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Bosanski fratar na boljševičko-komunističkom sudu

Author(s): Ante Škegro / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 43/2015

Even before the Bolshevik-Communists took over power in 1945 in Bosnia and Herzegovina they mercilessly systematically eliminated their real or fi ctive enemies. The most drastic example of this practice is the execution of all the Franciscan friars in their monastery in Široki Brijeg in west Herzegovina in the beginning of February 1945. With varied intensity murder, persecution and discrimination of religious lasted as long as their State Yugoslavia existed. Apart from Archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac (1937–1960) and Bishop of Mostar Peter Čule (1942–1980) a large number of other priests suffered persecution, amongst them was a Bosnian parish priest D.Th. Fr Borivoj Batinić (1913–1965). During the days of communist systematic persecution of religious, persons of dubious moral stature, provocateurs from the ranks of the secret Yugoslav police and even members of other religions were used, the latter to foment interreligious and national frictions. Fr Borivoj Batinić was a victim of this practice already from the middle of 1945, while he was a spiritual assistant of the Catholic Parish of Prophet St. Elijah in Zenica in middle Bosnia. In the Supreme Court judgment of the Bolshevik-Communist Peoples Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina of March 2, 1953 it was stated that he was sentenced to a strict prison sentence of 3 years and six months for, amongst other “sins”, of being a “highly educated person”.

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Тракия във възрожденските търсения на модерна българска идентичност

Author(s): Ilia Todev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2013

Conference Report

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Bogdan Morfov (1870–1948) et son engagement à la cause Bulgarie de la mer Égée

Author(s): Rumen Karaganev / Language(s): French Issue: 3-4/2014

Along with his interesting, diverse and successful career (of civil engineer, Director of Railways, minister plenipotentiary), Bogdan Morfov was directly engaged tied with Bulgaria’s cause of achieving an outlet to the Aegean Sea. He experienced the vicissitudes in this national aspiration both as an ordinary citizen of the kingdom and a direct participant in the formation of its changing in time configurations. In particular, the author reveals B. Morfov’s perceptions and efforts to implement them before the Balkan War (1912–1913); Expert activity in the early post-WWI period and his participation in the Bulgarian delegation at the conference in Lausanne (1922–23); later, his efforts in the respective direction as minister plenipotentiary in Paris and his activities in the preparation of the conference in Montreux (1936) as well as in the dramatic 1940 in connection with the anticipated return of Western Thrace within the borders of Bulgaria

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Русский мир в Австрийской Галиции в письмах очевидца

Author(s): Tatiana Strokovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2014

This article is devoted to the position of Russian and Russian-speaking minority on the territory of Austrian Galicia from 1835 to 1861. It is based on the letters of Denis Ivanovich Zubritsky from Lviv to the Russian scientist M.P.Pogodin. The author observes some aspects of national policy in “Galician-Russia” at the pointed period. The author used the method of content analysis of scientific correspondence. The article is based on unique and little-known archival and published documents

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Violences contre les civils de la Dobroudja, 1916–1918: Historiographie et mémoire en Bulgarie et en Roumanie

Author(s): Blagovest Nyagulov / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2015

For the first time in human history during the First World War (1914–1918) a military conflict affected with equal intensity the military and non-combatant population. This study presents the forms of violence against civilians –ethnic Bulgarians, Romanians and others, in Dobrudja during the years 1916–1918 and compares their places in the historiography and collective memory in Bulgaria and Romania from the Great War to our days. Most attention is paid to the deportations of civilians committed by the Romanian authorities before the beginning of hostilities in the area in 1916. The interpretations of the War and the acts of violence are divergent and even opposed south and north of the Danube. The reasons for the conflict and violence are seen mainly in the “court” of the neighbor. However, in both national cases the points of view are based mainly on the same ideological basis − the nationalism that uses history as an instrument of construction and cohesion of the nation. The diversified sources, the distancing from the national discourse and the comparative approach could offer some guarantees to avoid the risks of double standards and speculative uses when dealing with a historical subject as contradictory and dangerous as the violence. The revisions in the national historiographies and politics of memory are the prerequisites for the reconciliation with the troubled past. Examples of such changes already exist in the context of the European integration.

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The Tutrakan Battle (1916) Reflected in the Communist and Post-Communist Romanian Historiography

Author(s): George Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2015

This article represents a brief analysis of the ways in which Romanian communist (especially the nationalistic-communist) and post-communist historiography has dealt with the onset of hostilities in Dobrodja in 1916 and the Battle of Tutrakan and its consequences. We have worked with around 40 articles and studies, a few collections of documents, several contemporary accounts, as well as a historical novel, all these being representative for the Romanian historiographic discourse before and after December 1989. Generally, the approaches of Romanian historians and researchers range between emphasizing and mitigating. In extreme cases, they even cover up almost entirely Romanian faults and weaknesses from 1916, without trying to provide too many information from Bulgarian sources.

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Historiographical Confrontations between Romania and Other Socialist Countries during the “Developed Socialism” Era (the 1970’s and the 1980’s)

Author(s): Cosmin Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2015

Lacking a structured ideological basis, the early Romanian national Communism stresses the idea of independence, attempting to assert the theory of Communist national origins. The recourse to Romanian history was used to fill in the void created within the ideological space by the rejection of Muscovite integration policies. During the first phase, until 1968, history was used mainly as a weapon to wage foreign ideological battles; afterwards, national history, reinterpreted according to Ceauşescu’s views, became the basis of a new national ideology and, consequently, a means of propaganda. Historian’s professional actions and historiography itself became part of the state policy and therefore were completely subdued to Ceauşescu’s efforts of forming a new type of Romanian civilization, having a Socialist form and National content. The increasing frequency and quality of contacts with the West, along with an obvious timing of Romanian historians’ participation in inter-Socialist projects started a genuine ideological battle between Romanian historians and those from the “Socialist community”, especially the USSR, Hungary and Bulgaria – countries with whom Romania had a series of territorial disputes and the interpretation of national history became a means of outward signal sending, particularly towards the Socialist countries and especially the USSR.

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Защитник на българите ли е Достоевски?

Author(s): Slaveya Kotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The current article focuses on the reasons why Fyodor Dostoevsky believe Russia have to intervene in Balkan affairs and defend the orthodox slaves and their cause after the anti-ottoman April uprising, which took place in the south Danube lands of the empire in 1876.

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Ливийско-египетская война 1977 года

Author(s): Andriy Pospelov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2016

The object of research is the Libyan war in July 1977. The article is devoted to one of the shortest, but extremely tense periods in the twentieth century relations between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Socialist Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. It reveals the causes of the Libyan Egyptian confrontation in 1973–1977 and the US role in this process. The course of hostilities between the factions of the armed forces of Egypt and Libya on 21–24 July 1977 is presented in detail. The number and nature of the losses of the parties and the role of the Soviet military in the Libyan victory are especially analyzed. The article also describes the consequences of this four days war.

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To Each Their Own: Politics of Memory, Narratives about Victims of Communism and Perspectives on Bleiburg in Contemporary Serbia

Author(s): Jelena Đureinović / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2018

This article examines politics of memory on the Second World War and its aftermath in contemporary Serbia, focusing on the people executed or sentenced after the war and their framing. Discussing the dominant narratives and institutional and legal frameworks of official memory politics, the first part of the paper is concerned with the dynamics between different mnemonic agents, including non-state actors. Namely, commemorations and memorials dedicated to victims of communism come from below, from the groups considering the state efforts in this sphere insufficient. They are, however, supported by some political actors, the church, and Karađorđević family. Finally, the paper looks at the perception of Bleiburg commemorations in media and political discourses in Serbia, placing it in the context of relations between the two countries concerning the memory of the war and its aftermath. As opposed to very similar tendencies in Croatia and Serbia, the political actors are concerned with their own victims respectively, framing them as the victims of communism. At the same time, the commemorations and rehabilitations happening in the other country are never acknowledged but condemned.

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Българската държава, турската пропаганда и съюзът „Туран“ (1923–1944 г.)

Author(s): Dimitar Gyudurov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The end of World War I in Europe divided the continent into victors and vanquished, and three major empires disappeared from the map. At the Paris Peace Conference, the Great Powers who had won the war imposed severe terms on the defeated countries. The new status quo in the Balkans determined the course of the bilateral relations between Bulgaria and Turkey. Bilateral diplomatic relations between Sofia and Ankara changed after the eradication of the problem of the status and rights of the Bulgarian community in Turkey settled with the Angora Treaty. In the years after 1925, the issue of the Bulgarian minority and refugees from Eastern Thrace and Asia Minor was shifted to the periphery of Bulgarian foreign policy. On the other hand, the problem of the religious and educational rights not only of the Turks but of all the Muslims in Bulgaria came to the fore in the bilateral relations as part of the new Kemalist policy and propaganda.

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Kosovo u istorijskom pamćenju (mit, legende, činjenice)

Author(s): Olga Zirojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 111/1995

Kosovska bitka bila je i ostala u narodnoj svesti centralni događaj čitave srpske istorije. „Tu je po opštem, ali neopravdanom, uverenju propala srpska država, tu je pokopana njena samostalnost, tu je počelo robovanje Turcima”. Datum bitke je neosporan, dan Svetog Vida 15. jun (28. jun, po novom kalendaru) 1389. godine. Na srpskoj strani, uz kneza Lazara Hrebeljanovića, borili su se njegov zet Vuk Branković (koji će, u znatno kasnije nastalom predanju, biti optužen za izdaju) i bosanski vojvoda Vlatko Vuković, a na turskoj sultan (emir) Murat sa sinovima Bajazitom i Jakub Čelebijom. Ukoliko je Muratovo turbe (koje postoji i danas) nastalo na mestu pogibije turskog sultana, onda bi pozornica bitke bila deo kosovske ravnice kod sastava Laba i Sitnice, nedaleko od Prištine. Izvesna je, takođe, i pogibija oba vladara - kneza Lazara i sultana Murata-na samom bojnom polju. Ovog drugog nožem je rasporio neki srpski feudalac, kojeg će kasniji izvori identifikovati kao Miloša (K)obilića i kneževog zeta.

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Inter-Korean Dialogue and the Korean Denuclearization and Unification Issue During the Cold War (Through Bulgarian Archives)

Author(s): Evgeniy Kandilarov,Kim Soyoung,Gwon Jin Choi / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2018

The study of the Inter-Korean relations during the Cold war period could show us clearly that none of the presently existing problems that are put on the table of negotiations are new. Exactly the opposite, most of them have been already a matter of discussion and negotiations as well as different strategies for solving of the core issue, the one of the possible Korean reunification has been explored, developed and negotiated again during the Cold war period. That’s why studying of that period is critically important if we would like to understand and foreseen the current development of the problem as well as the chances for its positive progress. The paper traces the different stages and all the circumstances and different factors of the Inter- Korean dialogue during the Cold war period. The dialogue is related with two main points of discussion the one of the demilitarization and denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula as a precondition of the other key issue of the Inter-Korean dialogue, the one about the possibilities and the way for future Korean Reunification. The issue about the Korean unification has been viewed from the prospective of Bulgaria during the Cold war but through the prism of the PDRK-ROK relations. The study has been made entirely on unpublished archival primary documents from different collections and funds of the Bulgarian State Archives and the archive of the Bulgarian Foreign Ministry. Some of the documents are part of the Funds of the Archive of Bulgarian Communist Party that are again preserved within the Bulgarian Archives State Agency (ASA).

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Владимир Златарски. Неискрените. България, Румъния и Централните сили (1913–1914). София, Издателство „Авангард Прима“, 2018. 302 с.

Author(s): Rumyana Parvanova / Language(s): German Issue: 1-2/2018

Book Review

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Развитието на румъно-българския антагонизъм 1878–1916 г.

Author(s): Vladimir Zlatarski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

After the Bulgarian liberation 1878 the good contacts between Bulgarians and Romanians began to change and a bilateral antagonism started to grow. There were various reasons behind this process: aspirations for protecting and enforcing their own national interests, but also jealousy, suspiciousness and insincerity. The struggle among the Great Powers for influence over the foreign policy orientation of the two neighbouring countries played a role too and also factors like personal relationship between the rulers, between members of the elites and even stereotypes. This article examines the different phases in the relations between Bulgaria and Romania and reconstructs how the antagonism, accumulated during several decades, emerged to the surface between 1913 and 1916, wiping away the long peaceful relations between the two neighbouring nations.

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Hrvatska historiografija o 19. stoljeću nakon raspada Jugoslavije

Author(s): Iskra Iveljić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2004

The author discusses main trends in Croatian historiography since the fall of Yugoslavia concluding that political changes (the rise to power of a rather nationalistic party Hrvatska demokratska zajednica (HDZ) - Croatian Democratic Union) and most of all the war in Croatia and then in Bosnia and Herzegowina had until the year 2000 a very negative effect on history writing. The old communist paradigm was supposed to be replaced with a new nationalistic one, and historians were once again biased but this time to promote a rather nationalistic approach to history. In the context of the 19th ct. that meant, for example, reinterpreting Yugoslavism as solely anti-Croatian, promoting the Party of Right (Stranka prava) as the mainstay of Croatianhood, glorifiying the Catholic church, stressing the continuity of Croatian statehood and neglecting the working-class studies. Although only a small number of Croatian historians were ready to do so, the general atmosphere influenced even the most serious researchers. After the HDZ lost the elections in 2000, the situation improved, and even though the same party won the elections again in 2004 it now predominantly follows the pro-European politics. Croatian historians are focused on Croatian history, and political topics are still dominant although there are a number of works on social, cultural, and to a much lesser extent, economic history. In the 1990s women's history definitely evolved into gender history as well, and researches on microhistory, everyday life and most recently ecohistory appeared. The use of new methods is still very limited, and only a couple of historians deal with oral history, whereas the linguistic turn is virtually unpracticed by them. The historiographic production has been enlarged and there are now more studies on local history, on Croats abroad and on other ethnic and religious communities. The majority of works refer to the period after 1848, since it marked the beginnings of modernization and national integration.

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Novija istoriografija (1990-2003) o Bosni i Hercegovini između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Boro Bronza / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2004

The wave of democratic changes at the end of the 1980's and at the beginning of the 1990's in Bosnia Herzegovina, instead of leading towards liberalisation and democratisation of historiography, became a platform for the launching of radical nationalistic tendencies. The 1992-1995 war additionaly vulgarised the processes which had begun several years earlier. This resulted in a horrific devaluation of the historiographic achievements. The perception of the 1918-1941 period was no different in comparison to other eras. Thus, its fundamental characteristic is the difference in approach, which breaks in the prism according to individual ethnic (political) aspects. Among the key questions dealt by historiographers in recent years was the presence of democratic institutions In Bosnia Herzegovina, and, in particular, the question of the continuity of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between the two world wars. Unfortunately, key historic questions from this period remained unresolved and there were no particular evolutionary changes in the methodological approach. The much desired interdisciplinarity occurred only sporadically.

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Modernität oder Wohltätigkeit? Hinter den Kulissen der Kriegspropaganda in Bulgarien und Europa: der Spielfilm „Bogdan Stimoff“ und die Teilnahme der bulgarischen Königsfamilie (1916)

Author(s): Peter Stoyanovich / Language(s): German Issue: 3-4/2018

At the height of the First World War, a German-Austro-Hungarian-Bulgarian production of a feature film Bogdan Stimov was created in Bulgaria. It had an unmistakable propaganda goal, but it also financially supported the objectives of the large Samaritan network, headed by Queen Eleonora. The then ruler of Bulgaria Ferdinand I (1887-1918) and his spouse took part in the film, which makes the production the first in the world to feature rulers.

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Владимир Станев. Междусъюзническият военен контрол в България (1920–1927). София, Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 2018. 328 с. ISBN 978-954-07-4524-4

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2019

Book Review

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Claudia Felicitas of Austria through the Lens of Christoph Traut’s Funeral Sermon of 1676

Author(s): Rostislav Smíšek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The present study deals with the content analysis of the funeral oration delivered by the court preacher Christoph Traut at the funeral of the late empress Claudia Felicitas, second wife of Leopold I, in the Augustinian Church in Vienna on 19 May 1676. The sermon itself was subsequently printed in Latin and German by the court printer Johann Christoph Cosmerovius. Through his comprehensive verbal narrative, the learned clergyman, originally from Bavaria, sought to honour the memory of the deceased, to shape and spread her generally positive posthumous image, to preserve it for future generations and to place the late empress in the context of the carefully crafted history of the Habsburg dynasty. The author’s contribution therefore focuses on the socio-historical role of the surviving sermon, in particular on a detailed analysis of the communication schemes and topoi used in relation to the posthumous (re)presentation and mediatization of Claudia Felicitas of Austria.

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