Preispitivanje historije i historiografije Jugoslavije tokom Drugog svjetskog rata: slučaj Sarajeva

Author(s): Emily Greble Balić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In this essay, Emily Balić raises questions on the way that historians approach the study of the Second World War in Yugoslavia. She discusses the limitations of military and political histories and suggests that scholars need to examine social, legal, religious, and cultural aspects of the war. To make her case, she offers examples from the history of Sarajevo during the Second World War. The first example analyzes the limitations of the dominant paradigm of “collaboration” and “resistance” in the wartime literature. The second example explores categories of identity as they pertain to the genocide committed against Serbs, Jews, and Roma in the Independent State of Croatia.

Zloupotreba rezultata antifašističke borbe - prilog razumijevanju događaja nakon pobjede nad fašizmom

Author(s): Muhamed Filipović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

This work examines the abuses that resulted from different factions that participated in the anti-fascist movement both during the Second World War and in its aftermath. Filipović notes that on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary, scholars have focused on the actual victory and the positive aspects of the destruction of the greatest evil ever born in the western world: fascism. However, he argues that such a victory was not complete; that evil was not totally eradicated; and that sixty years later, there are various attempts to revive fascism as well as to justify fascist ideas and practices.

Saveznički zračni napadi na Zagreb i okolicu 1945. godine

Author(s): Marica Karakas Obradov / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Allied Air forces became an important factor in the military and political consideration of the territory of the Independent State of Croatia after the autumn of 1943, when they established bases in Southern Italy. At first, Allied Air forces struck at the territory of Dalmatia, but afterward they expanded their activities to the north. Zagreb and its environs were situated on the path of Allied Airforces directed at southern Germany, Austria and Hungary, consequently during 1944 and 1945 they were considered secondary targets, though sometimes they also became direct targets. In this period Allied Airforces bombed Zagreb, in varying degrees of intensity, 21 times, 11 of these attacks came in 1945, while the environs of the city were bombed or fired upon 44 times, 29 of those occurred in 1945. In these attacks, 554 persons (516 civilians, 38 soldiers) were killed, and 790 persons (741 civilians and 49 soldiers) were wounded. National Defense units carried the burden of the passive antiaircraft defense of people and property in Zagreb, while in the environs fire-fighters fulfilled this function. Zagreb and its environs, as was the case with all the other targets on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia, were attacked from the air for military-strategic reasons, as well as to break the morale of the population. The cost of these attacks was borne most often by the civilian population who paid for them with their lives and material goods.

Jasenovac 1945.

Author(s): Mario Kevo / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The author discusses the camp at Jasenovac in 1945, that is to say, the article deals with certian events tied to the Ustaša camp at Jasenovac up to the escape of inmates in April 1945. A review of events is given from the liberation of this territory by the Yugoslavian Army and the arrival of the Provincial Commission of Croatia to confirm the crimes of the occupiers and their collaborators. The last portion of the article briefly describes the issues regarding the activities of the camp during the war; an appendix to the article introduces several eyewitness accounts and other documents.

A magyar zsidóság és a fasizmus a marcia su Romától 1938-ig

Author(s): Gábor Andreides / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Rendhagyó történelemóra a holokausztról

Author(s): Ferenc Glatz,Árpád Göncz,Mária Ormos,Mihály Márkus / Language(s): Hungarian

Zsidókérdés Magyarországon 1944 után

Author(s): István Bibó / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Levél Borbándi Gyulához

Author(s): István Bibó / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The fate of Russian émigrés in Czechoslovakia

Author(s): Anastasie Kopřivová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Between the two world wars, a large community of Russian émigrés that had been forced to leave their homeland and flee the Bolshevik terror lived in Czechoslovakia. The young state offered them a background and support. However, that all changed after the end of WWII. In 1945 many Czechoslovak Russians met their tragic fate personified by members of the Soviet secret police who came to arrest them.

Disappeared Science - With historians Michal V. Šimůnek and Antonín Kostlán on their book Disappeared Science, which documents the fate of scholars and intellectuals of Jewish origin in the years 1939-1945

Author(s): Pavel Zeman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Despite the advances in research after the year 1989, there are still blank spaces on the map documenting the country’s victims of Nazi persecution and racially motivated persecution of the Jewish population of Bohemia and Moravia. Together with a number of scientific institutions, museums and archives, initiatives and civic associations, the Cabinet of the History of Sciences of the Institute for Contemporary History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic has also been involved in documentation of the victims of Nazi persecution and persecution on racial grounds for many years. The Cabinet’s collective research project Scientists and Intellectuals of the Czech Lands as Victims of Nazi Persecution 1939–1945 was launched in 2007 and focused on representative documentation of the consequences of the Nazi occupation in the personnel composition of the scientific community in the Czech lands in the latter half of the 1930s and the first half of the 1940s.

Two journeys to the gallows - Life stories of members of the Prague Gestapo Wilhelm Wollner and Friedrich Dennert

Author(s): Jiří Plachý / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In January 1942, the representatives of nine occupied European countries, including Czechoslovakia, met in London to formulate their attitude to post-war punishment of Nazi war criminals and collaborators. Together they adopted the Declaration of St James’s Palace, which later became the basis of the principles according to which war criminals were prosecuted and which were also adopted by the Allied Powers and many other countries.

Употреба квислинга у данашњој Србији

Author(s): Todor Kuljić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

In the postsocialist regimes the rehabilitation of the quislings is a part of the useful new past. The article deals with the Serbian conservative attempts to rehabilitate serbian quislings in WW 2. The paper presents some forms of actually anti-antifascism. The former prescribed communist antifascism is replaced by anticommunist anti-antifascism. It was supposed the connection between economic privatization and a strong shift to the right awareness of the past. Quislings should be rehabilitated not only for normalizing nationalism but also because of the suppression of the Left, which should deprive her important moralpolitical capital – antifascism.

A (cseh)szlovákiai magyarság történeti kronológiája 1914–1945

Author(s): Gyula Popély / Language(s): Hungarian

The Historical Chronology of Hungarians in (Czecho)Slovakia in the Period of 1914–1945 is a result of many years, or rather, many decades of research work by the author, Gyula Popély. It also fits well into the portfolio of the Forum Minority Research Institute, as it complements and forms a unified whole with the chronology by Árpád Popély, published by the institute in 2006, which processed the history of Hungarians in Czechoslovakia between 1944 and 1992. The present volume brings closer to the reader the first two periods of the history of Hungarians in Slovakia in the form of factual descriptions in chronological order: the history of the years between 1914 and 1938, and between 1938 and 1945. The volume has been divided by the author into five structural parts. The descriptions of the first thematic and temporal unit show the path of Hungarians leading to the position of a national minority, starting from the outbreak of the First World War to the signing of the Treaty of Trianon. This section deals with, among others, the formation and establishment of the Czechoslovak statehood, the peace conference, the period of the Soviet Republic of Hungary, and the conclusion of the Trianon peace. The second chapter of the volume is entitled The Hungarian Multiparty System in Czechoslovakia (1920–1936). Measured in time, this is the book’s most voluminous and least dramatic part. It shows how the Hungarians fit into the Czechoslovak state and how they fought their political struggle with the Czechoslovak state power. The third structural part is entitled Under the Flag of the United Provincial Christian Socialist Party and Hungarian National Party (1936–1938) and covers the events of the period from the formation of the United Hungarian Party to the first Vienna Award, assigned to specific dates. It is a chronicle of a serious time of crisis, at the end of which the majority of Hungarians in Slovakia became citizens of Hungary again as a result of the first Vienna Award. The fourth chapter only covers the events of just over 6 months, in essence, the period of Slovak autonomy. This and the next chapter—which is a coverage of the period from March 1939 to the spring of 1945—present in parallel the life of Hungarians left in Slovakia and those who, as a result of the First Vienna Award, became nationals of Hungary. It is a chronicle of a tragic era when events such as the devastation by World War II and the tragedy of the Holocaust frame the story.The volume is closed with a personal name and place name index.

Case Study: Finland. Competing Narratives of War

Author(s): Kati Mari Johanna Parppei / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Compared to many other East European countries, the issue of history – or the history politics – in relation to Russia has never been such a central or openly disputed one in Finland. This is the case for obvious historical reasons. Russians have not openly accused Finnish historians for falsifying history, either; however, this does not mean that Russian attempts to control or use the past have not been a concern in Finland. Rather, such attempts have been quite subtle, playing with strong mental images favourable to Russia and offering competing narratives, or ‘alternative truths’, to the Russian audience, which has been their main target (presumably including the Russian minority in Finland). In this article, two recent or on-going cases of such falsifications of history, having taking place between 2016 and 2019, are briefly examined and contextualised. Both are connected to the Second World War and the hostilities between Russia and Finland. The first is the case of the shelling of Mainila. In this context, we are referring to the Russian attempts to challenge the established view of the Soviet Union having started the war against Finland on 30 November 1939, and arguing that, instead, it was a Finnish provocation, influenced and encouraged by Germany.

Case Study: Poland. Soviet Invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939

Author(s): Ieva Pałasz,Małgorzata Zawadzka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For the Russian Federation, the most important current issue in the scope of history is the strengthening of belief in the great victory of the USSR over Nazism and, as Jolanta Darczewska writes, a rehabilitation of the special services, as well as a change in the assessment of the deeds of Stalin. The issue of cooperation between the USSR and Hitler before 1941, which, in Russian historiography, is the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, has become quite a problematic question in this context. In this regard, we can observe a number of activities in Russia, the purpose of which is to relativise such events as the secret protocols to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact or the Katyń Massacre (the murder of Polish officers, non-commissioned officers and other individuals in 1940); ethnic genocide as a part of the ‘Polish Operation of the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs’, i.e. NKVD (1937-38); the joint Soviet-German parade in Brest; and the NKVD–Gestapo methodological conferences (1939-1940). The same applies to 17 September 1939 – i.e. the aggression of the USSR against Poland. This text will be devoted to the methods of falsifying this event by the Russian Federation.

The Polish-German Problem

Author(s): Robert Machray / Language(s): English

Poland’s Western Provinces are from south to north Polish Silesia, Poznania, and Pomorze; certain areas outside the three provinces have been incorporated, along with them, in the area Germany has seized. Further particulars are given on p. 20 in the earlier part of this essay, and the maps should be consulted. From the start it is important to remember that the three provinces which Hitler has incorporated in his Third Reich are, as stated in the essay, “the very cradle of the Polish race and of the Polish State, the moat and rampart of the whole Slavonic world against the perpetual Tush to the East’— Drang nach Osten—of the German hordes, and the part of Poland with the most West-European character politically, socially, culturally, and economically.” The province called Pomorze ( = sea province) has of recent years had great attention drawn to it in Great Britain and the United States from the fact that Gdynia, Poland’s self-created “wonder-port,” and potentially one of the greatest ports of the world, was (and is, though the Germans now call it Gotenhafen) situated on its small sea front. Nearby is Danzig, a name of romantic interest to the British people since the Middle Ages. Completely Germanized, it is no longer the great port it was two or three years ago when its vital interests were Polish.

Sons of the Eagle

Author(s): Julian Amery / Language(s): English

The author has been sent to Albania as Officer of the British Army. His task: Try to settle down the conflict between Enver Hodsha communist partisans and North-Albanian royalist partisans for a joined fight of the German Wehrmacht-forces in Albania. After the war he wrote this report, describing mainly the North-ALbanian activities, where his contacts had been much stronger.

A kettős kereszt árnyékában

Author(s): Tamás Lang / Language(s): Hungarian

This book presents the background, course, and consequences of the Holocaust in Slovakia. Slovakia was the only country in Europe that voluntarily used its own resources to deport Slovak Jews to the death camps, while paying the German Reich for every Jew deported. The author draws on archival and contemporary press sources, as well as on the literature on the subject, to describe this process, while at the same time also touching on its Hungarian aspects. When describing the tragedy of Slovak Jewry, he does not confine himself to the end of the war, but also addresses the question of the reintegration of the surviving Jews into society and the resurgence of anti-Jewish sentiment in Slovakia after the war.

Il fascismo e l’italianizzazione forzata di nomi e toponimi al “confine orientale"

Author(s): Chiara Nencioni / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The essay deals with the violent denationalization process of the Slavic minorities in the territories of Venezia Giulia annexed to Italy after the First World War. Liberal Italy already adopted policy that tend to assimilate the Slavic populations; but fascism adds a strong charge of violence feeling an evident sense of ethnic superiority. The fire of the Narodni Dom is the announcement of the forced denationalization policy implemented by the so-called border fascism. The fascist state implemented the forced Italianization of names and toponyms and imposed the Italian language in every aspect of public life: courts, schools, churches. The essay aims to analyze the role that the authoritarian change of names, surnames and toponyms had in the process of forced assimilation into the Italian state of the eastern territories acquired after World War I. We use information from essays, literature, testimonies and legal texts.

Георги Федотов и Pax Atlantica: идеологическото конструиране на Студената война

Author(s): Darina Grigorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the main Cold War ideologemes constructed in the Russian émigré press of the 1930s, before, during and immediately after World War II. The main source is the journalism of Georgy Fedotov in a comparative analysis with that of Nikolai Berdyaev. The article traces the construction of Fedotov's concept of Pax Atlantica as an ideological ideal and counterpoint to the Soviet Union. Fedotov's main ideologem is the alignment of fascism and national socialism with Stalinism in a hybrid "communofascism" in order to blur the boundaries between defeated and victorious after the war and leave the only victor, the Atlanticist world.