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The individual and collective identity of the Jews is a well-established subject of research in sociology, social psychology and social history. This book differs from other studies in exploring Jewish identity through the coexistence of Jews with non-Jews in Hungary. It presents the “Jewishness” of such individuals and families who live in mixed marriages, in which the Jewish origin of one party (be it public or secret) becomes a source of peculiar identities. Through coexistence, Jewishness acquires new meanings ranging from a more intense identity, through abandoning or changing Jewish identity, to self-hatred and latent anti-Semitism. The book examines the changing use of various Jewish symbols, rituals and objects (e.g., Star of David, circumcision, Menorah). It is the first study in Hungary, which deals with the “Jewish identity” of non-Jews, philo-Semitism and pseudo-Jewish identity in mixed marriages. Also, it strives to bring the traumas of the Shoah in public debate by analysing it from the perspective of coexistence. Thereby, the book presents the guilty conscience of the children and grandchildren of the perpetrators, which has not been analysed in Hungary yet. Finally, the rediscovery of Jewish identity, a process that also includes some distancing from that identity is examined in a biographical context – a novelty in Jewish Studies in Hungary as well.
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The history of uprising in Nazi extermination camp in Sobibór told by the eye-witnesses who survived and escaped death. 27 testimonies of camp’s prisoners (including two of them who died in the gas chamber) represent over 300.000 of those who perished in Sobibor.
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A diary showing extreme experience of being one of 10 people hiding in a 6 square meter cellar. It is a testimony of survival in Kolomyia (today’s Ukraine) where after the liquidation of local ghetto, between winter 1942/43 and spring 1944 author, his wife and group of other Jews managed to escape the chase of Nazi functionaries. Apart from daily problems and complex relationships between the group of people shut and herded in the shelter, the diary refers to relations between Jews and Poles providing them their help.
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The story of seven Jews and a catholic priest who spent almost 5 months hidden in the basement in the ruins of Warsaw – city completely destroyed after Warsaw Uprising in 1944. Those “Robinson Crusoes of Warsaw” survived times of the terrific threat: human voices heard from the sewage system, first snow that shut off the ways to reach the food. They had to fight their own nature in extreme conditions and ceaseless danger. Due to their determination and sensitivity they managed to survive. After the liberation of Warsaw on January 17th 1945 they came out from their hideaway.
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A thrilling testimony of a Jewish doctor, direct witness of the Holocaust, who lost almost all his loved ones and spent 9 months hidden in an attic of the house inhabited by a Polish family. His testimony was written while hiding in Tłuste (today’s Ukraine) in 1943–44. Significant part of the memoirs is devoted to his prewar life and the situation of young Polish Jews in the 1930s. The part of the book related to the war time reflects the cruelty of aggressors and complicated relations between Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian people in the small cities of Podole region.
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An account made by 18 years old girl. Her Jewish origin was a death sentence but she managed to escape form ghetto in Końskie and survived the Holocaust “on the aryan papers” thanks to help she got from Poles. Her testimony is a vivid image of the everyday life under the Nazis and a frank, truthful study of the Polish-Jewish relations.
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Deeply touching and thrilling account of a Czech Jew. Glazar was one of only a few survivors of the Nazi death camp – Treblinka. He was transported to Treblinka in October 1942 and was one of the workers who sorted the belongings of those sent to the gas chambers. He survived several months working in the camp, knowing that he was working for a cause that killed thousands of Jews. On August 2, 1943, the prisoners of Treblinka broke out through a damaged gate during a revolt. While most of the escapees were arrested in proximity to the camp, Glazar escaped the area and made his way across Poland.
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Unique collection of accounts, diaries, memoirs, letters, reports, leaflets, press and literary works created in the Warsaw Ghetto. The material comes from an archive that Jews gathered during the war to document the life of Jewish community inside the Ghetto.
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The friends from the title of this book are a group of female prisoners of KL Auschwitz-Birkenau (1943–1945), whose paths crossed several times during around two years of camp life in Birkenau. At different times they lived in one block of the women’s camp, slept in one bunk, together left Auschwitz to work in the Wolkenburg camp, and several of them escaped together from transport to Dachau, from a freight wagon, at the small German station of Weiden. Together they also survived one of the most beautiful, as they say, periods in their lives – a few months of miraculously regained freedom, spent in Weiden under the protection of the American army. Several of them also took a long, difficult journey home. Preserved memories of three of these friends – including the Mother of the book’s author, are the central axis of this essay. It presents the process of shaping the way of perceiving the world and the identity of individuals who came across actions aimed to annihilate human beings. They came into contact with the essence of a concentration camp, which was based on depriving people of all rights and even exterminating them. The approach chosen by the author is the biographical method which focuses on the study of what is individual, related to assessments, values, experiences. It is a book about trying to find an answer to the question of how it happened that some people expressed indescribable cruelty to other people and decided to dehumanize and annihilate them. The book is also about the forces you must find in yourself in order to survive such an experience and start living an ordinary life afterwards. The author’s intention is to bring the recorded memories of the Friends to a possibly wide audience, to the public sphere and also, or perhaps above all, to the consciousness of those whose way of thinking is far from scientific.
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Između septembra 1941. i avgusta 1944. godine više od 20.000 ljudi je sa teritorije okupirane Jugoslavije odvedeno u nacistički koncentracioni logor Aušvic. Među jugoslovenskim žrtvama najviše je bilo Jevreja iz Bačke koja je bila pod mađarskom kontrolom nakon što je Nemačka okupirala ovu zemlju 1944. Skoro svi ovi Jevreji ubijeni su u Aušvicu. Druge žrtve deportovane iz Jugoslavije su bile manje grupe Jevreja iz nacističkih logora u okupiranoj Srbiji, ali i iz hrvatskih ustaških logora formiranih na teritoriji nacističke Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH). Deportovani su bili i Romi, kao i hiljade antifašista, partizanskih komunističkih boraca i njihovih simpatizera. Od 20.000 ljudi deportovanih iz Jugoslavije, manje od stotinu je preživelo do oslobađanja logora.
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Immediately prior to the November meeting of the EU’s General Affairs Council, France released a non-paper that underscored that the enlargement halt was not really about enlargement at all. The non-paper was rife with contradictions and redundancies. Its main proposed innovation is a rejiggering of the enlargement policy into seven sequential phases. But the document also demonstrated a worrisome elite orientation, and was void of reference to or grounding in the EU’s foundational source code: the primacy of liberal democratic values and standards. This portends ill for Macron’s vision of the EU more broadly ... DPC recommends a different course to EU member states committed to enlargement and the EU-wide reinforcement of liberal democratic values, at a time when they are challenged both within the Union and from east and west. This does not require any major changes to mechanics, mandates, or procedures, but rather a philosophical shift in approaching the countries of the Western Balkans. The 2015-17 breakthrough in North Macedonia demonstrated two things: a) that the EU’s institutional default setting has for too long been on the side of illiberal elites; and b) the reality that in the expansion of a values-focused EU in the Western Balkans, citizens – not elites – are the Union’s real allies.
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publishjed by »Savez Jevrejskih Opština Jugoslavije«, Belgrade 1956 // Dr Albert Vajs: Na kraju prve i na početku druge decenije / Dr Andrija Gams: Društvene borbe kod stvaranja stare jevrejske države Vuk Vinaver: Jevreji u Srbiji početkom XIX veka./ Dr Lavoslav Glesinger: Jevreji i Hrvati u Arapskoj Spaniji / Dr Zdenko Levntal: Jedan velikan duha: Maimonides / Dr Samuel Pinto: Prosvjetne prilike bosanskih Jevreja za turske vladavine / Prof. Miroslava Despot: Zagrebački knjižar Lavoslav Hartman / Ladislav Fišer: Jevrejstvo Bačke / Jakir Eventov: Omladina iz 1918 godine / Jakov Atijas: „Esperansa“ — Jevrejski sefardski studentski klub u Zagrebu ./ Aron Alkalaj: Dvanaest godina Jevrejske čitaonice u Beogradu 1929—1941 / Mirko Sekelj: Učešće subotičke. jevrejske omladine u borbi protiv okupatora ./ Avram R. Mevorah: O radu Saveza jevrejskih opština prvih dana po oslobođenju Beograda / Aleksandar Levi: Dva potresna muzeja / Vera Stein-Ehrlich: čudo regeneracije / Bata Gedalja: Dr Fridrih Pops / Aron Alkalaj: Sećanja na Isaka Mašijaha / Sofija Almuli: Jelena Demajo / Maja Bošković: Magda Bošković / Edita Vajs: O jevrejskim dečjim zabavištima / Aleksandar-Dov Stajner: Logorovanje naše omladine / Dr Arje Levavi: Izrael danas / Cvi Loker: Razni aspekti jugoslovensko-izraelskih odnosa / David A. Alkalaj: Jugoslovenska alija / Dr Jakov H. Kalderon: O izraelskoj štampi / Dr Pavle Neuberger: Jugoslovenski Jevreji u SAD / Dr Solomon Gaon: Svetska sefardska federacija i njen kongres u Jerusalimu 1954 / Marko Marković: Pripovjedački lik Isaka Samokovlije / Bogdan Ciplić: Sećanje na Nenada Mitrova / Isak Samokovlija: Sarajevska megila / Ivo Andrić: Na jevrejskom groblju u Sarajevu / Hinko Gottlieb: Legenda o zimskom kaputu / Pavao Wertheim: „Baharaški rabin44 H. Heinea / Heinrich Heine: Djevojčica momku bje mila. — Gdje? / Heinrich Heine: Sleski tkalci / Zaječi, naša tugo / Liza i Oto Bihalji-Merin: Ulica mrtvih Jevreja / Gustav Krklec: Jevrejka s Bjelava / Desanka Maksimović: Suma u Izraelu / Ervin Sinko: Nisam se rodio da budem ganef! (Odlomak iz knjige: „Roman jednog romana" / Zak Konfino: Tiju Menahem razmatra slučaj Kraljevića Marka / Božidar Kovačević: Dete / Jožef Debreceni: Neverovatno leto / Magda Bošković: Mi Građanska djeca / Ljubiša Jocić: U varšavskom getu / Andreja Deak: Jevrejska legenda / Istvan Braun-Kvazimodo: I uspomene imaju svoju sudbinu / Dr Zeljko Lador-Lederer: Priča o tome kako se pet knjiga našlo na okupu 339 Ivan Ivanji: Pitanje Josipa Flavija / Đula Lukač: „Polizeistunde" / Maja Zrnič: Hijene./ Julija Najman: Riki se vratila / Eva TiČak-Vajler: Susret na Jadranu / Sonja Nahman-Premeru: Starost / Josef Finci: Liječnik / Rikica Ovadija: Dobar dan, ja sam Bunks / Vlada Rotbart: Ponovno viđenje / Vesna Demajo: Prsten / Zoran Gavrilović: Džon Hersej: „Zid" / Dr Teodor Kovač: Testament (Stevan Kvazimodo: Testamentum, roman) / Hronologija važnijih događaja iz života jevrejske zajednice u Jugoslaviji (1954 i 1955) / Bibliographia judaica jugoslavica 1945—1955 / Beleške o saradnicima i radovima.
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The scientific work deals with the problems of the development and interaction of Jewish communities in the European and post-soviet space at the end of the XX – the beginning of the XXI century. The research studies on the political, social and historical aspects of the Jewish community’s life in Ukraine in comparison with the communities of other European countries at the present stage.
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The proposed collective scientific work considers the issues of social and political activity and historical memory of the Jewish community in the context of Ukraine’s European integration. The paper examines the influences of historical memory on the formation of the political and cultural identity of the Jews of Ukraine, the role and contribution of the Jewish community to the European development of the country.
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About 80% of Bosnian Jews lived in Sarajevo. Of the approximately 10,500 Jews who were in Sarajevo before World War II, approximately 9,000 were taken to Ustasha and Nazi camps. About 1,500 surviving Jews returned to Sarajevo after the war. The largest number of survivors are participants of the National Liberation War, while a smaller number met their freedom in camps. The publication “Sarajevo: Remembrance of Holocaust Victims” documents the names of fallen fighters, citizens of Sarajevo in the National Liberation War, fallen fighters for the liberation of Sarajevo and victims of fascist terror. The list of names was obtained from the daily Oslobođenje, which published the same list year before when a Mass for Bleiburg was held in the Sarajevo Cathedral.
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The subject of the monograph is the camp texts of former prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp, of Jewish and non-Jewish origin, direct witnesses of the events, originally written in Czech or Polish. This work consists of two parts: theoretical and analytical. Theoretical involves research focusing on a topic of collecting, including an overview of archival sources, the definition of the current genre framework of camp texts and the Holocaust, competitions for war (in the Czechia) or camp (in Poland) memoirs and the methodology (Russian formalism in analyze of the camp texts, elements of New Historicism, Trauma Studies, etc.). The analytical part concerns the analysis of selected texts (unpublished), including comparison of Polish and Czech texts, reconstruction of biographies of individual authors using the latest sources, selection of topos, motifs and images occurring in their texts, method of describing events and the emerging literary contexts of camp texts. The monograph refers to archival collections located in the Czech Republic, Poland and Israel. The classification of post-war camp texts available in archives was discussed in more detail, including: at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, the Terezín Memorial, the State Museum at Majdanek, the National Archives, Yad Vashem, the Ghetto Fighters' House Museum, Massuah, together with their comparison, especially regarding the policies affecting their acquisition, storage and sharing. The work aims to draw attention to the huge amount of unprocessed material contained in the archives and their potential.
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Two leading political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) and the Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZBiH), which pretend to represent the interests of the Serb and Croat peoples in BiH in the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina proposed conclusions and voted on the annulment of the BiH Law[2] on prohibition of denial of Holocaust and genocide. The decision is to be agreed at the level of the Collegium of the House of Peoples and will probably not be adopted. This means that the proposal of conclusions will be returned to the House of Peoples for a vote. A conclusion is adopted, if it is supported by more than half the delegates and if 2/3 of delegates from one entity do not vote against it. The decision already has the support of delegates from Republika Srpska, as all five delegates from the RS have voted in favor of the conclusions. However, when it comes to the Federation of BiH, the situation is different. If delegate Bariša Čolak attends the next session, the HDZBiH will have four delegates who will vote in favor of the conclusions, which is more than 1/3 (out of ten) delegates from the Federation of BiH, which implies that the Law will definitely be adopted. The Law[3] expressly outlaws denial of two international legal acquis. Specifically, it outlaws negation of judgments of the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and bans denial of Nurnberg[4] judgments against the Nazis. Although in the offered parliamentary conclusions for annulment, the SNSD and HDZ delegates attempted to “elaborate” the reasons for annulment, not at one single point did they refer to the annulment of the part of the Law that reads: “Whoever publicly condones, denies, grossly trivializes or tries to justify a crime of genocide, crimes against humanity or a war crime established by a final adjudication pursuant to the Charter of the International Military Tribunal appended to the London Agreement of 8 August 1945 or by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia or the International Criminal Court or a court in Bosnia and Herzegovina, directed against a group of persons or a member of such a group defined by reference to race, color, religion, descent or national or ethnic origin, when the conduct is carried out in a manner likely to incite to violence or hatred against such a group or a member of such a group, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term between six months and five years.” Namely, this is related to a premeditated and preconcerted action of European right-wing conservative and pro-fascist parties gathered around the so-called manifest of the “gathering of European Patriots”, who act in BiH through Milorad Dodik, SNSD President and Dragan Čović, HDZBiH President. The request and the vote in a national parliament for annulment of the law related to denial of judgments related to the Holocaust is the most brutal attack on the truth about the Holocaust in the XXI century.
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