Platforma evropské paměti a svědomí, chronologie vzniku 2008–2011
This report describes the establishment and goals of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, which has been founded in the year 2008.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
This report describes the establishment and goals of the Platform of European Memory and Conscience, which has been founded in the year 2008.
More...
Regionalization of Serbia, as an instruments whose adequate use would contribute to a decrease in interregional differences in development of certain parts, represents a complex task, which is only to some extent finished by adopting bigger territorial parts in Serbia. This work is made for the purpose of presenting the problems with regional planning process deriving from inconsistency which exists between administrative territorial organization into districts of the Republic of Serbia and functional areas of regional centers defined by The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, issued in 1996, then functional urban areas presented in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Republic of Serbia in 2009-2013-2020 and in The Draft Law of Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia in 2010-2014-2021. Moreover, the work compares the above mentioned spatial areas with planned regions, for which the drawing up of regional spatial plans is scheduled, namely with statistical macroregions, whose defining is one of the recently adopted decisions in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of pointing out to the above mentioned inconsistency in so far used concepts of regionalization, is to contribute to the quality of regional planning of development, as well as to finding solutions which would refer to establishing borders of smaller, meso-regional totalities, and also to the determination of authorities of both middle levels of administration in our country.
More...
In the article the issues of economic growth of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) at the regional level during 2008-2016 are raised with special attention to the conditions resulting from the global financial crisis. The text of the article is divided into introduction, main part consisting of three parts and conclusions. The introduction contains the purpose and scope of study described in the article. The first part presents the regional structure of CEE; in the second part the results of growth dynamics analysis of the individual CEE countries national and regional economies on EU background are presented; in the third part the results of analysis of the convergence/divergence process across NUTS regions are presented. 2. The article ends with general conclusions about the impact of the global crisis on regional development, which can be used to improve regional policy.
More...
Based on the Beyme classification of "party families", the author discusses the concept of the "regional political party". On the one hand, the question arises whether one can speak of parties if they in advance renounce the possibility of gaining power on a national level, while on the other hand, this in advance accepted partial quality is precisely the reason for calling this party group a "party". The author accepts Beyme's interpretation about the genesis of regional parties: they appeared as an act of opposition to the tendencies of centralization. Autonomy is one of the basic concepts of regionalism, and it has brought many regional parties closer towards liberal paradigms. In the second chapter of the text the author indicates the essential difference between parties representing territorial autonomy and those which add to it a strong ethnical dimension. Parties can become regional due to their original intent, or via facti, as a result of elections. In the third part of the text, the author analyzes the attitude towards regionalism in the 1990 elections for parliament. The central issue of these elections was defining Croatia's status: between a region in Yugoslavia and an independent state.
More...
The author analyzes ways in which the collective designative and semantic structure of the Vukovar events have been formed. By examining the designative structure, the author concludes that the events in Vukovar still do not bear other designators than those of a conventional, tautological and documentary nature. Therefore, he concludes that the Vukovar drama is not yet designated within the collective Croatian remembrance. In the process of analyzing modes of semantic field formation, the author suggests two types of opposition. In the first type of opposition changes permitting the opposition to be transformed into the domination of the stronger side are being developed. Due to this mechanism, Vukovar is semantically defined as the town-victor, town-judge, town-hero, and finally as the town founded on reversible history, in which all damage is rectifiable.
More...
In this paper the author writes about the motive for establishing a concept of standard language policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1970s in the past century, the character of proclaimed principles, their application and the results of the application in the period extending to dissolution of the common standard language of Bosnian, Montenegrin, Croats and Serbs to specific standard languages. Within the frames of the mentioned contents he clarifies the linguistic situation in the area which was covered by a common standard language, the theoretic approaches to the standard language itself as to a language of nationally un-homogeneous community, the tendencies of unification and differentiation in its norm on the general level and the endeavor to preserve the common standard language with a norm suitable to all its users, established on the conjunctive principle. According to the author, the concept of standard language policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina was permeated by a democratic ideal in all its manifestations - the equality in communication for all its users in the standard language communion, so the results did not fail to come. In the nineties the application of this concept stopped not because of its weaknesses but due to the change of social reality in these areas. The author considers that the period of functioning of this concept was aurea aetas of the science in language in Bosnia and Herzegovina, concerning both the orientations which permeated it and the achieved results as well.
More...
The size of technology gap is one determinant of indirect spillover effects from FDI. Whether and to what extent FDI inflows generate positive spillovers affecting productivity growth of host country firms depends on several factors, including the degree of FP and the position of local and foreign businesses. The FDI index we created, follows the difference between the technology level of foreign companies and the regional business environment. The shift-share analysis is complemented by TOPSIS, which evaluated Czech regions individually between 2002 and 2017 on the basis of maximization and minimization data (individual components of RRTG). The aim of the paper is to determine the extent to which the presence of FDI is reflected in productivity of business environment. Regional evaluations via RRTG and TOPSIS significantly correlate. The differences in both versions are identified by comparing the mean values and the distribution functions of the results. The application of our approach to local regions is unique in identifying the size of technology gap at NUTS 3 levels. The advantage of this approach is its ease of modification. The studied set of regions can be indefinitely expanded and it is applicable to other territorial units and different time series.
More...
This article deals with performance, stability and predictions for the individual sectors of the food industry in Czech Republic basing on the statistical data for the years 2005–2015. The goal of the article is to provide reasons for individual changes, i.e., to determine the key factors which have influence on the performance and stability of individual sectors, to point to the stability of individual sectors and at the same time to predict their performance in the future. The conclusion has been reached that bakery, confectionary and other flour-based products and Other food products are the best performing areas in the given branch and that Meat and meat products,. Fish, crustaceans and molluscs, Dairy products, Other food products and Industrial feeds will increase their performance in the future, while other areas in the branch which have been subjected to statistical analysis are expected to experience a fall in performance.
More...
The concordat defines the scope of cooperation between the state and the Catholic Church for the good of the human person and the good of society at international level. The signing of the Concordat in 1993 was preceded by long negotiations conducted by two independent legal entities – the Holy See and the Polish State. Concordat norms detail the basic human rights already guaranteed in multilateral international agreements, e.g. in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ratified by Poland on December 15, 1992 (Articles 9 and 14). In general, the subject of the concordat agreement is all matters of church life in its institutional and individual dimension. The purpose of the article is therefore to approximate the scope of the concordat agreement in force in Poland since 1998, as well as to place it in the Polish legal system.
More...
The article aims to determine the trends in the phenomenon of female delinquency in Poland in the years 2003–2018. To this end, on the basis of statistical data obtained from the Ministry of Justice: 1) the total number of convictions of female perpetrators during the analysed period was determined; 2) the categories of crimes which resulted in the highest level of convictions of female perpetrators were identified; 3) the types of crimes which dominated the criminal activity of women were analysed; 4) it was determined whether the level of female aggression accompanying the implementation of crimes increases. In the course of the research, several remarks were formulated, of which three findings remain the most important: 1) women commit crimes analogous to those of men (the absence of such prohibited acts which they would not commit); 2) infanticide, which was considered to be the most symptomatic female crime in view of the incidence of convictions under Article 149 of the Polish Criminal Code, loses its character; 3) the crime which dominates from the perspective of statistical research on the number of convictions of female perpetrators is currently fraud.
More...
The study presents an analysis of the practice of filing requests for preliminary rulings by Polish administrative courts to the Court of Justice of the European Union. In addition to an analysis of statistical data covering the years 2004–2019, the paper discusses the course of the proceedings before the national court requesting a preliminary ruling and the resulting proceedings before the Court of Justice of the European Union. Based on the research conducted, the author concludes that the administrative courts are the ones from all Polish courts which most often make requests for preliminary rulings to the Court of Justice. It is the Supreme Administrative Court in particular which uses this opportunity, with most requests being concerned with tax law. It should be emphasised that requests for preliminary rulings made by Polish administrative courts have been drafted in a very diligent manner which led the Court of Justice to render rulings on the merits in nearly all cases.
More...
The aim of this paper is to recognize the factors limiting journalists’ sense of autonomy and affecting the level of their self-censorship during the last three decades of the post-transformation period. The issue will be addressed two-fold. First, we will analyze changes in the journalists’ perception on their professional autonomy. Second, we will examine trends in relations between the political system and media system in Poland since the 1990s. The findings show that in the 1990s journalists were still much more concerned about the political factors which could affect their work than about the economic ones. A decade later they had become much more aware of the economic pressures on their profession, such as owners’ expectations and market-driven journalism. In the last few years, however, the constant pressure of ongoing government reforms aimed at bringing the press under tighter political control, as well as the emphasis on ‘national’ content, has already led to some degree of self-censorship on the part of journalists.
More...
One of important factors of attractiveness of a region is its natural environment, namely a set of natural elements which are of interest to a tourist. In terms of economy, it is a source of raw materials and energy, it ensures geographical space, business opportunities and a place to live and relax. The aim of the research included in this article is to indicate the possibility of using synthetic measurement to recognize spatial disparities of the natural environment on the basis of selected diagnostic features of 102 municipalities of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The data presented in this article refer to 2009, 2012 and 2015 and come from the Local Data Bank. The following variables were selected: the total use of household water per one inhabitant, the distribution network per 100 km2 - water pipe system, the distribution network per 100 km2 – sewage system, woodland area, areas protected by law, protected monuments. The elements indicated refer to entities which function and operate in a territorial unit. The methods presented enable us to identify areas of human life (or human impact on the environment) of higher/lower efficiency (which depends on the level of synthetic measure) and, then, programme their support from public funds within the framework of the regional policy.
More...
This paper is an attempt to trace the existence of Polish comic magazines published from 1990 to 1992. The article focuses on the content of magazines and promotional functions of their publishers, shows how selected titles tried to find their own place on the Polish publishing market after 1989.
More...
The present article presents the results of a historiographical study of truth in Ukrainian journalism in the transition period from Soviet to post-Soviet journalism. The research relevance is associated with the growing crisis of truth as a communication category and the advent of the post-truth era globally. In order to solve the complex problem of truth in social communication and journalism, the study aims to clarify the components of the truth problem in Ukrainian journalism at the change of the Soviet and post-Soviet eras and to identify causal patterns of truth transformation as well as social consequences of this process. Methodologically, the study is based on analysis of research on the truth phenomenon within the framework of the social communication approach. I reveal four components of the truth problem: "understanding the truth", "establishing the truth", "telling the truth", "perceiving the truth". Attention is drawn to a theoretical error regarding truthfulness in journalism and its social consequences. The study makes conclusions about the need for: recognizing truth as the key axiological and communication category; ; inquiry into the spiritual discourse of truth as one of the ways of scientific cognition of truth in order to extrapolate the results in the social communication and journalism; formation of a truth-oriented position of the journalist through journalism education.
More...
The main aim of this article was to present the popular initiatives in Switzerland concerning migration. The initiatives were presented in chronological order and analysed from historical and current perspectives, starting from 1968 with the initiative “Anti-foreign empire” through 2018 with “For the moderated immigration (initiative of limitation)”. The article focuses mainly on initiatives held in the 21st century, as they were accepted by the people and led to changes of the Federal Constitution. The main research question is whether Swiss citizens may use popular initiative as an effective instrument influencing migration policy. The main hypothesis is that the popular initiative may be an effective instrument influencing migration policy. The author used the dogmatic method as the research method which refers to the analysis of the legislation and academic literature, based on library searches made in Switzerland. The article presents the main arguments of the initiator as well as the immigration situation, which was always a background for developing the idea. As the article focuses mostly on the initiative “Stop mass immigration” it presents in detail the arguments that encouraged people to vote in favour. Those arguments referred to e.g. real estate market, natural environment, labour market, social security, Swiss identity, culture and religion, criminality and asylum. The author also analysed the implementation of initiatives and attempts to answer the question whether the amendment of the Federal Constitution was effective.
More...
The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of woman’s crime in Canada from the perspective of statistical data analysis. For this reason, the statements regarding the frequency of the studied phenomenon in three research periods were presented: 1975-1981, 1984-1994 and 1999-2009. The Canadian woman perpetrators were found to have established categories of crimes (property crimes, violent crimes), the frequency of which has changed during the periods under investigation. In the context of the studies carried out, in particular, the phenomenon of the increase in the frequency of woman’s offences committed using violence, remains a matter of concern. This fact indicates an increase in the pathologization of their behaviours. Moreover, in the last research period (1999–2009) there were also new trends in the criminal activity of women – road traffic offences and offences involving drugs and narcotic drugs, however, their level was not high.
More...
The paper analyzes the socio-economic policy of Belarus in the first half of the 1990s in the process of its transition to market economy, and highlights the peculiarities of the economic crisis in this period. The methodology of work is a set of scientific principles, general scientific and special historical methods, as well as interdisciplinary and comprehensive approaches to the historical discourse of socio-economic history of Belarus based on the integral use of sources. Scientific novelty. It is the first time this issue is considered in Ukrainian historiography. Conclusions. It is noted that Belarus had to go through a rather difficult path in the first half of the 1990s. It was caused by the transformational processes associated with the collapse of the USSR, the country's transition from a command-and-control system to market economic conditions, and took place within a structural economic crisis that affected all spheres of economic life. The market reforms of 1992–1994 (liberalization of economic life, privatization, support of entrepreneurship, development of competition) contributed to the formation of basic market mechanisms and institutions, but the Belarusian economy has failed to adapt to transitional market realities. At the same time, it was in the late 1980s and early 1990s that the historical preconditions were formed for the creation of the now commonly accepted Belarusian model of socio-economic development, which came into existence in the second half of the 1990s.
More...
Postmodernism is a late 20th century style and concept in arts, architecture, and criticism, which represents a departure from modernism and is characterised by the self-conscious use of earlier styles and conventions, mixing different artistic styles and media, and a general distrust of theories. The use of materials for painting in postmodern Nigeria has become so explosive that the direction is no longer comprehensible; this has made this study expedient. Mixed media in painting is a concept that was developed in the 20th century when postmodern artists began to twist the traditional rules and is associated with each medium being used together.
More...