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In the name of Marxism-Leninism: ideological debates during the early ‛60s

Author(s): Sanda Borsa,Mihai Croitor / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Although perceptible since 1957, the Sino-Soviet ideological disputes became public only in 1960. The main bilateral ideological dissensions were ignited by topics such as: the significance of the 20th Congress of the CPSU for the international communist movement, the nature of the contemporary era, questions of war and peace, the doctrine of peaceful coexistence and the forms of transition from capitalism to socialism. Based on a series of inedited and edited documents, the present paper aims at recollecting the main ideological divergences manifested between the CPSU and the CCP at the beginning of the 1960s.

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INTERVIU CU GRIGORE CIOBICĂ – PREŞEDINTELE ASOCIAŢIEI FOŞTILOR DEŢINUŢI POLITICI, FILIALA BRĂILA

Author(s): Corina Buţea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2011

Testimonies that are transmitted through oral tradition assist historians in their struggle to reveal the past. Particularly, in this case, it manages to reveal the anguish and suffering that was subjected to people during the communist period. Individual or collective memory cannot be considered a less reliable source than other historical sources. As long as a witness is still alive, the historical facts must be reviewed and taken into account. The interview that targets Grigore Ciobică manages to prove this fact.

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E vërteta Përballë Eklipsit Komunist

Author(s): Hysen Matoshi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 45/2015

Review of: Mr. Nuridin Ahmeti “ Religious leaders in the Albanian National Movement in Kosovo Vilayet (1878-1912) ", published by the Albanology Institute, Pristina, 2011, p. 300. Review of: Mr. Nuridin Ahmeti “Krerët fetarë në Lëvizjen Kombëtare Shqiptare në Vilajetin e Kosovës (1878-1912)”, botoi Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2011, f. 300.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Academics Shocked by Stalin Plaque in Moscow

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Academics Shocked by Stalin Plaque in Moscow

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 07/04/2017

A prominent legal figure has given up his academic position over the installation of a plaque honoring former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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THE SPEECH OF JOSIP BROZ TITO DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION OF HIS ELECTION AS PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC

Author(s): Josip Broz Tito / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1971

On July 29, 1971, sitting in joint session of all Chambers, the Federal Assembly elected the President of the Republic and the President of the Federal Assembly and announced the results of the election of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Josip Broz Tito was re-elected President of the Republic. After his election, President Tito made the following speech...

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(Proto)underground. Několik poznámek k vývoji podzemního hnutí

Author(s): František (Čuňas) Stárek,Ladislav Kudrna / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

In this study the authors explore the development of the movement later dubbed the underground, a group of people who had retreated into society’s undergrowth to get away from the regime but whose harsh punishment by the latter inspired and kick-started the Charter 77 movement.

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Odhalení západoněmeckého „špiona“ na velvyslanectví SRN v Praze

Author(s): Tomáš Malínek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

The action taken by the State Security (StB) against Charter 77 is something that at least in its basic contours has entered the historical consciousness of the great majority of Czechs and Slovaks. By contrast, Operation Sycamore, whose final phase played out at the start of 1977 and was not directly connected to Charter 77, is totally unknown. That was the intention of the StB and the Czechoslovak foreign ministry. This remarkable story, in which the worlds of the Prague underworld, the secret service and international politics intertwined, was meant to remain a secret chapter of Czechoslovak- German relations forever.

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Lidská práva aneb Člověčenství. Charta 77 na půdě exilové organizace Opus bonum

Author(s): Petr Placák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

The Charter 77 opposition movement was instituted as a civic initiative demanding adherence to human rights in Communist Czechoslovakia. Its inception involved Czech independent intellectuals and Christian activists, as well as reform Communists from 1968 who had lost their positions in the wake of the Soviet occupation that August. Opus bonum was founded as a lay Catholic organisation in exile in Frankfurt in 1972.

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Magorova vězeňská léta. Pět životních zkoušek Ivana Martina Jirouse

Author(s): Roman John / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

He spent eight years, five months and three days in prison. Though he intended to render this stage of his life into literary form, all that remains are fragmentary accounts touching on his remand in Ruzyně and his time at Mírov, Valdice and other places where he was held against his will. Unfortunately, and as Václav Havel did, he regarded his prison experience as incommunicable, although certain aspects of imprisonment are indeed very hard to comprehend for those unfamiliar with that environment. The paper’s author attempts to explain it to them.

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Hrdelní procesy s padělateli potravinových lístků

Author(s): Ivo Pejčoch,Jiří Plachý / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

Television viewers who have watched the normalisation-era series Thirty Cases of Major Zeman will undoub te dly recall the episode entitled Copperplate. It depicts a reckless group of supporters of the old order printing fake food stamps in an effort to not only get rich but also to undermine the hated people’s democratic regime. An essential element of the vicious plan was of course to cause maximum damage to honest working people.

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Docílit úplného rozložení. 3. oddělení 1. odboru X. správy SNB

Author(s): Adam Havlík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

Pretty much as soon as its declaration was published, Charter 77 became the focus of major State Security interest. This key moment in the development of the Czechoslovak dissent didn’t just spark a reaction in the form of particular repressive measures against individual signatories – it also had an impact on the organisation of the security agencies.

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Mám čisté svědomí, pracoval jsem pro socialismus, nehledě na noce a rodinu

Author(s): Milan Bárta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

Ladislav Vávra’s February 1977 service assessment includes a call to improve the management of the State Security’s regional administrations. This was to bring about a unified approach to handling anti-socialist forces. In those days a newopponent had appeared the Charter 77 document had been published in January 1977. Vávra was the first head of division at the State Security’s central level tasked with the battle against the Charter.

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Vyvinout maximální tlak na psychiku, aby svůj podíl a podpis na Chartě odvolal

Author(s): Milan Bárta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

A State Security record from January 1977 held at the Security Services Archive contains information on former members of the Operative Technology Directorate (4th Directorate) expelled after 1968. A total of 16 of them remained under the control of the State Security, three others were acquired as covert collaborators and there were suspicious persons files on four others. One of the four attracted particular attention from the State Security in subsequent years. After all, Oldřich Liška was one of the first signatories of Charter 77.

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Odvolání podpisu. Příběh několikatýdenního signatáře Charty 77 Jiřího Záruby

Author(s): Petr Blažek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

In the first wave in January 1977 the names of 241 signatories of the Charter 77 Declaration were published. Though the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia launched a massive smear campaign against it, only one person withdrew its signature: academic architect Jiří Záruba. The circumstances of the case illustrate the methods used by the State Security against opponents of the Communist regime at that time.

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Počátky Charty 77 ve zprávách britského velvyslanectví v Praze

Author(s): Prokop Tomek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 04/2016

This article contains several documents from the British Embassy of Prague which are refer to the Charter 77.

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Vaše letáky a bodáky nás nepřesvědčují. Protiokupační letáky Petra Tamchyny v srpnu 1968

Author(s): Milan Bárta / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2016

This paper contains facsimile of flyers which has been produced during the Prague Spring 1968 in Czechoslovakia.

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XX. sjezd KSSS a jeho místo v dějinách bolševismu

Author(s): Václav Veber / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at which first secretary Nikita Khrushchev spoke at a secret session on 25 February 1956, was probably the biggest event to reach the world from Moscow since November 1917. He delivered shocking news that nobody had expected. Though there had been murmurs about Communist crimes, for the world public to be informed about them from a Communist rostrum was unexpected to say the least.

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Destalinizace v letácích Svobodné Evropy

Author(s): Prokop Tomek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

The 20 th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the speech delivered there by Nikita Khrushchev got the surprising developments of 1956 rolling. While it was solely intended for party ears, even citizens of Czechoslovakia were able to read it quite soon. In large part thanks to a Radio Free Europe leafleting campaign within which millions of sheets featuring anti-Communist content, including the most important sections of Khrushchev’s speech, reached Czechoslovakia.

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Ve službách CIO. Dvojí život Josefa Potočka

Author(s): Prokop Tomek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

One of the most important spies working for the West was uncovered in 1956. The case of a state employee trusted by the regime who was nevertheless a spy by conviction, Josef Potoček, led to the introduction of tighter rules for screening state apparatus staff and following a mild political thaw in 1956 contributed to a hardening of conditions and partial purge.

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Sedlák je své půdy přítel jediný. Jan Broj – jeden český osud

Author(s): Jaroslav Rokoský / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2016

This paper contains an interview with Jan Broj. Mr. Broj and his family spent the most part of the life during the communist era as farmers. The oldest member of the family has been executed by the communists . His eldest son followed his father. He was a farmer also and he has been always interested in public life. After the year 1989 he was one of the Václav Havel advisors.

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