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4.50 €

Guča Gora i graditeljski val u Bosni Srebrenoj pod konac osmanske vlasti

Author(s): Fra Marko Karamatić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

From the beginning of the conquest of Bosnia in 1463, the number of sacral buildings had been continuously decreasing. The Ottoman authorities didn’t allow new ones to be built. The most sacral buildings were destroyed at the end of 17th century during the Austrian-Turkish war. So it happened that in beginning of 19th century only five churches and three of numerous middle age monasteries remained in Bosnia Argentina. Worship was performed in the open. In the forties of the 19th century reforms attempting to accommodate Ottoman Empire to West-European standards in politics, economy and equality of citizens were initiated. The Sultan’s decree of 1839 permitted the increase of freedoms to the Christians, and the decree of 1856 made Christians equal to the Muslims. The result was that it was easier to get licenses to build churches, bringing about the real building wave in Bosnia Argentina: monasteries in Livno, Plehan, Tolisa, among others the monumental one in Guča Gora, monastery churches in Sarajevo, Kreševo, Sutjeska, Jajce, Petrićevac,, and parish churches in Vidoši, Ovčarevo, Dolac, Vareš, Dubica…

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Sakralni prostori gučogorskog samostana u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća

Author(s): Mirko Jozić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Referat predstavlja likovni aspekt djelovanja franjevaca od polovice dvadesetog stoljeća do danas. U središtu pozornosti su sakralne građevine i njihovi interijeri jer se u uređenju sakralnih prostora uzajamno prepliću i dopunjaju vjera u Boga i povjerenje u čovjeka – temeljna odrednica života i rada franjevca. Uređenje sakralnih prostora gučogorskog samostana u naznačenom može se podijeliti na dvije faze. Prvu fazu čine sedamdesete i osamdesete godine dvadesetog stoljeća kada su u većini crkava i kuća učinjeni veliki pomaci: nastala su dobra interijerska rješenja i stvorene su jezgre mogućih budućih zbirki u samostanu i po kućama. Rat je prekinuo sve poduhvate i nanio neprocjenjivu štetu. Druga faza počinje nakon rata i traje cijelo prvo desetljeće novoga stoljeća: nju karakteriziraju nesustavno prikupljanje umjetnina i parcijalni zahvati u sakralne prostore. Nastaju velike zbirke umjetnina bez velike likovne vrijednosti. Sretnu iznimku predstavlja župa župna crkva u Novoj Biloj kao i filijalna crkva u Zabilju – gdje su uvažavaju najviši likovni kriteriji.

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Kongregácia regulovaných kanonistiek sv. Augustína rehole Notre Dame v Bratislave v 18. storočí

Author(s): Miroslav Kamenický / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The sixteenth century, Reformation and Re-Catholization represented a great challenge for nuns and monks in convents and monasteries. A new type of religious order - the Society of Jesus was founded in 1534. Its members - Jesuits focused mainly on educational work. They founded schools for boys on the all levels. Following example of Jesuits, women's orders started to mushroom. In 1535, it was St. Ursula Order and in the end of the 16th century, it was the Order of Notre Dame. Their main activities were care and education of girls. In 1628, the Order of Notre Dame was transformed into Congregation of St. Augustine nuns of the Order of Notre Dame. The order originated in Lorraine region and spread to France and Germany. Notre Dame nuns appeared in Bratislava, the capital of Hungarian kingdom then, for the first time in 1747. They came from Bavaria, from a convent near Regensburg. In Bratislava, they gradually built a spacious convent, convent school for girls and a boarding school. They focused on education of girls from middle and upper classes. The Convent enjoyed the patronage of the empress Maria Theresa, who took personal interest and visited it several times. The author deals in detail with some aspects of the daily routine of young girls educated in the convent. Food and medical were on a good level. Religion, French and German languages, geography, history, accounting and needlework was free of charge. Hungarian and Italian languages and drawing, dance and music lessons were paid and optional.

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Kazania Peregryna z Opola w świetle procesu świdnickich beginek z 1332 roku

Author(s): Marcin Kiełbus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to direct the attention of the public to the heretofore neglected relationship between the popular volume of the sermons of Peregryn of Opole and the bourgeoning anti‑heretical discourse of the turn of the 13th century, in which the Dominican Order remained deeply involved. The article focuses on the figure of the author mainly in the context of the activity of the Inquisition, but also in the context of the secular reforms of the Fourth Council of the Lateran, which adopted a polemic stance with regard to insubordinate devotion.

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Обичаји животног циклуса верника српских православних парохија у Kалифорнији

Author(s): Gordana Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The life cycle folkways (baptism , wedding, monasticism, funeral rites) of the Serbs in California have to a considerable extent been influenced by the American way of life. The ceremony of baptising adults is carried out either in church or in improvized baptistries, or in pools within private homes or condom iniums. Weddings in church are extremely rare, and half of their total number is for heterogeneous marriages. The weddings in most cases take place on Saturdays and are preceded by a “dress-rehearsal” in church, where the participants practice the wedding arrangements. The funeral rites have been affected by the US laws, from the “beautification” of the deceased, to funeral time-schedule, to tom stone height. American monasticism within the framework of the Serbian Orthodox Church contributes to the spreading of the Serbian saints worship. The americanization of the people of faith is shaping, so to speak, the “americanization” of the ritual-religious practices.

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Узроци и разлози преврата у Русији 1917. године у српској црквеној публицистици 20-их година 20. века

Author(s): Radovan Pilipović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with the part of the ideological world of Russian emigrants, primarily priests and theologians, who wrote on the pages of the Serbian church press of the 1920s about the reasons and causes of the coup in Russia in 1917. The approach from the standpoint of providentialism, which was traditional for Christian church in explaining the historical processes, dominated; at the same time, apocalyptic–symbolic–esoteric tones prevailed as they were intensified by the real difficulties of refugee life. When Russian emigrants tried to study the mystery of success of the October revolution, they used the Serbian church periodical press to show their anti-Semitic moods, criticism of communism from the Christian position and fear of the Bolshevism.

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Односи између Српске и Бугарске православне цркве у периоду 1918−1941. године

Author(s): Radmila Radić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Serbian and Bulgarian Orthodox Church entered into a process of gradual rapprochement during the interwar period. The process was aiming to overcome feelings of mutual distrust and bitterness caused by the ongoing implications of the ‘Macedonian Question’ and maltreatment of the Serbian priesthood under the Bulgarian occupation of Serbia during World War I. An important role of intermediary in this process of reconciliation was played by organization ‘The World Alliance for International Friendship through the Churches’. After the church delegates faced many difficulties; a final breakthrough in negotiations took place on the meetings held in the monastery of Rila in Bulgaria in 1933 and the monastery of St. Naum in Ohrid in 1936. Since then, the relations between the two churches became more or less sett led until the April War in Yugoslavia in 1941. Namely, as a consequence of the partition of the Yugoslav territory the Bulgarian Orthodox Church had assumed jurisdiction over three Serbian Orthodox Church dioceses in Macedonia.

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Carol Cortobius Architecture

Author(s): Maria Boștenaru Dan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Carol Cortobius was an architect trained in Germany, with an initial practice at Otto Wagner in Vienna, who worked for the Hungarian community in Bucharest building churches. An introduction on the catholic Hungarian community in Bucharest will be given. Dănuț Doboș in a monograph of one catholic church in Bucharest offers an overview of all his works. For the three catholic churches on which he intervened (two built, one restored, but altered now) there are monographs showing archive images not available for the general public. Apart of the catholic churches (two of the Hungarian community) he also built the baptist seminar. Particularly the first built church, Saint Elena, is interesting as an early example of Art Deco and will be analysed in the context of the Secession in Vienna and Budapest, which will be introduced. With help of historic maps the places of the works were identified. Many of them do not exist today anymore because of demolitions either to build new streets or those of the Ceaușescu period (ex. the opereta theatre, a former pharmacy). Images of these were looked for in groups dedicated to he disappeared Uranus neighbourhood The paper will show where these were located. Some of the common buildings have an interesting history, such as the first chocolate factory. Another interesting early Art deco building is the pelican house. There are common details between this and the restored church. The research will be continued with archive research in public archives when the sanitary situation will permit.

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Radnički sindikati u socijalnom nauku Katoličke crkve

Author(s): Mislav Miholek / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This paper presents the development of Catholic Social Teaching on the issue of trade unions from Pope Leo XIII. to Pope John Paul II. Social encyclicals and other church documents are analyzed in the chronological order of their creation. In addition to church documents, other available theological, sociological, and political science literature is used. Special emphasis is placed on the social doctrine of John Paul II. which in several documents legitimized the trade union movement as socially relevant and necessary.

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ZAŠTO JE DOŠLO DO PROMJENE POLITIKE ODNOSA PREMA RELIGIJI I CRKVI NEPOSREDNO NAKON DRUGOG SVJETSKOG RATA

Author(s): Ivan Cvitković / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

A little bit about the relation of the National Liberation Movement (NLM) towards religion and religious communities: most members of the Movement were not Communists; the Communists were the organisers of the anti-fascist struggle; what the NLM fought for, the National Liberation Front (NLF) policy; introduction of the title of religious officers among fighters; examples of the National Liberation Movement attitude towards freedom of religion; freedom of religious education; establishment of the „Religious Commission“... On religion and the Church at the Third Session of ZAVNOBiH: religious officials at the session; analysis of discussions that critically reviewed religion and religious communities; election of priests in ZAVNOBiH. Where did it go wrong? Why have there been changes in attitudes towards religion and the Church? The beginnings of intolerance: mutual actions (of the authorities and religious communities) that led to the deterioration of relations. What bothered religious communities? What motivated authorities to change their policy and tighten attitudes towards religious communities?

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Church and Change with a Special Focus on the Romanian Institutional Ecclesiology

Author(s): Dan Sandu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Pre present context views the Church as a construct of human mind, promoting religiosity and a certain ritual (mostly needed by the people with no reference to a living God) whose main role is to provide social services in a given society, or, in a more plastic exposure, "the club of Christ". And this is in general accurate given that she passed through history making use of the same means and instruments of any human organisation. Her transcendent dimension was entrusted to the mystical minds and liturgists who defined her as a boat of salvation and the foretasting of the Kingdom. Is such an institution subject to change? If yes, what can be changed and when, in what extent and for what length? The study aims at a few attempts to accept change as a form of subsistence. The faithful have their own expectations from the main Church, the experiences of the Romanian Church members abroad bring new challenges facing this conservative institution. One cannot speak of real change, but rather an adaptation to the new context where the mythical approach of religion leaves more room for the rational approach and even to the pluralistic one. This is presented as the normal evolution of the future religion which expects to be more spiritual than institutional, in line with the new discoveries of neuroscience, evolution and hard sciences, towards an integral (even super-integral) approach.

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Metodický přístup ke studiu dřevěných kostelů a jejich mezinárodní souvislosti na severovýchodní Moravě a Těšínském Slezsku

Author(s): Jiří Langer / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The hitherto interpretation of wooden churches followed the art-historical and aesthetical approaches as a marginal theme within the interest in the style masonry architecture in Southern-European and Western-European regions. Central and Northern Europe, accentuating the protection against demons and enemy troops, featured other functioning genetic roots. To get familiar with wooden churches, one has to analyze the function of their investor, ideologist, and architect in the framework of historical relations of European cultural regions. The study mentions several examples depicting the genesis of the wooden cathedral form with cross-shaped ground plan in the 17th century and the occurrence thereof in Europe, as well as other ideological neologisms, even if disadvantageous as to their function, in the architecture of wooden churches.

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Ortodoxní kostel svaté Paraskevy v Blansku

Author(s): Roman Malach / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article pays attention to the circumstances connected with transfer of the small wooden church of St Paraskevi and its building development. Originally, this church of Marmaros type used to stand in the village of Nižné Seliště in today’s Ukraine. It was built in the mid- 17th century. In the 1930s, it was transferred to the town of Blansko in the South-Moravian Region. The church was ceremonially consecrated on 23 May 1937. As compared to its original location, remodelling made in the new place influenced the appearance of the church. Significant constructional changes were made especially after the Allied bombing of Blansko in May 1945 when the church was significantly damaged. The building is administrated by the Czechoslovak Hussite Church and despite many interventions, it has kept its historical character. The church is one of the most important cultural monuments in the region.

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От култа към езическите херои към култа към християнските светци в балканските земи - проблеми на историографията

Author(s): Milen Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper deals with the current state of scientific research concerning the religious transformation from the cult of the pagan heroes to the cult of the Christian saints in the Balkan lands south of the Danube. The geographic frame of this study covers the area, which was inhabited in the age of Antiquity by the Thracians. A comparative review has been made of the research works of some western authors like P. Saintyves, H. Delehaye, P. Brown, J. Fredouille and others, who represent various research trends and paradigms. It seems that the more Christian viewpoint the author shares, the more is he inclined to reject the idea of dependency between the cult of the saints and the cult of the heroes; and vice versa – the more emancipated is he from the authority of the church, the more tending is he to affirm the idea of religious continuity. At this background, there is a number of major Bulgarian researchers, as well as foreign researchers, dealing with the Balkan lands, who have been presented in the paper – like I. Gueorguieva, G. Kazarow, Chr. Walter, E. Theodorov, I. Dujčev and some other. They have treated certain aspects of the transition. The study of the traditional popular culture, containing ancient pagan vestiges, is of primary importance in analyzing the subject matter. There are many other authors, who have treated the religious transition, but, in genera, the researchers, presented in this study, seem to form the overall notion concerning the scientific discourse on the problem. Of course, there remain numerous issues, which may be subject of further fruitful research.

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Идеите на исихазма, отразени в творчеството на Патриарх Евтимий

Author(s): Antoaneta Buyuklieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article examines the works of Patriarch Evtimii, founder of the Tarnovo Literari School and an undoubted authority in the spiritual and cultural life of medieval Bulgaria, in connection with the ideas of the most powerful ideological movement – the Hesychasm. The ideas of hesyhast doktrine are indirectly reflected in the life and encomium of the writer through the image of the characters who have the features of the perfect Hesychast. Evtimii’s answers in his messages directly reflect the ideas of hesychasm of unity of the church and dominion over secular authority and fight against the moral corruption. The analysis of Patriarch Evtimii proves that his entire literary work is subject to the strict moral norms that impose the hesychasm as a spiritual trend, as well as to the high artistic and aesthetic criteria he forms in the literature – true and artistic translations, richly decorated style, exquisite phrase.

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Izvješće križevačkoga pukovnika Johanna Josepha Herbersteina o Svidničkoj (Marčanskoj) biskupiji iz 1666. godine

Author(s): Zlatko Kudelić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The main focus of this paper is the analysis of the report of Johann Joseph Herberstein, the commander of the Križevci regiment and vice commander of Varaždin Generalate, on Bishopric of Svidnica (Marča) and the role of Bishop Gabriel Mijakić during the unrest in Krajina in 1666. Besides the reports of several bishops of Zagreb (Benedict Vinković, Peter Petretić and Martin Borković) as well as the reports of the several Jesuit priests on the unrest in Krajina, the Herberstein’s report is one of the most important historical documents for the research of the ecclesiastical union in the areas of Croatian-Slavonian Military Border as well for the research of Greek-Catholic Bishopric of Svidnica (Marča or Platea). According to Herberstein’s report, the main perpetrators of the earlier unrest as well as the unrest in 1666 were bishops of Svidnica and to them loyal priests and monks who had encourage local population by tendentious interpretations of their rights well known as Statuta Valachorum. Even more, Herberstein underlined the phony acceptance of the Church Union and the maintenance of the relations with orthodox patriarchs of Peć in spite of the fact that in order to be nominated the bishops of Svidnica they had to dismiss the subjection to the patriarchs of Peć and to stop the maintaining of any contacts with them. Due to the fact that Herberstein’s information are very similar to those of Peter Petretić, bishop of Zagreb, which can be found in his report from 1662, the author of this paper argues that Herberstein collected his information from Petretić’s report. Nevertheless, Herberstein put some of the responsibility for the unrest in Krajina in 1666 even on the Vienna court, because it has nominated the bishops of Svidnica from those candidates proposed by the local inhabitants, priests and monks, in spite of the fact that they could not reach the criteria of the Catholic Church as well as in spite that those candidates were bogus Greek-Catholics. Therefore, as the solution for the problems, Herberstein proposed replacing of the Bishop Gabriel Mijakić as well as the expulsion of those monks and priest who had just phony accepted the ecclesiastical union, and appointing of the new Greek-Catholic bishop of Svidnica more suitable to Catholic Church. Even more, the author argues that the Vienna court has not immediately reacted to the Herberstein’s report, but it was, together with other negative reports on Bishop Mijakić from 1667 and 1668, one of the arguments in replacing Bishop Gabriel Mijakić, although the official statement was that the bishop was replaced because of his role in the conspiracy of the Zrinski and counts Frankapani (1671). The reason for this different official statement was the fear of the Vienna court that the real reasons of the replacement of Bishop Mijakić – not accepting of the ecclesiastical union and maintaining the contacts with the patriarchs of Peć – would provoke new unrests of the Vlachs in Krajina. Therefore, the Vienna court had continuously underlined that Bishop Mijakić was punished by long sentence punishment because of his part in conspiracy of the Zrinski and Frankapani, for what there was no evidence at all. Nevertheless, the Vlachs had not forgotten him during his long lasting imprisonment and hoped that he would be freed and appointed once again for the bishop of Svidnica. This did not happen because Bishop Mijakić died in prison in 1686.

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Crkveno zvono sa sahat-kule u Sanskom Mostu u sjeverozapadnoj Bosni (crkvena zvona sa sahat-kula u Bosanskom ejaletu)

Author(s): Ante Škegro / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The Ethnology Department of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo stores one bronze church bell, which had been placed on the Ottoman clock-tower in Sanski Most, in northwestern Bosnia. The bell was casted in 1591 by the Venetian church bell manufacturer Zuane Batista de Antonio del Tonis (Joannes Batista de Antonio de Tonis) for some church in the eastern Adriatic region. It was pillaged by the Ottoman troops and placed on the clock tower in Sanski Most. Church bells were striking the clock alla Turca on numerous clock towers in Bosnian Eyalet (Livno in Western Bosnia, Jajce in Central Bosnia, Banja Luka in Northern Bosnia, Zvornik in Northeastern Bosnia, Foča in Eastern Bosnia, Donji Vakuf in West Central Bosnia, Gračanica in Northern Bosnia, Počitelj in Central Herzegovina, Mostar, the capital of Herzegovina, Trebinje in Eastern Herzegovina, Stolac in Eastern Herzegovina). Some of them, like the ones in Prusac near Donji Vakuf or in Gornji Vakuf in West Central Bosnia, still stand on their clock towers.

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Pasuria e Patrikanës së Pejës në kohën e psuhtimit otoman

Author(s): Olga Zirojević / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Kompleks mesjetar i objekteve kishtare afër Pejës. Në vendin ku e përshkruara gryka e Rugovës lidhët me rafshin e butë të metohisë. Seli e argjipeshkvinjëve dhe patrikëve serb nga shek., XIII gjegjësisht shekulli XIV. Kisha kryesore e manastirit është e kushtuar Apostujve të shenjtë. E ndërtuar mbi objektin e vjetër kishtar për të cilën supozohet se ka qenë i Shën Pjetri nën Zhdrellë (e njohur nga burimet historike). Në pjesët anësore të Shën Apostujve në shekullin e XIV, janë ndërtuar dy kisha në vend të kapelave të vjetra: kisha e Shën Dimitrit, në anën veriore, dhe ajo e Shën Hyjlindëses në anën jugore. Në të njejtën kohë me kishën kushtuar Hyjlindëses është ndërtuar veranda apo parahyrja, e përbashkët për të gjitha kishat, si dhe kapela e Shën Nikollës.

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Ernesto Cozzi (1870-1926): A Neglected Figure in Albanian Studies and in the History of Albania

Author(s): Noel Malcolm / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although Ernesto Cozzi is a little-known figure today, he was, at the time of his death in 1926, a person of national significance in Albania, the most important and most authoritative figure in the Catholic Church. He was the man who had planned and supervised the reform and recovery of the Church during the previous six years, after the severe disruptions of the First World War.

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Histori e krishterimit protestant në Shqipëri dhe Kosovë Kisha protestante tek shqiptarët

Author(s): Femi Cakolli / Language(s): Albanian Publication Year: 0

Krishterimi tre shekujt e parё ishte mё tepёr njё lёvizje biblike sesa njё religjion strukturalisht i organizuar sipas standardeve antike apo moderne, andaj dhe nga historianёt njihet mё shumё si krishterimi i hershёm. Deri kёtё kohё kishte këto qendra tё mёdha krishterimi: Jerusalemi, Antiokia, Aleksandria, Efesi, Roma, Korinti, Selaniku etj. Nё Kuvendin e Nices mё 324 nёn kryesimin e perandorit romak me prejardhje ilire Konstantini i Madh, krishterimi mori njё rrjedhё tё re zhvillimi.

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