Crveni plan — slika grada u vremenu kasnog kapitalizma

Author(s): Đurđa Petrović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2013

Crveni plan je plan za grad koji se nalazi u alarmantnom (crvenom) stanju. Prvi korak u izradi takvog plana je uočavanje crvenih ili kriznih polja. U tu svrhu proizvedena je »mapa krize« grada Pule koja prikazuje jednu sliku grada u vremenu kasnog kapitalizma. Umanjivanjem utjecaja javnih institucija kroz neoliberalnu tranziciju, stvorena je podloga za kontinuiranu krizu koju je najlakše uočiti u gradovima. Efekti te krize vidljivi su u nizu malih događaja koji odražavaju neefikasnost današnjeg načina uređivanja grada. Intenzitet i frekventnost tih događaja s vremenom rastu, te postaju vidljivi u gradskoj svakodnevici. Grad se raspada na bezbroj pojedinačnih interesa, rastrgan je dugotrajnim nemirom i nezadovoljstvom. Nitko ne može predvidjeti gdje će i kada buknuti novi prosvjed protiv neke prostorne intervencije — pobune su nekontrolirane.

Grad Postkapitalizma

Author(s): Đurđa Petrović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2013

Uvodni tekst Pulske grupe objavljen u zborniku Grad postkapitalizma. Knjiga je objavljena u izdanju Centra za anarhističke studije iz Zagreba nakon istoimenog kongresa održanog u Puli 2009. godine

Plan Mediterraneo

Author(s): Đurđa Petrović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2013

The area south of Istria was first consolidated on one chart / system in the mid nineteenth century. Barbariga, on the north to Marlera, in the south stretched established military area of ​​Pula. The second time that the space is unified in a common map / system at the time of demilitarization, when abandoned military landscapes along the coast attract investors circling the Mediterranean in search of virgin plots. The following map / system created in 2006, it is a space-program concept "Brijuni Riviera". However, before the creation of the concept of Brijuni Riviera and before they hectares of former military areas have become attractive they hosted a series of programs and interventions in the form of cultural festivals, concerts, parties and festivals. Festival Media Mediterranea drew the invisible map of seven locations where the ten years of operation staged several facilities. Almost from its inception, the festival served former barracks Karlo Rojc in Pula as a base for living, educational and exhibition activities of the Festival, and the last would be redirected to the evening event, more or less, a remote and deserted area near the town.

Улога архитекте Николе Добровића на имплементацији савремених урбанистичких и архитектонских теорија и поетика у институционално планирање урбаног развоја Београда

Author(s): Marta Vukotić-Lazar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2015

“Dobrović Generalstaff“ is the complex of buildings in the crossroads of Nemanjina and Kneza Miloša streets (Kneza Miloša no. 33-41), so called „building A“ (till the bombardment in 1999 „Generalstaff of the Yugoslav army“) and „building B“ with the tower (till the bombardment in 1999. “Yugoslav Secretariat for National defense“). As the urban planning motif of “Big Belgrade“, with its symbolism matched with the symbolism of New Belgrade erection, this space of great artistic-ambience potentials, of a specific typology, character and design, represents central point of continuity and integrity of Belgrade. „Meta square“ or the „Square Sutjeska“, as Dobrović named this intersection (Dobrović 1960, 10-11) carries various meanings of the different historic layers, and the complex of buildings itself is the most representative work of the Serbian architecture in 20th century, created in accordance to European trends in architecture and urban planning of that time. The complex is demolished in NATO bombardment of Belgrade in 1999. Despite the fact that the functional role of these structure no longer exists, symbolic character of the place is still living and warning, and even in ruins it is the central point of Belgrade's identity. “Dobrović Generalstaff“ was declared a cultural monument on December 12th 2005. As a „victim“ of violence and destruction, the complex is still under attack of individuals decreasing its significance, identifying it with ideology and politics of SFRJ and introducing it as a symbol of „oppressors and enemies“, not deserving as such to be renewed and preserved. Visionary work of the architect Nikola Dobrović (1897, Pécs - 1967, Belgrade) on conceptualization of “Big Belgrade“, metropolis on the Sava and Danube, and his role in construction of New Belgrade, central part of the future “Big Belgrade” according to his idea, and on elaboration of the Concept design of General plan for the reconstruction of Belgrade“ (completed on September 30th 1948) as well, are unavoidable drafts for the insight in and interpretation of the demolished complex of „Dobrović Generalstaff“, as a top achievement of Serbian architecture in 20th century, with a goal to encourage activities in this space as a priority of urban rehabilitation,14 aiming to upgrade the quality of urban space in general. In order to show the layers of deeply storaged contents of the past (memories), and to actualize them (remembrance) through a different dialogue with “Dobrović Geenralstaff“ the goal of this work is to draw attention to the forgotten and deeply hidden from the public exceptionally significant layers of the past and central points for understanding of this masterpiece of the modern Serbian architecture (Bulatović 2005, 15-16; Popadić 2014, 54-58). Confronted with frequent, selective (mis)use of memories concerning this complex and numerous (meta)thesis directed to lower the value of this cultural good, or „heritage object“, in favor of minor selfish interests, the goal of this work is to indicate the significance of its consideration - by clarification another one in a sequence of insufficiently known „memorial contents“, equally significant draft as the founding of the Urban Planning Institute od NR Serbia and establishing of the new urban planning professional staff in the period after the Seond World War in the times of renewal and constructions, led by the architect Nikola Dobrović - from the point of view of its understanding as a „witness process“ and of its esthetic, historic and documentary exceptionality“ (Bulatović 2005, 8; Eko 1995, 33).

Ödön Lechner: Maverick, Dreamer, Patriot – An Architect of Modernisation

Author(s): Ilona Sármány-Parsons / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2016

Moralisierende Darstellungen an drei Romanischen Kirchenportalen.

Author(s): Constantin Sebastian Corneanu / Language(s): German Issue: 59/2016

During the 13th century, the Saxon settlers have built in Transylvania the Lutheran Church from Săcădate (Sibiu County) within the frames of the Romanesque architectural style. Although the advanced decay of the portal’s sculptures renders the identification of subjects or themes almost impossible, some of them are still partially distinguishable. This study aims to analyze the condition of the sculptural elements on the portal and to identify, if possible, the subject or thematic content of the scenes.

Cetatea bastionară de la Chilia

Author(s): Mariana Şlapac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

It seems that the first elements of the Chilia bastioned fortress have appeared in the early of XVIIIth century. It was there then while according to the order of Ottomans the French engineers could build the two earthen structures intended for heavy artillery named in the prospectus of Chilia for 1770 as „Bollwerk-s at the revetment walls”. Additional valuable information concerning the fortress of Chilia, was obtained from the Russian plan for 1790, found by the author at the Russian State Military-Historical Archive in Moscow. After 1794, under the orders of Sultan Selim the third of, a French engineer François Kauffer completely rebuilt the defense complex. New bastioned fortress, including a Moldavian fortress was a square plan and had a sloping glacis, three corner bastions in the form of pikes and one asymmetrical double corner bastion of polygonal plan. The intramuros was divided into a number of squares and rectangles and proportional conception of the fortress was stipulated by strict geometry of inner yard. The bastioned complex of Chilia reminds us of the manners of strengthening of the famous French engineer Vauban such as open the bastions, built into the shaft of a barrack, a massive earthen breastworks and covered road with some traverses and bypasses in front. Bastion square has remained very wide-spread kind of fortifying since the XVIth century, only the form of bastions perfected with the lapse of time. At the beginning of the XIXth century typical elements of the fortress were covered road of tenail tracing and some bastions with artillery pieces of ordnance located throughout the length of the faces. After the 1812 restructuring of the bastion fortress of Chilia was engaged by Russian military engineers Ivan Hartingh, Egor Foerster and others. This fortress was eliminated as a military object before the entry a town Chilia into Romanian state in 1856.

Autentificare prin metode instrumentale a sacosului, componentă a vestimentației ecleziale în Biserica Ortodoxă, secolele XVIII-XIX

Author(s): Nicoleta Vornicu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Scientific research using non-destructive methods or micro-destructive modern of works of art is essential to the smooth running of the process of conservation and restoration. Knowing the nature of the materials used in their manufacturing brings us important clues in the authentication and dating of works of art. A work of art, historical textile was handmade of natural materials available to designers in the period. Most of these textile treasures, counting a number of notable tracks were preserved over the centuries by the Church in warehouses, museums or other sheltered locations. The present study refers to the investigation of metal accessories through X-ray fluorescence, OM and SEM of religious textiles kept a hundred years in the north tower of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Iasi. This paper aims to determine the metal parts (threads, sequins) and identification of corrosion products in order to establish a correlation with the conservation status of textile pieces.

Становление и развитие архитектуры на территориях Молдовы и Украины эпохи неолита

Author(s): Nadejda Polshikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

By the end of the twentieth century.accumulated a lot of archaeological material on the Middle East and South-Eastern Europe, dating back to VIII – III millennium BC, the analysis of which made it possible to determine its temporal and territorial affiliation. On the basis of these archaeological discoveries during the second half of the nineteenth century – the end of the twentieth century.published works of archaeologists and historians, which reflect the formation and development of cultural communities in the Middle East, and in South-Eastern Europe of the period. The article analyzes the main works on the topic and outlined the ways of the formation and development of architecture and building practices in the areas of Moldova and Ukraine in the Chalcolithic period, IV-III millennium BC. Formation and development of architecture in South-Eastern Europe in the V – III millennium BC. It was made possible by the establishment of a mild climate, convenient for the life of the relief and the presence of many river basins. The process of migration from the Middle East in the V – IV century BC, aimed at development of new lands, provided the Carpathian-Danube region, a large influx of new farming and ranching population – carriers of high culture, including architecture and construction practice. Here in the Middle Dniester, in the first half – mid- IV millennium BC. there was a highly developed culture Chalcolithic eastern Europe – Tripoli – Cucuteni– with a high degree of development of architecture. Quickly, during the first half of IV millennium BC, having mastered the new territory, it’s population began to move to the east, between the Middle and Southern Bug Middle Dnieper, where in the second half – end of IV millennium BC observed flowering of culture and including architecture community Tripoli – Cucuteni.

The architect Alexander Iosif Bernardazzi (1831-1907) and his first projects in Bessarabia

Author(s): Alla Ceastina / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This year marks the 185th birthday of the famous architect A. I. Bernardazzi, who is also known for creating various historic buildings in the Northern Caucasus, Ukraine and Bessarabia. The archival documents provide evidence of the beginning of Bernardazzi’s architectural career, when he was appointed as technician for the arrangement of the towns Akkerman and Bendery in 1853, as well as for building some bridges and causeways in those districts. In 1855 he participated in the setting of the third market at the Forest square, which was his first mission in Kishinev. Alexander Bernardazzi performed the duty of municipal architect from 1856 to 1878 replacing Luca Zaushkevich, another architect of Kishinev. In Bessarabia he designed and built buildings such as the temporary theatre, the Lutheran school, the railway station, the Greek Church, Manuk-Bey’s Palace etc. He also dealt with the pavement of streets, the construction of the urban water supply system and the cast-iron fence in Kishinev public garden. After his departure to Odessa, in the second half of the XXth century, Alexander Bernardazzi continued to design social facilities in Bessarabia, which became best examples of European architecture.

Arhitecți și arhitectură în periodice de acum un veac

Author(s): Sidonia Teodorescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

The first journal dealing with themes related to architecture is Analele Architecturei și ale artelor cu care se leagă (Annals of Architecture and Architectural Arts that it is Linked), published under the direction of architect Ion N. Socolescu in the period 1890–1893. In 1906, the first two issues of the publication Architecture, edited by the Society of Romanian Architects, led by architect George Sterian, appear. In 1916, two other issues of the journal appear. In issue 2 of 1916, we read about the First Congress of Architects from the whole country and the account of the profession after 25 years since the establishment (February 26, 1891) of the Society of Romanian Architects. In the journal Printre hotare (Across borders) during 1908–1911, we come across important names of Romanian architecture – Ion D. Berindey, Remus P. Iliescu, Leonida Negrescu, Paul Gottereau, Toma Dobrescu, Petre Antonescu, Dumitru Maimarolu etc. Other journals published a century ago, in which data on architectsand their works can be found, are: Ilustraţia (Illustration), Ilustraţiunea română (Romanian Illustartion), România ilustrată (Illustrated Romania), Figuri contemporane din România (Contemporary Figures in Romania). Pictures of the Romanian General Exhibition of 1906 appear in the magazine Literatură și Artă Română (Romanian Literature and Art) in 1907. The exhibition had a decisive role in the recognition of the national style in architecture and in its extension from the housing programme to public architecture programmes.

Influența cadrului legislativ asupra arhitecturii locative a Basarabiei din secolul al XIX-lea

Author(s): Alina Ostapov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

The present study reveals the implication of the laws in residential architecture of Bessarabia from the period of the 19-th century. Normative documents are examined, are identified the basic parameters, which influences the development of particular buildings. Geometry modeling buildings is determined by a number of laws containing restrictions on appearance and the planimetric configuration.

Dinamica dezvoltării arhitectural-urbanistice a orașului Soroca în secolul al XX-lea

Author(s): Vitalie Iatiuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

The article is dedicated to the study of architectural and urban development of Soroca between 1900 and 1990. The development of the city during that period took place in four different states: the Russian Empire, the Romanian Kingdom, and Soviet Moldavia as part of the USSR and the Republic of Moldova. From 1812 to 1918 the city developed according to the Russian town-planning and architectural tradition, based on classical European urban planning culture. The Romanian period enriched the city with buildings in the spirit of „neo Rumanian” architecture and Art Nouveau. The Soviet period is characterized by strong state centralization of urban development functions. The introduction of industrial construction methods transformed the one-floor town into a city with multi-story blocks of typical design. The author provides a critical analysis of the architectural and urban development of Soroca during the above-mentioned period.

Arhitectura orașului Ismail în perioada interbelică

Author(s): Leonid Dumitrascu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

This article focuses on the architectural phenomenon of Southern Bessarabia in the years 1918–1941, a case study being conducted for the architecture of Ismail city. Ismail presents itself as a city with its own personality, major urban achievements and buildings that are impressive by their attire, appeared mainly in the interwar period. Municipal buildings were built in line with development trends of Romanian architecture. Urban modernization enjoyed a real support from the government authorities. At that time plans were drawing up for landscaping and parceling sectors and verification of project documentation was done. Permanent increase of the number of construction is noted in the Registry of entries in the years 1924–1940. Thus, a coherent picture is outlined in the development of this urban settlement that recorded an original page in the history of architecture and urban planning of Bessarabia. Interwar period turned Ismail city into a major administrative and cultural center of Great Romania. Although the time was short enough, the architectural heritage has been enriched with new valuable works created by talented architects like N. Bilargiu, C. Dragu, A. Viecelli and others. It is worth to mention Episcopal Cathedral of Cetatea Alba and Ismail, Tennis Club, Social Insurance Office, Contagious Disease Cottage Hospital of City Hospital, Central Market Hall, Heroes Cemetery „King Ferdinand” etc. The author proposes in first the architectural and urban analysis of Ismail city in the reference period. New documents discovered in the archives of this city complete the image of the city’s cultural development in the interwar period.

Британские истоки архитектурных форм дворца Бржозовского в Одессе

Author(s): Yury Pismak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

An outstanding British architect Edward Blore (1787–1879) is the main author of project of Vorontsov’s Palace in Alupka (the Crimea, 1830–1848). In the opining of many researchers the Vorontsov’s Palace in Alupka is the best of Edward Blore’s works. Seemingly under impression of Vorontsov’s Alupka Palace, Brzhozovsky’s Palace (Shakh’s Palace. 1851–1852) was built to the project of a renowned Odessa architect Felix Gonsiorovski (1815–1891) in 2 Nadezhdinskaya (Gogol) street in Odessa. Apart from Tudor elements and Castel style, these two Palaces are related yet by the fact that they both are situated on the Black Sea coast. Facades of Brzhozovsky’s Palace remind the same of a distinguished monument of architecture, historically connected with the names of British monarchs – the Hampton Court Palace. Hampton Court Palace was recognized as the acme of the English palace architecture. Splendid ensemble sprawling on the bank of the Thames River near London was initiated in 1514. The great vogue for all Gothic sprang up in St. Petersburg under the spell of Walter Scott’s (1771–1832) historic novels. The article tells also about prototypes of Tudor arch – an element which characterizes English architecture of 16th century. This form of the arch was spread to many countries from United Kingdom. However, long before England, this form of arch was used by architects of Iran and other countries of Central Asia. Formation of Odessa’s and all Southern Region of the Ukraine architectural appearance in the 19th century was influenced by different architectural European schools. Especially in this article is noted British influence. Consequently it seems proper to consider this process in the retrospect of the European development as a whole.

Arhitectura din perioada postbelică a Moldovei sovietice

Author(s): Tamara Nesterov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

After the formation of the Soviet Socialistic Republic of Moldova in August 1944, the cities, through which the World War II warfront passed, started to be restored. Urban planning was concentrated in design institutes employing architects from Bessarabia, who returned from evacuation, and architects arrived from the USSR. The restoration of dilapidated historic buildings for administrative offices was done by broadening their special and volumetric structure and the simplification of the architecture. Because of the fast rhythm of restoration, few architectural monuments correspond to their original appearance. The ruined buildings were replaced by new buildings, designed in the spirit of Russian classicism and socialistic realism with the reproduction of Italian Renaissance architecture composition. Planning in architecture obtained a new character: following internal competitions, the design that met most requirements was selected and sent to a brigade to make the draft for execution.

Dimensiunile specifice ale activităţii de sistematizare a localităţilor rurale din RSSM

Author(s): Serghei Severin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

Being concerned about the history of establishment of the urban planning in Moldova, especially the influence of urban development on rural settlements, we intend to identify priority directions and specifics of this process so far uninvestigated. Legislation, theoretical and practical basis for implementation of the principles of urban development of settlements in the soviet era were developed gradually. Initially they revolved around energy and industrial projects on union scale. Followed by a series of decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Soviet of Ministers of the Soviet Union, like the one in 1957 „On the development of housing construction”, or „About regulation of construction in villages” in 1968, and construction norms and rules (СНиП) 2.07.01-89. Architectural peculiarities of spatial development of rural localities in MSSR consists in purposes of the central power, set out in decisions and rules abovementioned, and the role assigned for moldovan village in the administrative and political structure of the republic. Thereby we distinguish two main directions in the architectural-spacial development of he moldovian rural settlements: development on horizontal and development on vertical. The first one is related with planimetric systematization of localities, and the second – with development of socio-cultural component. Therefore we observe trends toward quantitative and qualitative changes in the organization of the village of MSSR. In communication we intend to highlight the peculiarities of architectural-spacial development of moldavian village, that have determined some specific directions in the systematization process of rural localities.

Arhitectura complexului vitivinicol de la Bulboaca între concept şi realizare artistică

Author(s): Aurelia Trifan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2016

After nearly a century of operation, the winery from Bulboaca (Anenii Noi district, Republic of Moldova) requires radical changes for further valorification. The trend of compliance with the phenomenon of tourism is highlighted in the architectural designs of the reconstruction that started in 2011. The fundamental principle in the evolution of the modern wine company is providing generous and cordial services to visitors, thus determining the winery owners to also create a new architectural identity. Current transformations introduce, in the architecture of the complex, another direction in the development of wineries that connects the wine culture and architecture with scenic trends.

Architektura w mundurze i po mundurze

Author(s): Piotr Korduba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

For a long time very little attention was paid to what was built or rebuilt during the Second World War. In recent years the situation has changed somewhat, thanks in large part to the monumental project comprised by the exhibit "Architecture in Uniform. Designing and Building for the Second World War" (2011). This project shifted the centre of gravity for studies of the importance of the Second World War for architecture, moving away from the view of the war as a purely destructive force and perceiving in it a time of great organizational, technological and material innovation.It was precisely technology and new materials that became the “most valuable residues of the war.” Studies of the relationships between architecture and the Second World War have led to reflection on the change that took place in people’s sense of time and durability with reference to that art form. The war shook the perception of the present as something lasting, a state with long-term currency. It showed that what had hitherto been seen as indicators of that durability, urban structures with their layered transformations, were nothing of the kind, and established their strategic position as targets of destruction (consider the attack on New York’s World Trade Centrein September 2001). It also devalued the belief that definitive and closed functions could be assigned to buildings, making people aware of their flexibility and thereby preparing architecture for its postwar tasks in new political, social, and economic circumstances. Finally, it fulfilled the hopes that such a disaster might be a wonderful opportunity for modernization on the widest possible scale.

Influence of Water to Cement Ratio with Different Amount of Binder on Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete

Author(s): Evaldas Šerelis,Vitoldas Vaitkevičius,Vidas Kerševičius,Mariangela Deligia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Four different composition of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) have been created for this study, while W/C ratio varied from 0.25 to 0.33. Amount of cement, quartz sand and super plasticizer has been maintained constant (at 735 kg/m3, 962 kg/m3 and 36.76 l respectively). As binder glass powder and silica fume were used. Optimal fines of glass powder were selected by Chapelle test. In experiment different combinations of silica fume, glass powder and quartz powder as microfiller were used. Compressive strength up to 160 MPa were obtained. The main aim of experiment was to create relationships between w/c ratio and compressive strength and to find optimal composition of UHPC. Slump, dynamic viscosity, density, and compressive strength test methods were used. In experiment glass powder were successfully utilized in UHPC and were obtained essential results for proper composition calculation.