Мултидисциплинарно проучавање значајнијих миграција на примеру територије Војводине (Србија) у 20. веку

Author(s): Željko Bjeljac,Milan Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2016

Migrations of population in a particular area and/or at a particular time represent the phenomenon of global proportions. As such, they require multidisciplinary approach to research. The most common questions posed by the individual, but also multidisciplinary scientific disciplines are: Who is moving? Where are they going? Why do they go? What are the natural and economic conditions of migrations? Why do migrations occur and how they maintain over time? Multidisciplinary research of migrations is very important for a more complete understanding of this process, primarily from the physical, historical, economic, ethnographic, anthropological, legal, politicological, sociological, etc. The aim of the paper is to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary research through the representation of some major migrations in Vojvodina in the 20th century. As a subject of research the following has been singled out: colonization (immigration) of population from 1919 to 1930, 1945-1948 (there are some similarities among them (population decline, new social and political conditions and legal regulation, difficulties to get used to new ways of life, mixing folklore and customs with the local population). The paper includes the emigration of the German population from Vojvodina, 1944-1950, as part of one of the largest (e) migrations in Europe in the 20th century. This migration, seen from legal, economic, historical and political aspects has consequences today, during the approach of Serbia to the European Union.

Looking for Environmental Migrants in the Receiving Country – the Example of Migrants from Chosen Countries of North Africa in Poland

Author(s): Karolina Sobczak-Szelc / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

The majority of the research investigating environmental migration is focused on source areas and little on host countries. As a consequence, a common approach to finding environmental migrants in the destination country is lacking. The aim of this paper is to present a mixed method with a quantitative (survey) and qualitative part (in-depth interviews) that was used to find environmental migrants in Poland. The research was carried out among Egyptians, Moroccans, and Tunisians. For research purposes, the definition of an environmental migrant was extended to three generations. Therefore, under investigation were the motivations and history of migration of the migrant himself, and his father and grandfather as well. The results show that environmental migrants in the destination country are a hard-to-survey population, as they comprise a group that is hard to sample, identify, find or contact, get to cooperate, and to interview. It was found, moreover, that limited knowledge regarding their father’s and grandfathers’ migration history and motivations limited the possibility to analyse how environment influenced the migration decisions of previous generations. The migration decision of the investigated migrants was influenced by other factors, such as education, marriage, or looking for a job. Although none of the investigated persons was an environmental migrant, the Moroccan interviewees mentioned the environment as a factor influencing the departure of people from their areas of origin. In the case of Egypt, however, it was difficult to link the migration decision to environmental factors.

Public policies on the protection and rights of refugees in the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Mihai Draniceru / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The legal regulation of the public policies on the protection and rights of refugees in the Republic of Moldova is under scrutiny. The public policies allow, through their study, the presentation of a brief retrospective of the phenomenon of migration in the Republic of Moldova, as well as the results of the sociological research about the perception/integration of refugees in the Moldovan society.

Ethics of the police profession and respecting the human rights

Author(s): George-Marius ȚIical / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

An issue discussed at international as well as national level on how the police officer, as a representative of the executive power of the state, performs his duty under the conditions of respect for human rights. The dispute in the matter is permanent, even if there are major changes in the current police behavior. At the same time it is necessary to identify the limits to which the policeman should be careful so as to carry out his activity as a defender of the security of the person and the property. At the level of the Romanian Police, through the strategies and plans made, as well as by the enforcement of the Code of Conduct, it is found that the current policeman has a normal behavior towards the citizen, so citizens‟trust in the Police is constantly increasing.

Canadian’s Attitudes Toward Immigration in the COVID-19 Era

Author(s): K. Bruce Newbold,Sarah Wayland,Olive Wahoush,Yudara Weerakoon / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Canada depends on immigration for economic and demographic growth. But fears of COVID-19 and attempts to control its spread have resulted in governments closing borders and/or restricting immigration. Concurrently, increased discrimination against people from Asia, and immigrants in general, has been observed. Based on a national survey, this paper examines whether Canadian’s attitudes toward immigration have shifted with the pandemic. Results suggest that Canadians have concerns regarding immigration and would prefer to see immigration numbers reduced. Increased racism and discrimination directed toward immigrants and racialized individuals is also noted.

Inter-Country Variations in COVID-19 Incidence from a Social Science Perspective

Author(s): Uzi Rebhun / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

COVID-19 has spread unevenly among countries. Beyond its pathogenicity and its contagious nature, it is of the utmost importance to explore the epidemiological determinants of its health outcomes. I focus on the thirty-six OECD member states and examine country-level characteristics of the timing of the coronavirus outbreak and its morbidity and case-fatality rates. I harvested data on dependent variables from daily WHO reports and information on the independent variables from official publications of major world organizations. I clustered the latter information under three rubrics—socio-demographic, risk behaviours, and economic and public health—and subjected the totality of the data to OLS regressions. Independent variables successfully explain much of the overall variance among OECD countries in the timing of the outbreak (R 2 =63.0%), in morbidity (R2=50.0%) and mortality (R2=41.5%). Immigration stock enhanced the outbreak of the pandemic in host countries; it did not, however, had a significant effect neither on morbidity nor on mortality rates. Country economic status and healthcare services are significant in moderating the health outcomes of coronavirus infection. Nevertheless, the paramount determinants for restraining contagion and mortality are governmental measures. I speculate that this may reshape the equilibrium between push and pull factors hence, the international migration system in near future.

Diaspora Network of ASEAN-5: Centrality Analysis and Implication for Diaspora Engagement

Author(s): Kuk Fai Fok,Ming Yu Cheng,Hoi Piew Tan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The highly skilled diasporas (HSDs) are increasingly recognised as important development resources stored abroad for the home countries. This motivated many countries to implement diaspora engagement initiatives to transfer the skills, knowledge and financial remittances of their HSDs. However, there is lack of systematic approach to understand how to tap the economic resources associated with these HSDs. Using a novel approach based on the centrality metrics of Social Network Analysis (SNA), this study assessed the capabilities of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand (ASEAN-5) to engage their HSDs from the perspective of Global Diaspora Network (GDN). The findings reveal that Thailand and the Philippines could optimise their strong connectivity in GDN to channel overseas economic opportunities from heterogeneous destinations. However, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore should implement a more targeted diaspora engagement strategy which focuses on a smaller number of well-connected destination countries, in order to overcome their weak connectivity in GDN. The difference in the network advantages suggests that ASEAN-5 should complement each other by establishing a collaborative platform to pool the expertise and transnational networks of their HSDs for national and regional development.

Notion of Belonging in the Nation-State: Gendered Construction of International Migration Aspirations among University Students in Bangladesh

Author(s): Humayun Kabir / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Migration is not a new phenomenon, yet migration aspirations need to be studied carefully. This research looks into the gendered constructions of migration aspirations among university students. Bangladesh as a nation-state plays a pivotal role to construct gender specific migration propensities. Prevailing gender relations influence migration dynamics at macro, meso and micro-level. Consequently, girls have often different reasons for migration aspirations than their counterparts. This study finds that young men aspire to go abroad for better employment opportunities and standard livelihood, while young women tend to do so for personal security and secured life. Mostly, informants are found dissatisfied and frustrated about the state and fellow citizens.

Peaks and Pitfalls of Multilevel Policy Coordination: Analyzing the South American Conference on Migration

Author(s): Victoria Finn,Cristián Doña-Reveco / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Regional Consultative Processes (RCPs) have become a central component of migration governance; these are the loci of interstate migration policy discussions. Currently 15 RCPs meet worldwide in every region, except the Caribbean, to form non-binding agreements and to coordinate migration policy approaches. Building on previous reports, migration governance literature, and existent thematic analyses specific to the region, we evaluate RCPs’ multilevel migration policy coordination by comparing national laws to regional topics and accords. We compare two decades of national legislation in all 12 South American countries to regional discussion at the South American Conference on Migration (SACM) since its first annual meeting in 2000. We find synergies and discrepancies between translating regional migration governance strategies from the RCP into national-level migration management. The SACM has reinforced the member states’ focus on regional integration and provided a space for dialog to agree on approaches and best practices. Yet, countries have not uniformly incorporated these into national legislation. Our multilevel analysis reveals the complexities that RCPs face in overcoming regional-national discrepancies in immigration policy coordination.

Local Integration Policy towards Persons under International Protection in Berlin. Innovations after 2015+

Author(s): Natalia Szulc,Klaudia Gołębiowska / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2020

In this article we analyse innovative integration programmes functioningin Berlin after 2015 for persons living under international protection. We focus onsocio-spatial initiatives. Our main hypothesis is that the only effective way to integrateis to live in one’s neighbourhood. Therefore, we present programmes such as BENNor Berlin Mondiale.Our work also reaches out to educational innovations, such as coding schools forinternational protection beneficiaries. They confirm our hypothesis that effectiveintegration requires cooperation of government and NGOs with the private sector. Weidentify voluntary participation of persons under international protection and co-creatingthe image of integration programs. The article is informative and may serve as a basisfor further analyses of local integration at city and neighborhoods level.

Especially Vulnerable Categories in the Context of European Migration and Asylum: Theoretical Regulatory Challenges

Author(s): Encarnación La Spina / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2021

While vulnerability and migration are boundary concepts, they have been employed as if they were somewhat neutral and univocal. Based on the umbrella theory of the vulnerability turn, the specialist doctrine has focused its critical analyses on the legal-political dimensions of the different vulnerable subjects and groups. However, migrant vulnerability has a unique impact on the regulatory field of asylum, especially given its ambiguity and lack of legislative harmonisation across EU Member States. A review of the mechanisms for identifying and protecting migrant vulnerability can provide regulatory evidence regarding the different phases of the Common European Asylum System, which in turn can lead to proposals for its reform. This study will analyse the complex and questionable use of the category of ‘vulnerable migrant’ in the main international instruments of legal protection when applied to asylum seekers. It will then present a critical comparative analysis of the national and EU asylum framework.

W Polsce jest komu pomagać. Jak mądrze wspierać uchodźców?

Author(s): Ula Idzikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 797/2021

Listopad 2021

Author(s): Janusz Poniewierski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 798/2021

Review of the book: Distant Love. Models of living in the global era by Ulrich Beck and Elisabeth Beck-Gernsheim. Cambridge 2014, 220 pp.

Author(s): Sabina Lucyna Zalewska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Migracje ludności wiejskiej w Polsce – przeszłość i teraźniejszość

Author(s): Kamil Kuśmider / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2019

Migration is an integral part of human history. International migrations are one of the most important social phenomena in the modern world and in Poland. Their trends and reasons, shaping up in time, are the fundation for conducting research into this process. The scale of the departures also makes the problem increasingly significant for social researchers. The article presents the essence of contemporary migrations of Poles from the countryside and most of all, it shows readiness of young people to move abroad. It shows the scope of migration and the main features of contemporary Polish migration. It was developed based on the result of research, which was conducted among high school students who had been demonstrating readiness to migrate.

Loneliness Among Migrants in Italy: Risks and Protectors

Author(s): Eralba Cela,Elisa Barbiano Di Belgiojoso / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

In this study we focused on migrants’ loneliness, in order to unpack risks for, and protective factors against, loneliness among migrants in Italy. Our data come from the ‘Social Condition and Integration among Foreign Citizens’ survey conducted by ISTAT during 2011–2012 on a sample of 25,000 individuals living in a household with at least one foreign-born member. Our results show that economic resources and employment protect from loneliness feelings, whereas education does not. Family and social embeddedness and satisfaction with life are protective factors, whereas discrimination, language barriers, deprived neighbourhoods and poor health are associated with a higher risk of loneliness. Gender is a key lens to consider when analysing loneliness especially in relation to fragile populations like those with a migratory background.

Indian Migrants in Brunei: The Role of Social Networks

Author(s): Hajah Masliyana Binti Haji Nayan,Akm Ahsan Ullah / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Indian immigrants have emerged as a dominant community in Brunei nowadays. Since the colonial period, there has been an influx of Indian migrants to Brunei. This research investigates the social networks that Indians used to get to Brunei. Evidently, there has been little research on these group of people in Brunei. This study employs a sample of 17 low, semi, and unskilled Indian migrants chosen on snow-ball basis. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. According to the findings of this study, social networks played a significant role in making the decision to migrate over to Brunei. We found that chain migration mechanism has been active in the India-Brunei migration domain since long. As a risk diversification approach, migration networks act as a web of interpersonal connections that connect migrants, former migrants, and non-migrants in their origin and destination countries via relationships of kinship, friendship, and common community origin.

The Place of the Dead in the Mediterranean. A Sicilian Experience

Author(s): Carolina Kobelinsky,Filippo Furri,Camille Noûs / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Death during the journey to Europe is both a spectre hanging over border crossers and a concrete reality. It is also a very present issue within the society that finds itself forced to deal with these inert bodies. Drawing on a field study has been conducted since January 2018, we focus here on how the bodies found at sea and taken to the port of Catania (Sicily) are managed, exploring both their itinerary and how a small group of people from the city has become involved in a project to give them a name and a biography.

Yaşlı Mültecilerin Gündelik Yaşam Deneyimleri: İzmir Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Cansu Taşcı,Fatih Kahraman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2021

Since the 1980s, Turkey has become the target country of forced immigrants who are looking for a place to take shelter as a result of increasing tensions and conflicts in neighboring countries. Millions of people immigrated to Turkey individually or collectively because of the conflict, violence and persecution in their place of residence. The last major mass migration occurred in 2011 as a result of the civil war in Syria. Millions of Syrians, who have no security of life in their country and are seeking asylum, have migrated to Turkey. 3.7 million Syrians have been residing in Turkey for more than 10 years. The subject of this article is the daily lives of elderly Syrian refugees who migrated to Turkey as a result of the civil war in Syria. In the article, the daily lives of the elderly refugees in Turkey, which they rebuilt, are handled with a holistic approach, and the difficulties they encounter in their daily lives and the strategies they develop to overcome these difficulties are examined. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 elderly Syrian refugees in Izmir. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive analysis method.

Hungary as a Norm Entrepreneur in Migration Policy

Author(s): Veronika Czina / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2021

This paper analyses Hungary as a small state within the EU and the policy it applied during the refugee crisis of 2015/2016 that changed the landscape both on the European and Hungarian level. During the crisis, Hungary acted as a small, interest-maximizing Member State constrained by domestic political interests and it did not only refuse to participate in common European policy proposals to solve the crisis, but it also engaged in unilateral actions perceived as solutions, such as erecting a border wall on the Southern border of Hungary. This paper examines how Hungary acted during the refugee crisis with the help of small state theories. Presenting the events, legislative changes and discourses surrounding migration policy in the past years will show that Hungary managed to take advantage of the refugee crisis by acting as a norm entrepreneur which gave the Prime Minister the opportunity to articulate his own views and convictions about the right way to solve the crisis and also about the future of the EU as a whole. Many EU Member States joined Hungary in its migration strategy and so it became the leading country of the anti-immigration block in Europe.