowadzonych z anarchofeministycznymi autorkami wydawnictw z tego okresu, skupia się na widoczności symboliki dotyczącej praw reprodukcyjnych (motywy czarownicy, macicy i krzyża) i na wizualnych strategiach oporu obecnych w zinach (karykatury władzy solidarnościowo-katolickiej). Celem artykułu jest również przyjrzenie się przemianom i kontynuacjom anarchofeministycznych tradycji wizualnych po 1989 roku w kontekście walki o opiekę socjalną nad zdrowiem reprodukcyjnym kobiet.
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Maria Karolina (Maka) Cielecka i Guillaume Siemieński (Wilczek) w 1995 roku rozpoczęli życie na dyplomatycz - nych walizkach. Opu - ścili Kanadę, by miesz - kać kolejno w Holandii, Rosji, Słowacji, Turcji i wreszcie – od marca 2005 – w Gruzji. Guillau - me objął tam stanowisko szefa Human Dimension Office [Biura ds. Wymiaru Ludzkiego] Orga - nizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie (OBWE), z którego w czerwcu 2008 przeszedł do Misji Obserwacyjnej Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych w Gruzji (UNOMIG). Maka uczyła angielskiego, głównie dzieci uchodźców z Abchazji, jednocześnie ucząc się tkania gobeli - nów – sztuki charakterystycznej dla regionu.
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Essay by Mădălin Bunoiu - "Why Is It Impossible, If It Is Possible?"/ Essay by Vladimir Tismăneanu - "Retro-spects"
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