Šta je to tako vizantijsko na Balkanu?

Author(s): Milica Bakić-Hayden / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U bici koja se vodi na polju istoriografije između istine i predrasuda, moramo priznati da obično pobeđuju predrasude. … Zbog takvog ishoda mnoge istorijske epohe su postale žrtve predrasuda, a najviše ona koju poznajemo kao doba nakon Rimskog carstva – Vizantija. Još od vremena kada su naši neotesani krstaški preci po prvi put ugledali Carigrad, i kada su se – s prezrivim gađenjem – susreli sa društvom u kojem su svi umeli da čitaju i pišu, gde su ljudi jeli viljuškama, i zalagali se za diplomatiju pre nego za rat, još od tada kod nas vlada moda da se o Vizantijcima govori s podsmehom, i da se njihovo ime izjednačava s dekadencijom.

Енорията на централните Балкани през османската епоха - поглед "отвътре": Православният свещеник и неговото паство през призмата на един свещенически текст от средата на XVII век

Author(s): Olga Todorova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article to challenge the notion of an entirely harmonious Christian-Orthodox parish that dominates the historiography of the Ottoman Balkans. The interrelations between Orthodox priests and their flocks are analyzed here in the light of the so-called Chronicle of Serres (ca. 1642), composed by Papa Synadinos, a Greek Orthodox priest and a member of the local Christian elite. It is claimed that two distinct images of the parish, quite opposite to each other, emerge from the text of the Chronicle. The first one is the image of the "ideal" parish, free of any conflicts between the priest and his parishioners. In the Chronicle it was exemplified with the parish of Papa Siderus, Synadinos' father, who has been portrayed as e perfect priest and a role-model for his time. This image, however, proves to be no more than a literary construct. Much more interesting is the second image representing the "real" parish led by Synadinos himself. It was depicted as a place where frictions between the "enlightened" priest and his flock were a common occurrence. The present study attempts to delineate the economic as well as the cultural (in the broadest sense of the word) cause which stood behind the constantly evolving tensions between laity and priests. It is argued that disagreements deepened even more due to options available to both sides to compete against each other by petitioning either to the Ottoman or the Church authorities.

Rušenje pravoslavnih crkava na području Pakračko-slavonske eparhije početkom Drugog svetskog rata: osvrt iz ugla sačuvane eparhijske arhive

Author(s): Aleksandra Kučeković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sudbina imovine Srpske pravoslavne crkve u Nezavisnoj državi Hrvatskoj, na prvom mestu njenih hramova i pripadajućih crkvenih zgrada, često je jugoslovensku, a potom i srpsku istoriografiju interesovala kao sekundarna sastavnica sprovođenja opšteg antisrpskog projekta NDH. Veoma je mali broj specifičnih studija posvećenih ovom problemu, a još je manje metodološki precizno i potpuno naučno korektno profilisanih pristupa u njima. Posledično, još uvek ne postoje sasvim jasne identifikacije posebnih motiva, institucionalne organizacije i rezultata rušenja ili devastacije pravoslavnih crkava u prve dve godine nakon uspostave ustaškog režima u Hrvatskoj. Opšti ideološki okvir uništavanja Srpske pravoslavne crkve kao institucije u NDH nakon 1941. istoriografski je ipak temeljno rasvetljen, prvenstveno zahvaljujući obilju dokaza koje pružaju sačuvani izvori. Međutim, izvori za rasvetljavanje fenomena rušenja crkava znatno su oskudniji i dominantno spadaju u kategoriju danas teško proverljivih, a u pojedinostima često i kontradiktornih zabeleženih individualnih svedočanstava. [...]

ORTHODOX EDUCATION AT CHURCH AND SCHOOL: TRAINING IN VALUES AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Velina Toneva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Research on contemporary innovative pedagogical practices of Bulgarian parochial education relies on insufficient and inconsistent data. Every church community has responsibility and system of teaching its parish Orthodox values with regard of human rights. Church instruction of children, youth, and adults is not a process of provoking anything incompatible with human rights and social peace. Nevertheless, critical circumstances in last several years demonstrated that such tendencies can appear, when both flocks and pastors are under enormous pressure. Still, in my dissertation we have chosen methodologically not to focus on any negative aspects of the problems of Bulgarian Orthodox schooling and catechetic instruction at churches during last several decades. Scholarly objectiveness also requires that we are aware of obstacles, and stay optimistic, adequate, reflexive, analytical, and systematic, oriented to the future and the better, according to values, and keep building good perspectives and relations. Human rights defence can only support our church subculture within traditional local culture.

Преводът на латински християнски произведения на български език – въпроси и предизвикателства

Author(s): Rosen Milanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

There are specific questions concerning the translation of the Latin Christian literature into Bulgarian. In the first place, the choice of valuable works for translation. Next, the correct rendering of the names of the authors and the titles of the works, the translation of the biblical texts inside of the patristic works and, most importantly, the degree of free translation. The choice of an actual work for translation and the method of presentation – totally or in an anthology, are also very significant. Which are the most remarkable works of Latin Christian literature, whose translations have potential to become masterpieces? And which are the rules for the creation of a great translation? Answers to these questions are given in the following article.

Елинското училище в Търново и православният клир през първата половина на XIX век

Author(s): Vladimir Vladov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The present study deals with an important point in the history of the educational activities in the old capital city of Turnovo, namely the opening of a Hellenic school in 1821. The analysis of the data of its chronicle reveals the significant role of the Orthodox clergy, headed by the bishop of Turnovo, in relation to the establishment, organization and maintenance of the school. By the middle of the 19th c. it was not only the most authoritative centre of education in the city but it also had a leading role in the public and economic life of the Bulgarians.

Патриарх Евтимий Търновски (1375 – 1393) за смисъла и значението на историята

Author(s): Vasil Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Катенните коментари на Св. Кирил Александрийски върху книга на пророк Исайя: преславското наследство в среднобългарска и руска редакция

Author(s): Stilyana Batalova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article discusses some scholia by St. Cyril of Alexandria from the Greek Catena on the Book of Prophet Isaiah in comparison with the Preslav translation according to several representatives of the two Slavonic manuscript traditions – the Middle Bulgarian (F.I. 461 from the Russian National Library in Saint Petersburg) and the Russian ones (Mss. Chudovski 182, 183 and 184 from the State Historical Museum in Moskow and Ms. 89 and Ms. 90 from the Collection of the Troitse-Sergieva Laura). The parallels between the Greek and Slavonic manuscript traditions make it possible to draw the following conclusions. The complex Slavonic tradition should be explored because the Middle Bulgarian manuscript tradition is incomplete and represents only a part of the Preslav translation, and the conclusions made on its basis are incomplete. The parallel study of the Slavonic translation with samples from the Greek Catеnae shows that it is insufficient to work only with the full text of the commentary in Patrologia Graeca, as some translation decisions in Slavonic can be explained only by the Greek source used. The study of the scholia by St. Cyril of Alexandria in Slavonic translation, as well as the study of the scholia by Theodulus and John Chrysostom, point to the possibility that the Slavonic translation represents unknown or today unpreserved abbreviated version of the Greek catena.

Особая редакция службы Свт. Николаю в двух болгарских минеях XIV век

Author(s): Victoria Legkikh / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

The subject of this paper is version of the service to St. Nicholas of Myra in two Bulgarian menaions of the 14th century. One is taken from the collection of the National Library of Russia and another one so called “Dragan’s menaion” is taken from the collection of the Zograf monastery. The service in the both menaions demonstrates the brevity of the composition. This composition is different from the version of the Russian menaions of the 12th – 14th centuries. The composition of services for both Bulgarian menaions is almost identical but there is an important difference – there are different canons with the same kontakion and ikos. Both canons are not known by other traditions. The canon of the Dragan’s menaion is particularly interesting. The origin of this canon undoubtedly goes back to an old one, since it keeps the second second Ode. The images and lexical material also show its antiquity. The paper is devoted to the analysis of this services and in particularly of the canon of Dragan’s menaion.

Славянският превод на постническите слова на Св. Василий Велики

Author(s): Petko Petkov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the Slavonic translation of the Asceticon Magnum and the ascetical sermons of St. Basil the Great, which can be found in the manuscript No. 3 from the library of the Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos. There are described the morphological and lexical features of this important text and also is presented the reception of this translation in the Slavic Middle Ages.

Hapax Legomena в корпуса „За серафимите“ от книга „Маргарит“ на св. Йоан Златоуст в превод на Дионисий Дивни

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Object of the present research are hapax legomena in the Middle Bulgarian translation of John Chrysostom’s work Of the Seraphims. The analyzed lexemes are the smallest lexical segment in this manuscript and they are a specific parameter/indication of the Dionisii Divni’s idiosyncrasy. Hapax legomena have been compared with more than 60 Old and Middle Bulgarian texts originated in the XII – XVIII century. It examines problems associated with semantics, word formative and morphemic structure and diffusion of these lexemes in the Modern Bulgarian language.

Рилската грамота на цар Йоан Шишман и някои проблеми на историята на Рилския манастир до ХІV в.

Author(s): Dimo Cheshmedzhiev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article attempts to shed light on the all too vague history of Rila Monastery until the end of the 14th century – both concerning its founding and based on new interpretations of some well-known sources, mainly hagiographical. Particular attention is paid to newly emerged hypotheses, which claims without argumentation that the Rila Monastery was deserted very early and was subsequently rebuilt anew during the 14th century.

Мощи на светци, придобити по време на войните през Второто българско царство

Author(s): Aneliya Markova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The practice, connected to the transferring of relics, imported to the Bulgarian tradition from Byzantium, can be treated as a part of Bulgarian rulers’ “Empire idea”, which has changed at the beginning of 13th century. The formation of an independent pantheon of saints helps to successfully Trinova’s competition with Constantinople and striving for the Bulgarian capital to become “Third Rome”. After the conquest of Constantinople by the Latins in 1204, Bulgarian empire has claimed to be new Christian centre in the Balkans. The construction of its own pantheon of saints’ relics is a necessity for realization of the Bulgarian tsar’s imperial claims. The creation and following of this tradition led its beginning of the military actions and become a part of the ideological platform of the Bulgarian tsars.

За покровителството на Цар Йоан Александър към манастирите през ХІV век

Author(s): Dragomir Lalchev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Paroria Anachorets’ work regards everything happening in Bulgarian and Byzantine societies in the notable and troubled 14th century. Its eventful dynamics is full of councils, civil wars, Ottoman conqueror’s invasion from the East and from the West. This is the time when Bulgaria was ruled by Tzar Yоan Alexander (1331 – 1371), end Byzantine by Emperors Andronicus III (1328 – 1341) and his son Yoan (John) V Palaeologus. This century is full of conflicts and dramatic events making decisions on Byzantine, Bulgaria and Serbia Orthodox Balkan peoples’ fate. Monastery’s Laura is directly connected to Slavic and Byzantine Hesychasm’s and Hesychast monks of Kefalarevo Scriptorium’s literary works’ chronology. Scriptorium being found in 1350 by Bulgarian monk Theodosius of Tarnovo disciple of Byzantine hermit Gregory the Sinaite. Bulgaria’s Tzar Yоan Alexander was a protection of Paroria monastery. The Tzar gave them support and protected them from pillaging.

Наследие Тырновской книжной школы и историческая память болгар о своем прошлом времен Первого болгарского царства в XV–XVI вв

Author(s): Anastasia Dobychina / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyzes the role of heritage of the Tarnovo Literary School in the preservation of historical memory of Bulgarians about their distant past of the period of the First Bulgarian Kingdom during the 15th – 16th centuries. The investigation shows that due to the heritage of the Tarnovo Literary School and connection with Slavonic Orthodox tradition the historical memory about St. Ivan of Rila and SS. Cyril and Methodius preserved.

Идеите на исихазма, отразени в творчеството на Патриарх Евтимий

Author(s): Antoaneta Buyuklieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article examines the works of Patriarch Evtimii, founder of the Tarnovo Literari School and an undoubted authority in the spiritual and cultural life of medieval Bulgaria, in connection with the ideas of the most powerful ideological movement – the Hesychasm. The ideas of hesyhast doktrine are indirectly reflected in the life and encomium of the writer through the image of the characters who have the features of the perfect Hesychast. Evtimii’s answers in his messages directly reflect the ideas of hesychasm of unity of the church and dominion over secular authority and fight against the moral corruption. The analysis of Patriarch Evtimii proves that his entire literary work is subject to the strict moral norms that impose the hesychasm as a spiritual trend, as well as to the high artistic and aesthetic criteria he forms in the literature – true and artistic translations, richly decorated style, exquisite phrase.

Към изворите на похвално слово за Светите Константин и Елена от Патриарх Евтимий

Author(s): Pirinka Penkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of investigation is the textological relationship between Eythymios’ “The Panegyric for St. Constantine and Helena” and a number of Greek and Slavonic medieval sources: Eusebius of Caesarea’s “Life of Constantine”, Athanasius of Alexandria’s “Orationes contra Arianos”, the Guidi-Vita of Constantine (BHG 364), the Gedeon-Vita of Constantine (BHG 363), “De inventione sanctae crucis” by Alexander the Monk, the Homily of Gregorius Presbyter “Κυριακή τῶν Αγίων πατέρων τῆς Α’ Οἰκουμενικῆς Συνόδου” and the anonymous “De donatione Constantini”. The Greek biographers used the Church chronicles of Eusebius, Sokrates, Rufinus of Aquileia and Theophanes. Тhе Eytimius’ Panegyric indicates the free use of the Greek and Slavonic sources: some events are probably transferred from an earlier Slavonic pro-Vita based on extracts from the Greek Vita BHG 363/364 and “De donatione Constantini” acc. the manuscript 793 in the library of Troice-Sergeevsk Lavra. The description of the miracles of the martyrs Chrisantios and Musonios, the dispute between Alexander of Alexandria and one unnamed philosopher as well as the narrative on Elena in Jerusalem has been found in the Greek Homily of Gregorius Presbyter. The author identifies the philosopher mentioned by Eythymius as Asterius the Sophist acc. to Athanasius’s “Orationes”. Acc. to the linguistic details Eythymius became acquainted with one kompiled pro-Vita of Constantine. The author suggests, that one pro-Vita of Preslav origin was edited at the same time as Konstantin of Preslav’s translation of Athanasius of Alexandria’s “Orationes” before the transfer of “Orationes” to Novgorod.

III. Rodna perspektiva - Pravoslavna tradicija

Author(s): Milica Bakić-Hayden,Marija Grujić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

ojam antropologije u pravoslavno-hrišćanskoj tradiciji odnosi se na hrišćansko učenje o čoveku, njegovoj ličnosti i prirodi, a u širem kontekstu Božijeg plana i na ljudsko spasenje, pa se u tom smislu razlikuje od upotrebe ovog termina kao naučne discipline. Shodno biblijskom otkrovenju, ljudsko biće ili čovek (anthropos) stvoren je po obličju Božijem, kao slika Njegova. Tako u knjiizi Postanja Starog zaveta čitamo: I stvori Bog čovjeka po o b lič ju svojemu, po obličju Bozijemu stvori ga; m uško i žen sko s tv o ri ih (Post.1, 26-27). Čovek - a vidimo da to znači i muškarac i žena - podjednako u sebi nose lik Božiji. Ne kaže se, po rečima jedne savremene pravoslavne teologinje, da su "muškost i ženskost aspekti samog Božijeg bića ili da ono što znači biti stvoren po liku Božijem jeste biti muško ili žensko. Naprosto i jednostavno se kaže da su oboje, i muškarac i žena, podjednako stvoreni po liku Božijem". To s jedne strane znači da je nemoguće proniknuti u dublji smisao čovekove prirode van njegovog odnosa sa Bogom, a sa druge, nemoguće razumeti taj odnos u celosti ako se on ne sagledava u svom muško-ženskom kompleksu. Pošto se na hrišćanskom istoku o tom odnosu često govori(lo) kao o 'učestvovanju u Bogu' - koje nije "samo intelektualno saznanje, već stanje celokupnog ljudskog bića, preobraženog blagodaću, i slobodno sadejstvovanje sa njom naporom i voljom uma" - zbunjujuće deluje istorijska stvarnost u kojoj se o ovoj posebnoj čovekovoj privilegiji govorilo skoro isključivo sa stanovišta muškog iskustva. To ne samo da je ishodilo svojevrsnim redukcionizmom u teorijsko-teološkom smislu, nego i raznim oblicima podređivanja, nipodaštavanja i diskriminacije žene u njenoj praktično-istorijskoj realnosti.

Imperijalni imaginarij 1918.–2008. Velikosrpstvo Radikalne stranke

Author(s): Tihomir Cipek / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This text supports the thesis that Great Serbian imperialism represents a “structure of long duration” which vitally determines Serbian politics in the 19th and 20th century. It has already been shown why the manner and form that defined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in 1918 proves that the Serbian political elite saw it as an expanded Serbia, a kind of Serbian empire. The example of the politics of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Serbian hi-story textbooks, and especially the contemporary politics of the Serbian Radical Party with emphasis on its electoral slogans for the Serbian parliamentary elections of 2006 and 2008 point to the basic arguments which prove the thesis that Serbian imperialism is a structure of long duration. It is concluded that the widespread acceptance of Greater Serbian ideology in Serbian society re-presents an “epistemological catastrophe” which is the reason that Serbia is a divided society and an incomplete state.

Crkve kao protivnici komunističkog sistema u Jugoslaviji – sličnosti i razlike

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

If certain of the determinants that appear in the literature dealing with the Yugoslavian dissident movement which label as dissidents all those whose thinking opposed the ruling majority are accepted, including anti-communists and nationalists, that is to say, if all those who were able to contribute to the subversion and destruction of communism while creating a new space for culture and information delimited from the state are labelled dissidents, then we can place the activity of the Churches or religious communities within the framework of dissident activity or the arena of semi-legal opposition. There was a difference in the manner in which the Catholic and the Serbian Orthodox Churches expressed opposition to the regime, in terms of approach, degree, and form. These differences grew out of the varying structures of the Churches, their objective strength, the historical experiences, their size and so on. The only matter in which there was no difference was in the length of the opposition. The nature of the opposition expressed toward the regime by the Catholic and Serbian Orthodox Church changed and adapted to the conditions in the country as well as the state of international relations in which Yugoslavia existed, but these were not applied at the same time. During Yugoslavia’s existence, the Churches represented the ultimate challenge to the Party, be-cause they offered an alternative philosophy of life and, for longest time, the only possible opposition. This drew all those who thought differently to them. The Churches themselves in varying degrees worked to draw opponents of the regime to them, and the youth, and in this process they utilized different means and methods. With time “the latent dissatisfaction expressed through turn toward the Church and religion began to take on a political complexion.” The terrain required for rehabilitating the past, and with it the Churches and religion itself, was prepared far earlier than the decay of the socialist system and ideology began and for this reason the Churches during the 1980s rather easily embraced the opportunity to carry out their revitalization.