Поп Петър, ученикът на поп Йоан Кратовски

Author(s): Tsveta Evlogieva-Katsarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This study presents the known manuscripts by Priest Peter, who has lived until about the first decade of the seventeenth century. The first chapter of the article deals with the manuscript in which marginalia occur, being the main source to Priest Peter: Tetraevangelion, Church-Historical and Archival Institute, Sofia (CHAI) 28. Then comes another manuscript that is also attributed to the same scribe, but features no extant notes by the author: Tetraevangelion, CHAI 26. The last chapter of the work presents yet another manuscript containing notes by the same author: Tetraevangelion, Peć 18. The latter, though known, failed to stir research interest and has not been published for the time being as a manuscript by the same man of letters. The extant marginalia in the two author’s notes provide also biographical information about the scribe, while the information about the school, where he was trained and about his workplace, along with the changes in the representative types of decoration, of the signed manuscripts, provide evidence of the clout of the literary centre on the creative selection and the aesthetic choices of scribes/decorators.

Educational and Publishing Activity in the Ressurectionist Uniate Center in Edirne (Former Adrianople), 1863–1914

Author(s): Wojciech Józwiak / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2014

Members of the Congregation of Resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ have been active in Edirne (f. Adrianople) for more than a half of the century, during which period they have used a variety of tactics to increase the number of Bulgarians recognizing religious sovereignty of Rome. Depending of the means chosen by the missionaries there were three main approaches leading towards that goal: religious propaganda, educational and informative way. Manuscripts and publications played essential part of pro-uniate activity in all three of those tactics. The authors, translators and often publishers of those documents were members of the mission (the printing house was established at the end of 1870's as a result of the efforts of the superior Tomasz Brzeski.

Неизвестни творби на Митрофан Зограф

Author(s): Alexander Kuyumdjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2003

Signs of Religious Affiliation and their Usage

Author(s): Evgeniya Troeva-Grigorova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The objective of this paper is to present an interesting example from Bulgaria – the Rhodope Mountains, which abound in visible and invisible boundaries. The paper focuses on the cultural elements which are selected by the communities as identifiers to distinguish themselves from others. The three basic ethno-religious groups inhabiting the mountains (Turks, Muslim Bulgarians, and Christian Bulgarians) possess a complex of cultural characteristics including language, names, self-identification, marriage patterns, traditional and ritual systems, religious affiliation, clothing, and so on, which are instrumentalized with the objective of achieving closer relations or drawing dividing lines between different communities. The process of the eradication and establishment of new boundaries is especially dynamic with regard to Muslim Bulgarians. They perceive themselves as a boundary community, and in fact they are regarded as such by both Christian Bulgarians and Turks. In their attempts to overcome that border situation, the middle and younger generations of Muslim Bulgarians in the Middle and Eastern Rhodopes have started to express a Bulgarian identity more frequently. The elder Muslim Bulgarians in the regions of Gotse Delchev, Madan, and Rudozem, as well as the younger ones, place their Muslim belonging more frequently at the center of their personal and group identity, which finds expression in the drawing of cultural boundaries to distinguish themselves from members of the other groups.

Тефтерите с рисунки на банските зографи

Author(s): Elena Genova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

The latest special phenomenon in the nineteenth-century art was assuming a new attitude towards the preparatory stages in the work, an emanation of a Renaissance artist, being a quantum leap from the compulsory Hermeneia (Painter’s Manual also known as Painter’s Guide of an Orthodox icon-painter) in the painter’s non-commissioned artworks. The paper deals with three sketchpads of several generations of icon-painters from Bansko, kept at the Ivan Dujčev Center for Slavo-Byzantine Studies, University of Sofia. The firs and the most significant one is that of the founder of the Art Centre of Bansko, Toma Vishanov- Molera, dated personally by him form 1786. The second one has been signed by Mihalko Uvanov Golev, and the third one probably belonged to Dimiter Sirleshtov. The attribution of authorship is tentative, to a degree, as the other abovementioned icon-painters have made drawings on blank sheets along with Dimiter Molerov. Among the drawings, models for various subjects occur, some of them realized in murals or icons. A substantial part of these has been used for training.

Rękopisy liturgiczne źródłem do badań historycznych

Author(s): Franciszek Wolnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2016

From the Middle Ages some manuscripts are preserved from different ecclesiastical centres both in Poland and in Silesia. After the secularizations of the ecclesiastical goods in 19th century they were stored in different archives and libraries. Many of the Silesian manuscripts have been already described but others and are still waiting for further analysis. In the medieval liturgy they were in use many books: Graduals, Lectionaries, Gospel Books, the collections of homilies, Sacramentaries, Pontificals, Rituals, Martyrologies, Passionals, etc., and at the and of this period also the Missals and Breviaries. The most precious are the codes included among the sets of Liber Ordinarius.

Vjerski prijelazi s pravoslavne na rimokatoličku i grkokatoličku vjeru u vrijeme Nezavisne Države Hrvatske na području Bjelovarskog dekanata

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 10/2016

In the paper, the author gives data on religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Greek-Catholic and the Roman-Catholic religions in the area of the Bjelovar Archdeaconry. Following introductory remarks on the attitude of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Serbian Orthodox Church towards the Roman-Catholic Church, the author gives data on the sufferings of the Serbs and their coercive emigration from the Bjelovar area in 1941. The central part of the text analyses statistical data on religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Roman-Catholic religion between 1941 and 1945, collected from the Archdiocesan Archives in Zagreb, and includes examples of these religious conversions. A special chapter tackles religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Greek-Catholic religion. No accurate data exist about the number of religious conversions. Nevertheless, 2,235 submitted applications in correlation with the number of Orthodox inhabitants witness to the frequency thereof.

„Más nemzeteknél, mint a szászoknál…” - Ortodoxia és lutheranizmus kölcsönhatásai a dualizmus kori Erdélyben

Author(s): Barna Ábrahám / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2017

With their well organized economic and social life, mentality, and particular system of values, the Saxons have played a distinguished role in the nation-building process of Romanians in Transylvania. While until the middle of the 19th century the relationship had been dominated by antagonism and the struggle of the Romanians living on the Saxon territory for political emancipation, the emergence of modern, bourgeois Hungary brought about a positive turn in this respect. The Romanian elite recognized and tried to adopt the organization of Saxon cooperatives, schools and scientific life, and to use their experience, generally showing up the Saxons’ solidarity and democratic way of thinking as a model to be followed, especially as they identified as one of the main sources of such virtues the public activities of the Lutheran pastors. They were convinced that the Romanian priests would not emerge as the effective leaders of their own communities unless they were elevated to the social status and prestige of Saxon pastors (or Hungarian and German Roman Catholic priests, for that matter), and, last but not least, equal them in modern and comprehensive education.

Да похапнем на Балканите на път към Светите земи

Author(s): Yoanna Bencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The present article examines the reports on food in the Balkans made by pilgrims on their way to or back from the Holy Land. The research is focused on reports of pilgrims originating from Western Europe as well as the Russian territories from the period between the 11th and 15th century. Among those pilgrims are the Englishman William Wеy, the Germans Arnold von Harff, Felix Fabri, Johannes Schiltberger, Bernhard von Breydenbach, Ludolph von Suchem, the Burgundian Bertrandon de la Broquière, the two Spaniards Pero Tafur and Ruy Gonzales de Clavijo, the Italians Pietro Casola, Bernardo Michelozzi, the Irishman Symon Semeonis, the Russians Danilo, Antonius of Novgorod, Zosim and others. The article traces out their routes through the Balkans and the food possibilities that they discovered in Dalmatia, Constantinople, Peloponnese or the interior of the Peninsula. It gives answers to the following questions: what preparations did the pilgrims make before their journey to the Holy Land; which food they preferred and was most likely to satisfy their needs – the meal in taverns, monasteries, on the ship, on the ruler’s table or the self-prepared food; was there any difference between their food in different parts of the Balkans; which were their favourite meals; were there any differences between the food preferences of the Western European and the Russian pilgrims. Some travellers compiled dictionaries to facilitate their communication with the local people and to assure easier procurement of food and shelter. The article analyses the words in different languages referring to food included in the dictionaries; this gives an idea about the differences between the tastes of the Balkan population – Slavs, Greeks, Albanians, Turks.

RAZVOJ LITURGIJSKOGA ŽIVOTA NA PRAVOSLAVNOM ISTOKU - SRPSKA CRKVA OD 13. DO 21. STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Vladimir Vukašinović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2016

The history of Serbian liturgical practice is a relatively young theological discipline within the realm of liturgics. The paper includes both earlier and current findings in this field. It will show how other disciplines of Medievistics contribute to a better understanding of theological phenomena in history. The eight-century long history of liturgical life in the Serbian Orthodox church abounds in sacral dynamism. The natural and spiritual position of Serbs among other Orthodox nations of the East and the West contributed to the continuous exchange of liturgical forms, which then gained a specific character within the Serbian culture. Apart from prominent individuals, there were also monks, bishops, professors and others who were the emissaries of liturgical tendencies. Many key issues relevant for an accurate view of liturgical development have been discussed and resolved in this paper, such as: the emergence of Hesychasm, the spread of the printing press and the culture of copying manuscripts in monasteries, etc. There is a special emphasis on the development of liturgical practice in the last century with an overview of the current situation in the scientific sphere.

Паломнические дневники как источники о духовном развитии русской интеллигенции в XIX — начале XX века

Author(s): Maria Andreevna Balahonova,Vladimir Sergeevich Okolotin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article discusses the problem of a role of intelligentsia in the development of statehood and culture of Russia and foreign countries and values of religion in formation of world culture as well. The relevance of a subject is caused by revival of a pilgrimage of believers to the holy places which we see today, but which is shown in shape of the known tourism, unlike the previous period. The large role in it is played by Imperial Orthodox Palestinian society and also churches and monasteries because they move believers on a pilgrimage. According to the Russian spiritual mission in Jerusalem, more than one million Russians annually visit the Holy Land, and it is expected that their stream will grow. In this research the purpose is set, using an integrated approach, to show a role of different categories of intelligentsia of Russia in the XIX — the beginning of the XX century (the military aristocracy — in formation of statehood, clergy — in strengthening of religion, the art intelligentsia — in cultural development). Within this purpose the following tasks are formulated: using an analytical method, by means of short characteristic of biographies of authors of sources to show their belonging to intelligentsia; to give critical evaluation to sources, having analyzed the concrete facts.

Saradnja muslimanskog i pravoslavnog stanovništva u toku austrougarske okupacije Bosne i Hercegovine 1878-1882. godine

Author(s): Nada Tomović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 81-82/2019

This paper investigates the cooperation of the Mulim and Orthodox population during the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period from 1878 to 1879. By decision of the Berlin Congress (1878), Austro-Hungarian Empire obtained the right to occupy Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the fact that Montenegro gained the independence and significant territorial expansion, it was difficult to accept loosing the ares that it had liberated together with the Herzegovinian rebels. On the other hand, the Muslim population, both in Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not accept the new governence. This motivated cooperation of the former enemies against the Austro-Hungarian authorities. However, Montenegro was in a very specific situation. The Vienna government gave the ultimatum to Cetinje to renounce its pretensions in Herzegovina. Therefore, Prince Nikola had to enforce the resereved policy, in oder to avoid political and economic implications that could result from the conflict with the powerful neighbour. Nevertheless, the Herzegovinian rebels and prominent Muslims were expecting a help from Cetinje. Montenegro secretly helped the rebels even after the uprising was suppressed in 1878, and also provided help for the uprising in 1882. Both the Orthodox and Muslim population have found refuge in Montenegro.

FOLKLORE PROJECTIONS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT FEAST

Author(s): Albena Georgieva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In the ecclesiastical Christian calendar, Holy Trinity or Holy Ghost is a moveable feast and is celebrated on the Monday after Pentecost, in May or June. In the folk calendar, this holiday marks the beginning of the so-called Whitsuntide or Midsummer Week (in Bulgarian Rusalska nedelya). It is believed to be the period of wood nymphs’ special activity – during the week those supernatural creatures, who personify vegetation and greenery in the fields and the woods, provide the fertility of crops and vineyards. The analysis focuses on those notions and the respective practices, outlining that to a great degree Whitsuntide corresponds to the Dirty or Pagan days in the winter – the period between Christmas and Epiphany. As this is one of the most important periods in the agricultural calendar, it is bound with people’s efforts to ensure fertility and water balance in their inhabited territory by offering sacrifices and propitiating the supernatural powers who are owners and hosts of vegetation and water resources.

ПЕРЕНЕСЕНИЕ МОЩЕЙ ПРП. ИОАННА РИЛЬСКОГО (1469) В КОНТЕКСТЕ ПРАВОСЛАВНЫХ БАЛКАН ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ XV ВЕКА

Author(s): Dmitry I. Polyvyannyy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2019

Translation of St. John of Rila’s holy relics from Tyrnovo to Rila monastery in the literary works devoted to it was represented as an eschatological epilogue of the medieval Bulgarian culture. A decomposition of the description within the context of the social and confessional realities of the early Ottoman domination at orthodox Balkans allows to look at the event itself against the background of the emerging sociocultural processes. Their main actors were local communities of clergy, former aristocracy and citizens as well as intellectual networks of authors and scribes. The renewed sacral geography of the former Byzantine, Bulgarian and Serbian lands became an element of the early Ottoman sociocultural landscape. The translation of St. John of Rila’s relics is represented in the article as result of common efforts which lead to the affirmation of Rila monastery as the main spiritual and cultural center of the Bulgarian lands under Ottoman domination.

Cerkiew w służbie imperium

Author(s): Siergiej Czapnin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 675/2019

Nastał nowy etap historii prawosławia w Rosji: neoimperialny lub neosowiecki. Nowe imperium potrzebuje zarówno religii jako formy legitymizacji niedemokratycznej władzy, jak i sowieckiej przeszłości jako mitologicznego okresu wielkich bohaterów.

Maximos életrajza: források és következtetések

Author(s): Miklós Vassányi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2016

This paper intends to offer a sort of status quaestionis concerning St Maximus the Confessor’s life story. In a first instance, the biographical sources are enumerated under two headings: 1. Greek and Latin sources; 2. Syriac monophysite sources. The first group includes Maximus’ correspondence, the Diputatio cum Pyrrho, the Relatio motionis, the Disputatio Bizyae, the Hypomnesticon, the Vita Maximi and several minor epistles. Among the Syriac sources, generally hostile towards the Confessor, we find George of Resh’aino’s invective, Michael the Syriac, the Chronicon anonymi, and Bar Hebraeus’ chronicle. For each source text, a description and an analysis is offered with especial respect to the main moot question of the Confessor’s biography, namely, to whether he was of Constantinopolitan or of Palestinian birth. The conclusion is that all considered, the second option seems more likely in the mirror of the most recent research.

СРПСКА И АНГЛИКАНСКА ЦРКВА У ПРВОЈ ПОЛОВИНИ 20. ВИЈЕКА

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2003

In compliance with Serbian and Yugoslav allied and state relationships with „western democracies”, the Serbian Orthodox Church was connected with the churches of liberal-democratic countries. By following the ideological and political orientation of the mother country, the Serbian Orthodox Church expressed a special closeness with the Anglican Church and old-Catholic churches. These churches, that had supported the European liberal civil order of that time, became closer due to ideological dislike towards Vatican and the Roman-Catholic Church. The relationship between the Serbian Orthodox Church and Anglican Church was especially close. There was even tendency for dogmatic (doctrinaire) and liturgical unity between these two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was also actively involved in the attempt of ecumenical unification of all the Orthodox churches, at the head of which would be the ecumenical Constantinople patriarch, with the Anglican Church. In the compliance with its western orientation, the Serbian Orthodox Church, in agreement with the Anglican one, actively participated in the occurrences in March 27, 1941, supporting the plan of British officials for coup d’etat, as well as the action of British oriented Serbian officers and political parties.

VERSKI LIBERALIZAM I POLITlČKA AKTIVNOST SRPSKE PRAVOSLAVNE CRKVE U KRALJEVINI JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Nikola Žutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1995

In keeping with the existent relations between Serbia and Yugoslavia and the countries of bourgeois liberalism, the so-called »western democracies«, the Serbian Orthodox Church also developed ties with the churches of these countries. As a result the Serbian Orthodox Church was marked by religious liberalism (religious tolerance, patriotic feelings for the fatherland etc.). Religious liberalism turned the activity of the Serbian Orthodox Church toward close co-operation with Protestant and Catholic churches of democratic countries. A particularly close tie was formed with the Anglican Church and plans were made for the dogmatic and liturgical union of the two churches. The Serbian Orthodox Church was until 1937 a constitutional religious organization, which supported the official Francophile course and the Yugoslav national ideology of King Alexander. The Church demonstrated its support by applauding the Yugoslav regime based on ideas of bourgeois liberalism and Yugoslav nationalism. During the tutelary reign of Prince Pavle, the Church’s loyalty was lost due to changes in the country's domestic and foreign politics. The drawing away from France and Great Britain of Yugoslavia, especially after 1937, also led to a gradual withdrawal from positions of authority in the country of people who believed in the unity of Yugoslavia. The inclination of the tutelary regime to create closer ties with Italy, Germany and the Vatican provoked a marked opposition in the Serbian Orthodox Church. The growing favor shown the Roman-Catholic church by Yugoslavia led in 1937 to the crisis of the concord, resulting in serious conflicts and incidents. The Serbian Orthodox Church will have an important part in the »liberals« coup d’etat« by joining the efforts of West-oriented Yugoslav officers, liberal political parties (especially the Agricultural Party) and organization^, such as the Falcons, National Defence etc. in preparing and carrying out) the coup d’etat od 27 March 1941.

RUSKA IDEJA

Author(s): Nikola B. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1994

The Russian idea as a topic falls in the domain of the history of philosophy. The author has presented a specter of opinions regarding this question, from the time the term was initially used to this day. The idea revolves around the concept of the Russian people’s uniqueness and it’s characteristic course in the creation of its own civilization, different from that of West Europe. The question was initially introduced by a dispute between Slavophiles and the so-called »westerners« in the last century regarding the need for Russia to follow the Western model in its development or to find its own way based on its specific national identity. This dispute has been revived in the intellectual circles of modern Russia, arousing the attention of the public and giving rise to new viewpoints regarding the whole problem. According to N. Berdyayev, the Russian idea is in the contemplation of brotherhood among men and peoples. The essential elements of the Russian idea are to be found in the Orthodox religion, characteristic parliamentarism and spiritual communitarism. V. Solovyov held the view that »a nation’s idea is not what the nation thinks of itself in time but what God thinks of it in eternity«. Critics of the Russian idea, such as A. Yanov, declared it to be a defense of slavery, despotism and imperial expansion. It is indeed a comprehensive ethic and ideological system of thought, of political, moral and spiritual principles and a call for the rebirth of the great values of Russian parliamentarism, humanism and personal spiritual purification.

Політичні та Етнокультурні передумови автономістських рухів у православній церкві Бессарабії (ХIХ – поч. ХХ ст.)

Author(s): Gennadij Mykhaylovych Nadtoka,Inna Volodymyrivna Horpynchenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2019

The purpose of the article is to reconstruct the advancing process of the ethnopolitical and ethnocultural prerequisites of the autonomy of the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia in XIX-early XX century and attempts of their implementation. Methodology. The research is based on the principle of methodological synthesis. It provides the consolidation of the instrumental findings of famous scientific schools, in particular, the civilization approach to the analysis of the historical process and the methods of social and anthropological history along with the mentality discourse. That has enabled to take account of the features of stage development of state and religious institutes, the extent of civilization likeness of states and peoples, possibilities of their cultural and religious self-identification in the polyethnic society. The scientific novelty is in finding out the conceptual approaches to the interpretation of the history of the Orthodox Church in Bessarabia in XIX-early XX century, determining the dominant factors of the development of the national and foreign models of Orthodoxy, substantiating the fact that there were necessary ethnocultural prerequisites for beginning of the autonomy process in the country in the early XXth century. Conclusions. In spite of over hundred-year Russian colonization and serial russification of Orthodox Church in Bessarabia, it preserved ethnocultural and ethnoreligious principles of national identity. Russian bourgeois-democratic revolutions naturally aroused not only the country autonomy movement but also autocephalous one violently ceased by Romanian conquest of Bessarabia.