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Religious Education in Austria: Between Confessionality and Pluralism

Author(s): Wolfgang Weirer / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2016

Research objective: The aim of the paper is to redefine “confessionality” in religious education in Austrian schools, regarding to changing circumstances. The research problem and methodology: The paper describes the history of confessional religious education in Austria, which gets several problems in different school-situations. In some schools, there are 8 and more sorts of confessional religious education. After the description of possible alternatives, a proposal of redefining confessional education is presented. The process of argumentation: The paper starts with an overview of the history and the actual situation of religious education in Austrian schools. Currently 13 recognized religions and denominations in Austria provide religious education. In some situations religious education becomes impossible due to insufficient student numbers. So the state and religious communities will have to try and establish new models of teaching. The main part of the paper consists of pros and cons in the conceptual considerations of confessionality. Research results: It is a challenge to rethink confessional religious education: religious communities will have to take joint responsibility and provide religious education as a service to students with clear denominational features. Conclusions, innovation and recommendations: There are three first steps very necessary in the next future: Commitment of the religious communities to religious education; a new concept to try at several locations; practical support concerning multi-religious events.

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Kazateľský úrad v kráľovských mestách Horného Uhorska v 16. a 17. storočí: očakávania mestskej komunity a cirkvi

Author(s): Peter Benka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2022

The article looks into tasks assigned to the preaching office in Protestant communities in towns of Upper Hungary in the 16th and 17th centuries (Pentapolitana league). It tackles the issue from the perspective of the history of ideas and contextual historical analysis. The analysis is based on a corpus of theological and normative texts of secular and religious character from the studied region. An outline of the theological frame (given by basic dogmatic texts) that for the Protestant communities served as the background for defining the nature of preaching office is followed by an analysis of expectations set by the representatives of the local church and town communities. Key to these are the matters of dogmatic orthodoxy and issues related to the contents of preaching, the expected social impact, and requirements set on preachers by secular and religious bodies. The article also outlines the opportunities and limitations for implementation of the idealised image of the preaching office in specific conditions of individual towns, especially with regards to educational and dogma-related requirements and the conflicting potential of preaching with respect to the secular power.

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Biblická mýtizácia v autobiografckých dielach Štefana Pilárika

Author(s): Ingrid Papp / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2022

The life of the Slovak Protestant priest and Baroque period author Štefan Pilárik (1615 – 1693) was filled with hardships. Pilárik was forced to convert by the Jesuits – and several times during his life at that –, in 1663, he was captured by the Tatars and Turks, and at the time the Protestant priests were persecuted, he was forced to leave the country. Pilárik described his sufferings in three texts bearing Latin titles: Sors Pilarikiana (1666), a poem written in Slovakized Czech and in German-language proses Currus Jehovae mirabilis (1678) and Turcico-Tartarica crudelitas (1684). These autobiographical stories are rare examples of early modern period autobiographical ego-documents written in the Kingdom of Hungary. As to the form and content, they followed the 17th-century Protestant preaching practice – the rhetorical and homiletic ways of creating the texts of sermon literature. The author was familiar with the inventive, dispositional, and elocutionary devices of the Lutheran homiletics and exegesis as formed by the Protestant theologians Philipp Melanchthon (1497 – 1560) and Andreas Gerhard Hyperius (1511 – 1564) and made them part of the systematising, interpretational, and expressive means he employed in his literary works.

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WONDER IN THE FACE OF BEAUTY AND THE POETIC WORD. AN AESTHETIC AND THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Cecilia Avenatti De Palumbo / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2022

L’émerveillement devant la beauté et la parole poétique. Une perspective esthétique et théologique. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que Hans Urs von Balthasar et Karl Rahner ont présenté une esthétique théologique centrée sur l’émerveillement : tous deux le considèrent comme une réponse du sujet à la révélation divine, qui révèle une belle figure à voir et une parole poétique à entendre. La paire esthétique émerveillement / réponse correspond à la paire anthropologique amour / liberté, de sorte que le mouvement de l’émerveillement s’enracine dans la disposition amoureuse et la réponse dans la liberté. Dans l’horizon épistémologique du dialogue interdisciplinaire entre Littérature, Esthétique et Théologie de notre propre recherche, nous appliquerons ces médiations aux Quatre Quatuors de T.S. Eliot, en le trouvant comme représentatif de l’émerveillement esthétique théologique décrit en son sein.

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Pünkösdizmus és szociális integráció: egy csángó asszony vallásváltása

Author(s): Lehel Peti / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 01/2022

Between 2013-2017, I conducted research in an ERC research project in a micro-region of Moldova in Roma, Orthodox Romanian and Moldavian Csángó Pentecostal communities. The fieldworkbased analyses focused on the ritual practices of these communities, the relationship between migration and conversion, the modelling of conversion stories, etc. (The summarizing volume of the studies: “We have the gift of Christ in us.” Pentecostalism in Romanian, Roma and Csángó communities from Moldavia. Balassi Kiadó–Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület, Budapest–Kolozsvár, 2020.) Based on this research project, but expanding it with new fieldwork and research perspective, the study analyzes the story of a Csangó woman who converted to Pentecostalism in a Catholic village in Moldova. The analysis gives an insight into the functioning of the norms and institutions that determine the life of the person, the reaction of the Roman Catholic community, the response of the family and the strategy of the priest in the situation. Along the lines of John Lofland and Rodney Stark’s 1967 model defining aspects of religious conversions, I present the life events deemed most important in her approach to Pentecostalism, as well as the fundamental changes in her worldview.

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Świadkowie Jehowy na ziemiach polskich – w XX wieku

Author(s): Jan Miłosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Jehovah’s Witnesses have been present in Poland for over a hundred years. This period was full of various events affecting both their entire community and its individual members. Beginnings in the interwar period - partly as a legal association, but also as a group facing misunderstanding and attempts to make it illegal. The period of the Nazi occupation - tragic for the entire community and for individual believers who in concentration camps, wearing a purple triangle armband, were victims of this system. Poland of 1945-1989 is a stage that can be divided into several fragments - the legal beginning in 1945-1950, the years of banalization and Stalinist persecution - 1950-1956; illegal activity in the years 1956-1979 and the beginning of the road to legal existence in the 1980s. The last stage is the activity in free Poland - it is the period of legal activity from 1989 to the present day. All these stages in the history of Jehovah’s witnesses influence their perception in today’s reality of the Third Republic.

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Das allgemeine Priestertum in der Praxis oder die Rolle der Laien in der Kirche. Das lutherische Beispiel

Author(s): Jerzy Sojka / Language(s): German Issue: 2 (32)/2022

The purpose of this study is to present the ways in which the universal priesthood is realised in the Lutheran Church in Poland. The first part presents the basics of the involvement of unordained people in the Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession (Lutheran) in Poland in form of the reformational concept of the universal priesthood of all believers / all baptized. The second part discusses the practical involvement of people who are not ordained in the practice of the Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession in Poland in the areas of: individual piety, church management, participation in pastoral and liturgical activities.

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Religious ritual as a means of forming values and moral attitudes on the basis of the sacrament of baptism

Author(s): Tomasz Gwoździewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2 (32)/2022

The article presents the religious ritual that is the rite of the sacrament of baptism as a means of forming moral values and attitudes. The purpose of the presented research is an attempt to show the formative character of the baptismal ritual and its communicative character, which become apparent through the analysis of the individual components of the baptismal rite. The synthesis made allows for a better understanding of the individual signs, which evoke the specific content of the Christian message of conversion and call for a more conscious following of the path of faith.

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ŻYCIE I DZIAŁALNOŚĆ WOJSKOWA O. MARCINA CHROSTOWSKIEGO

Author(s): Wiktor Szymborski / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXVIII/2022

The aim of the article is to present the reader with a fascinating biography of Father Marcin Chrostowski OP, chaplain of the Polish Armed Forces in the West during II world war. Father Chrostowski before he become member of the dominican order took part in the campaign of 1920 against bolschevik. Next he had studied in Warsaw and Cracow, he had prepared a PHD disertation. During II world war he volunteered for the polish army in France in 1939, whre he was staying before september 39. Next he become chaplain of the Polish Armed Forces in the West — in France and Great Britain. Soon he become secretary of Field Bishop Gawlina, with whom he travelled to the USSR. After his service in the Holy Land, he was transferred to Great Britain, where he joined the General Maczek’s 1st Armored Division as a chaplain of the 9th Rifle Battalion. As a chaplain of that formation he took part in numerous battles from France to Wilhelmshaven. Notably, he was rewarded for his heroism during the hostilities at Baarle Nassan with the War Order of Virtuti Militari.

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Zasady teologii pośrednictwa w świetle chrystologii Paula Tillicha oraz ich implikacje dla myśli i praktyki katolickiej

Author(s): Marcin Walczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

Paul Tillich, one of the greatest Protestant theologians of the twentieth century, is the creator of an original theological system in which Christology plays a central role. Although the theologian was reluctant to use the term “mediation”, in his work he presented Christ as the Mediator of revelation and salvation. Tillich’s Christology is a valuable source of reflection on what mediation is and on what principles it should be understood and presented in theology. This article presents the principles of shaping the theology of mediation based on the thought of Tillich. In the first part, these principles will be listed and discussed, and in the second part, conclusions related to Catholic theology and practice will be drawn. Tillich’s thought in this regard turns out to be a valuable contribution to the ecumenical dialogue, since the topic of mediation has been one of the main fields of the catholic-protestant dispute since the Reformation.

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Sharing the Eucharist? Critical Comments from a Canonical Perspective on the Statement “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians

Author(s): Jiří Dvořáček / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2022

The following article analyses the statement of the Ecumenical Study Group of Protestant and Catholic Theologians entitled “Together at the Lord’s Table” (2019) from the perspective of canon law of the Latin Church. First, it briefly presents the content of the statement, then it summarises the opinion of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The article shows that the alternate participation in the Protestant and Catholic service of celebrating the Lord’s Supper / Eucharist by virtue of baptism alone is problematic from the perspective of Catholic canon law. Canon law builds on Catholic ecclesiology and sacramentology, based on the connection between baptism and the Church as well as the Church, the ministerial priesthood, and the celebration of the Eucharist. The article, then, shows the instruments of canon law for the protection of the Catholic faith regarding the apostolic succession as the only valid condition for presiding over the Eucharistic community and the Eucharist as the substantial presence of Christ. In the final chapter, the implications of participation in ecumenical worship for the Catholic faithful will be summarised. The participation of Protestants in Catholic worship, as proposed by the Statement, is not explicitly regulated by canon law. The CIC, in Canon 844 § 4, lays down only the conditions under which Protestants may licitly receive selected sacraments (the Eucharist, the anointing of the sick and the sacrament of penance), while for a valid reception of the Eucharist their baptism alone enables them.

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Teológiai tanárok munkássága a Református Szemle tükrében a második bécsi döntést megelőzően és azt követően

Author(s): Mózes Ambrus / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2022

The Second Vienna Award brought a positive turn for the Hungarians living in Northern Transylvania, which was also reflected in the academic life. In our study, we examine the impact of the return to the motherland on the work of theological teachers. Református Szemle was one of the most important press organs of Transylvanian Reformed Church, and we will examine the writings, editorials and articles published there. The articles of the year 1940 are examined in more detail. During this year, four teachers (Tavaszy, Gönczy, Imre, Nagy) had their writings published in the Református Szemle. We analyse their writings exploring the eventual influence of the aftermath of the Second Vienna Award on the style, message, and theme of their writings.

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Культ Иосафата Кунцевича в Речи Посполитой в XVII веке: Между религиозной нетерпимостью и прозелитизмом

Author(s): Kirill Maximovich Medvedev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1 (33)/2023

In the article within the framework of traditional ideas and concepts associated with the phenomenon of martyrdom in Western Christianity the discursive construction, formation and evolution of the cult of the Catholic martyr Josaphat Kuntsevych is considered in the context of intense inter-confessional confrontation and «Wars of Religion» in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. It is noted that the cult of the Uniate Archbishop of Polotsk, killed by the Orthodox, was actively used in the confrontation with the «gentiles», especially with adherents of the Orthodox Church, justifying the struggle and violence against them and, in particular, against the most convinced and stubborn enemies of the Catholic Church and the Church Union with Divine wrath and «revenge» for the shed blood of the martyr. At the same time, the cult of Josaphat had a pronounced proselytizing character, aimed at spreading Catholicism among the «gentiles». Both of these hypostases did not contradict each other, since within the framework of the Christian tradition it was believed that the martyrs, accepting death for their faith, contribute to the victory of Christianity over its enemies and its spread, because by their martyrdom they put a choice before their tormentors: either believe in the true God or be doomed to eternal suffering. Secondly, Christian authors of the Middle Ages and early modern period traditionally noted that both preaching and coercion (even violence) are equally important for the spread of the «true faith», and within the framework of the cult of Josaphat Kuntsevych this belief was vividly reflected.

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THEOLOGY OF RESURRECTION REFLECTED IN THE LITURGICAL HYMNS OF THE PENTICOSTAR

Author(s): Stelian Gheorghiasa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

The act of Christ's Resurrection has a wealth of meanings because it is practically a renewal of the whole of creation headed by its "king", the human being, and this gives the Resurrection many nuances. It changes the plan and perspective of human life. „Now all things are filled with light: the heavens and the earth, and things under the earth. Let all flesh therefore celebrate the resurrection of Christ, in whom it is established”. But above all, the Resurrection of Christ generally grounds our faith in a continuation of life after death. Without this event we would not have a provable fact of an afterlife. It could have been said that Jesus, by dying, ceased to be forever, and every man by dying, dies in eternity.

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IMPACTUL DIGITALIZĂRII ÎN EVOLUȚIA ACTUALĂ ȘI VIITOARE A IDENTITĂȚI CREȘTINE ÎN LUME

Author(s): Marcel-Leon Treica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

The main aim of my theoretic-experimental study is to analyze the applications of digital technologies in the communication of religion (Protestant, Orthodox) with the Christian world. The purpose of my research concerns a dual objective: to study the evolution of religious practice in the communication, interaction, perception of Christian peoples (similarities, diﬀerences); and to evolve the role of the transformation of practices on stability and ﬂexibility of identities of these peoples.

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,,Restytucja” cmentarza ewangelickiego w Radzewicach jako przykład dziedziczenia funeralnego na terenach postimigracyjnych Polski

Author(s): Marcin Filary / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2023

This paper analyses, using the recently restored Evangelical cemetery at Radzewice as an example, the circumstances of the phenomenon which should be described as funerary inheritance. The cemetery, just like tens of other cemeteries in its nearest vicinity, fell into oblivion after the Evangelical community was displaced. However, in contrast to the majority of non-Catholic burial sites in the region, its further decomposition and ruination were stopped owing to the activity of the persons indicated in the publication. The above was possible in view of certain specific local relations, the existence of which formed the basis of the inheritance process. Above all, they included the dominance of individual memory over the collective and the national memory, and the preserved sense of sacred space, connected with the area, space of the cemetery. The reconstruction of the former cemetery chapel was a harbinger of the restitution of the cemetery, which was carried out in the late 1980s. Its circumstances and consequences, i.e. the establishment of a memorial site and a new Catholic cemetery next to the former Evangelical cemetery, now covered by maintenance, picture the funerary inheritance announced by the title of this paper.

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ADVENTIȘTII DE ZIUA A ȘAPTEA ȘI SĂNĂTATEA - DE LA GRIJA PENTRU MINE LA PREOCUPAREA PENTRU CELĂLALT

Author(s): Daniel Adrian Neagu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2023

Seventh-day Adventists are recognized worldwide as having health care among their main concerns. Those who wish to become members must accept the Levitical distinctions of clean and unclean animals, abstain from the use and sale of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. But this concern is not one exclusively for church members to be in better health but is about serving the community in which they live. This has led them to set up a vast network of sanatoriums and hospitals around the world, to organise actions to promote a healthy lifestyle and to get involved in all kinds of campaigns and projects aimed at promoting health or helping the sick. Caring for the health and wellbeing of others can make a decisive contribution to a climate of peace and well-being in society and help to break down prejudices of all kinds, and this will promote a sense of trust and peace between cultures and religions or denominations.

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The People and Lady Mary: The Relationship between the Mother of Jesus and the Rise of Anglican Polity in the English Church, 1549-1662

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The People and Lady Mary: The Relationship between the Mother of Jesus and the Rise of Anglican Polity in the English Church, 1549-1662

Author(s): Gareth Jones / Language(s): English Issue: 50/2010

This essay examines research into a significant question for the history of European Protestantism, and specifically the Church of England after reformation, through a critique of changes to the relationship between the people and Lady Mary from the 1549 to the 1662 Books of Common Prayer.

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Razvoj prezenta u bosaničnim pravnim tekstovima srednjovjekovne Bosne

Author(s): Almira Džanić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2024

The paper deals with the development of the present tense in Bosnian legal texts of medieval Bosnia with the aim of better understanding the present tense and its continuations in the modern Bosnian language. The work is based on the corpus of charters that were created in the area of medieval Bosnia in the period from the 12th to the 15th century. We chose the corpus of charters because they are relatively far from the Church Slavonic language and are closer to the living vernacular. Present continuations are tabulated and accompanied by appropriate examples. This paper also includes a comparative analysis of the occurrence of present tenses in the Gospels. We chose this approach so that the relationship between Old Church Slavonicism and the influence of the vernacular language could be better observed. In part of this work, the method of learning and mastering the present tense is also methodologically explained through the teaching process at the faculty, because in our work with students we noticed the need for a more transparent presentation.

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