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Rozwój rynku sztuki jako przykład inwestycji alternatywnych

Author(s): Joanna Cichorska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The modern market offers a very rich and varied offer of investment. Among its instruments there is also an alternative form of capital investment, and one of them is the art market. Initially addressed to the wealthiest social groups, it (the art market) was of a collectible nature of the market. However, nowadays it also more often reaches portfolios of the less affluent investors, offering not only the purchase of works of art at auction or in galleries, but also investments in special investment funds. Purchase of art evolve from typical collector’s thing into the part of the assets of the owner, from which he expects a sufficiently high rate of return.

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Bank na rynku kapitału wysokiego ryzyka. Postulaty aktywnego uczestnictwa

Author(s): Janusz Cichy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The leading role of a bank as a primary financing institution of the enterprises’ needs is not to undermine. Banks, fulfilling the lender function and an intermediary on financial market, support entrepreneurs in financing their business initiatives. However, the problem faced by entrepreneurs is, on the one hand, raising capital to start up their own business, and on the other the implementation of innovative projects that carry a high risk. Venture capital/private equity, business angels or seed funds, creating a high-risk capital market try to meet such needs.Banks undertake the activity on this market only to a limited extent. This is due to cautious lending policy adopted, difficulties in assessing risk, lack of security or lack of confidence to the new or innovative entrepreneurs. However, to ensure the development of entrepreneurship, and along with it the economic growth of a country, they should not limit in their activities to crediting or organizing capital. They themselves should be more active by creating and managing high-risk funds. It is a legitimate postulate, considering the financial possibilities of the largest banks in Poland and their developed investment banking departments, condusive an intellectual capital and organizational possibilities.The aim of the study is to present the legal and economic determinants of banks’ activities on the high-risk capital market and the evaluation of their activities on this market. The paper also aims to show the high-risk capital market as an area with great development potential for the activities carried out in the field of investment banking services in major domestic commercial banks.

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Panika klientów banków a instrumenty szokowe dezaktywacji

Author(s): Pawel Dec,Piotr Masiukiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This paper concerns the problem of the occurrence of panic clients in banks in the world. This phenomenon was by far the recent financial crisis intensified, hence it is advisable to try to analyse this topic. Problem management in banks and panic in the financial markets is an extremely complex issue that requires both theoretical and practical approach. The authors have attempted to characterize the phenomenon of panic as the socio-economic development. In the article there were analysed behavioural aspects of panic and instruments of its deactivation. In addition, some examples of a run on money in Europe was presented. The study showed not only the complexity of the problem, but also the effectiveness and reliability of certain instruments limiting or even eliminating panic in the market.

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PKB na mieszkańca jako czynnik wpływający na korzystanie z ofert lokacyjnych i pożyczkowych rynku alternatywnych usług finansowych

Author(s): Bożena Frączek,Krystyna Mitręga-Niestrój / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The article discusses the problem of the alternative financial services market functioning. This type of financial services is offered outside the regulated and supervised financial system. The aim of the article is a preliminary recognition and systematization of the most important factors influencing the decisions taken by individual financial consumers regarding the products and services of the alternative market. The article also aims to conduct the comparative analysis with regard to the use of the basic alternative financial services in countries with different levels of economic developments. The attempt made in the article of detecting appearing regularities on the market of basic alternative financial services in relation to the GDP per capita shows that the analysis in not giving explicit results and further research is required

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ETF w warunkach polskich

Author(s): Urszula Gierałtowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The purpose of this article is to characterize ETFs on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and assessment of their efficiency. ETFs market inPolandis at a very early stage of their development. ETF is a new financial instrument, which was introduced in September 2010. Currently there are three ETFs: ETF WIG20, ETF DAX and ETF S&P500. The basic advantages of ETF are: high liquidity, simplicity and clarity of the instrument, low cost and small deviations from the benchmark. In the paper there is also shown the situation in the global ETFs market.

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Wzajemna konkurencyjność banków spółdzielczych i spółdzielczych kas oszczędnościowo-kredytowych na podstawie lokalizacji placówek

Author(s): Maria Magdalena Golec,Arkadiusz Kulig / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Cooperative Banks and Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions are the two categories of Polish credit cooperatives that offer similar financial services to the limited customer segment. The aim of the study was to examine the degree of competitiveness of the cooperatives based on the location of the outlets of these institutions. The research proved that the scope of the competitiveness of the Cooperative Banks and Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions depends on the size of the towns, in which the outlets are located. In villages and small towns dominate Cooperative Banks. In medium-sized cities we noted the overlapping distribution network with a predominance of the Cooperative Banking institutions. The Credit Unions compete with the Cooperative Banks directly in the larger cities

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Znaczenie inwestorów instytucjonalnych w finansjalizacji strefy euro

Author(s): Piotr Karaś,Igor Kravchuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The term “institutional investor” is not unequivocal. However, the semantic differences occurring in the legal acts and literature do not mean that this group cannot be a subject of scientific research. The analysis of the financial depth of the Eurozone economy and cluster analysis based on indicators of the financial structure of individual countries of the euro area show an increasing financialization, the process in which institutional investors play an important role.

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Ryzyko regulacyjne w koncepcji Risk-based Regulation (RbR)

Author(s): Stanisław Kasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The purpose of this paper is to present the role of regulatory risk in the concept of Risk-based Regulation. It has gained a dominant position in the processes of development and implementation of public sector regulation, and it has been a subject of interest in the financial industry. The main method used in the study is a critical analysis of scientific achievements of economists in England. They have created the foundations of this idea and continued its development. The paper underlines one of the weakest elements of this concept - the risk measurement using qualitative methods, in relation to the current achievements of finance theory. There are no rules for selecting experts, nor deeper justification of adequacy of risk measurement presented in line with the definition of regulatory risk. Also, there are no general requirements formulated for the following risk characteristics: reliability, comparability, clearness and others. Despite these reservations related to the risk measurement, this concept is useful for the national legislative practice and it gives the chance to improve the quality of this process.

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Inwestycje w złoto jako zabezpieczenie przed inflacją w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Kasprzak-Czelej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This study analyzes the question whether direct gold investments provide the ability of hedging against inflation in Poland. Using monthly data on the price of gold and selected inflation measures during the period January 2007 – April 2015 the cointegration tests and the cross-correlations were conducted. The results suggest that investments in gold has not served as a hedge against fluctuations in the internal purchasing power of the Polish zloty.

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Między mitem eksperta a nadmierną pewnością siebie – o decyzjach finansowych w warunkach naturalnego eksperymentu

Author(s): Mariusz Kicia / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

In consequence of the 2014 reform of the Polish pension system, Poles were faced with a necessity of declaration regarding the way they wanted to continue saving for retirement. Although the conditions of this natural experiment were considered controversial, from the scientific point of view it was interesting to analyse how decisions were made. The article presents the results of an analysis of factors that influenced following expert’s opinions or self-reliance in that case. Based on the results of the survey provided in February 2014 among the employees of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University it was proved that those who voluntarily saved for retirement were most likely to follow experts in making their choice but declared high self-assessment of one’s knowledge on financial market, calculation of one’s pension needs and declared positive vision of one’s retirement were more often connected with self-reliance of decision. These mechanisms seem to confirm overconfidence and the Duning-Kruger effect.

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Tendencje rozwojowe na rynku alternatywnych instrumentów finansowych

Author(s): Monika Klimontowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Alternative finance is one of the fast-growing areas of the financial services sector. Until very recently, the value of transactions on this market has grown six times. At the same time, the number of total ventures founded by alternative finance instruments and the number of active funders has increased remarkably. Tendencies of alternative finance market’s development allow to assume that in the nearest future the traditional finance institutions will have to rethink their market policy and take into account alternative finance instruments as a strong competition for their offer. As with any new sector, alternative finance also brings new risks. The paper presents the alternative finance taxonomy, tendencies of the alternative finance market and factors that will influence its further development.

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Problem legalności decyzji antykryzysowych Europejskiego Banku Centralnego z przepisami Traktatu o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Tomasz Knepka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

In recent years, the European Central Bank has conducted – in response to the financial crisis – monetary policy with the aid of some non-standard instruments. In connection with the anti-crisis operation of the EU’s Central Bank there appeared some voices speaking out against it in Europe. As a consequence of the ECB's commitment to the fight against the financial crisis, a group of German politicians appealed to the Federal Constitutional Court to examine the compliance of the German stabilization laws with the constitution. During the proceedings, the FCC put the preliminary questions in terms of the compliance of the ECB's actions with the Treaty.

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Skuteczność ograniczenia wypłaty dywidendy banków jako instrumentu polityki nadzorczej w Polsce

Author(s): Jan Koleśnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

This article makes a critical analysis of Polish restrictions on the payment of dividends against the Community solutions, including the effectiveness of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority recommendations addressed to Polish banks in terms of the expected dividend policy. According to the author, there are significant discrepancies between the Polish and the EU regulations in this field. They are systemic in nature since the Community rules based on a clear algorithm and the Polish ones are more discretionary. The author emphasizes, however, that despite the identified discrepancies, the Polish Financial Supervision Authority recommendation addressed to the Polish banks in terms of the expected dividend policy for the years 2011–2014 was effective and allowed the banks to strengthen their capital base, thereby improving their ability to absorb potential losses.

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Attempting to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Commercial Banks Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Author(s): Adam Kopiński,Dariusz Porębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The paper presents commercial banks and their important social role. In another part, the author tried to study the efficiency of commercial banks using the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Data was gathered from developing and well-known commercial banks. Research was conducted on data from the years 2012–2014. The analysis was based on the following CCR model focused on input value.

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Dywidendy na świecie na początku XXI w.

Author(s): Mieczysław Kowerski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

Since the beginning of the 21st century there has been a significant increase in the value of the dividend payments in the world. In 2012, their value exceeded $ 1 trillion and in 2014 it has already been $ 1,167 trillion. In the article, after a short presentation of the payment policy changes on the developed capital markets in the 20th century, details changes in the value of dividends in the world in the years 2009–2014 were presented. The analysis is also carried in terms of the major regions and markets around the world.

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Impact investment – istota i otoczenie rynku

Author(s): Wojciech Krawiec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The purpose of the hereby article is to discuss the essence of impact investment as one of the Socially Responsible Investment strategies and situating her in investment strategies. Moreover, the characteristics of impact investment market environment will be presented. In accordance with the definitions adopted in the subject literature, impact investment represents the form of investment made with the intention to exert influence on measurable changes of social and environmental nature, along with generating financial return, about the results of which the investors (sources of impact capital) should be informed by such investments managers. Impact investment market environment consists of e.g. beneficiaries of social and environmental changes, entities implementing particular tasks within the framework of impact investment, investors, channels of impact capital and forms of finance. Market environment is also made up of e.g. specialized agencies the task of which is both developing and measuring the specific measures of the created changes.

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Zarządzanie ryzykiem braku zgodności w banku – pomiar czy monitorowanie?

Author(s): Ewa Łosiewicz-Dniestrzańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The non-compliance risk belongs to the group of risks which are difficult to measure and can not be completely eliminated from the bank’s operations, thus it remains a need for acceptance of its allowable level. Therefore, in the process of compliance risk management the solution is the development of a risk map with an acceptable reference level of acceptable risk, and the quantitative indicators are used for comparison. The article highlights the problem of measuring the risk of non-compliance in the bank and draws attention to the monitoring of the risk management process.

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Zjawisko krótkookresowości na rynku kapitałowym – motywy i implikacje

Author(s): Agnieszka Majewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The main goal of the article is to focus an attention on the activities leading to the excessive investors’ concentration on the short-term benefits and on the evaluation of such activities in the next step. Such practices are particularly visible in the case of public companies and investments on the capital market. The factors that contributed to short-termism are described on the base of the literature review. They are as follow: reduced trading times, increasing role of institutional investors and shortened CEOs tenure. A number of studies shows that should be a balance between short-, medium- and long-term goals

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Wykorzystanie teorii cyklu życia produktu do szacowania wartości kart zawodniczych wybranych polskich piłkarzy

Author(s): Sebastian Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The economists’ recognition that sport is a commercial field of business caused the necessity of treating main elements of a sport event as the commercial product. The football match as an event became a place of trading of entertainment services, which are the better the more brands (famous footballers) participate in these events. Thus spectators are not the clubs fans but they are clients buying a service, in eyes of economists. The Sloane’s approach to football treating football clubs as enterprises and professional football as the industry is adjusted to the proposition of using the product life cycle theory in the analysis of changes in football players’ performance rights.The main goal of an article is to prove that theory of product life cycle could be successfully used in analysis and diagnosis of the market value of footballers. Therefore, there is the hypothesis raised – the compilation of different analytical functions helps in diagnosis of the life cycle of the professional football player. The data of market values of chosen Polish national team players are taken from the web page www.transfermarkt.de.

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Kredyty i pożyczki jako źródło finansowania działalności gospodarczej spółek pracowniczych

Author(s): Agnieszka Matuszewska-Pierzynka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The main objective of the paper is to recognize the level of use of credits and loans as the source of financing for business activity of employee-owned companies. The formulated research hypothesis states that the majority of employee-owned companies financed business activity from credits and loans to a small extent. The empirical investigation of the constructed hypothesis has been carried out among 17 employee-owned companies in the Mazowieckie Province, which concluded privatisation agreements with the State Treasury in the years 2000–2002 on the basis of their financial statements. The empirical research proved that employee-owned companies had financed their business activities from credits and loans to the small extent.

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