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Paying attention to customer satisfaction is a measure that denotes managerial and organizational flexibility. The most valuable feedback on the quality of services or products distributed on the market can be provided by customers. This research has analyzed whether there is a correlation between customer satisfaction and turnover as a result of implementing feed-back received from clients, an expression of manifestation of managerial flexibility. The conclusion is that the turnover level remains the best indicator of customer satisfaction, and the rapid adaptation of the organization to customer requirements has a positive effect on both sides.
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In a world increasingly affected by the phenomena of fraud and corruption, ethics has become a very important element in contemporary society. A series of financial scandals, such as Enron's case, have highlighted ethical deficiencies. In ensuring a stability climate at national level, the supreme audit institutions, as "public financial guards", play an extremely important role. Considering the importance of these institutions in the architectural structure of a rule of law, this article proposes to analyze the elements of ethics identified at the level of the Romanian Court of Accounts, as well as at several supreme audit institutions members of INTOSAI (International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions). It also analyzed the relationship between ethics, independence, transparency and quality control as elements of international auditing standards for the public sector, being also realized a pyramidal hierarchy of the most important criteria of professional ethics in external public audit. This pyramid is based on the main analysis of the ethics tool in the Supreme Audit Institutions, namely the ISSAI 30 INTOSAI Code of Ethics, taking also into account other elements provided in the codes of ethics and professional conduct of other supreme audit institutions. All these aspects are analyzed in the context of the phenomena of fraud and corruption, which have become a real challenge for contemporary society.
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Due to the rapid development of NICT, our private and professional lives have fundamentally changed. By using mobile computing devices and computer networks, people have the ability to access information in real time, share information with colleagues, anytime, and anywhere. Thus, the use of NICT and technology dependence have led to the development of work-related stress called "techno-stress". This paper explores the phenomenon called "techno-stress" and analyzes the factors that cause stress by using NICT, the positive and negative aspects related to workplace stress, the NICT effects on end users, and possible measures to prevent it. The need for this study stems from the fact that technology will continue to advance, organizations will continually introduce new technologies to keep pace with market competition and employees can not avoid increasing their daily interactions with NICT. It is therefore recommended that the management of the modern organization and NICT professionals provide a better environment and adequate training programs.
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This paper aims mainly to use efficiently the algorithmic diagram of linear-branched programmed learning of the breaststroke swimming style in the physical education and sport subject for the first-year students at higher education of other profiles. Methods of research used: bibliographic study of specialty literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, method of tests, method of linear and branching programmed instruction, statistical-mathematical method and graphical representation method. This scientific approach entailed the organization of an experimental study at „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest during the academic year 2015-2016. The subjects of the research were 27 students of first-year who choose to learn the breaststroke swimming style at physical education and sport subject (13 from the Faculty of Dental Medicine and 14 from General Medicine). The classes focused on improving the muscle strength in the control tests by means of exercises for arms, legs and abdominal muscle strength. These exercises were used in each class during the off-water training of the students. Preparatory, aiding and control exercises were used during the on-water training, for learning and improving the breaststroke swimming style. The results of the study reveal the level of arms, legs and abdominal strength in girls and boys as well, their attendance at classes, participation in sports activities and the final grade. The effective use of the preparatory, aiding and control exercises within the algorithmic diagram for learning the breaststroke swimming style at physical education and sport subject for first-year students contributed to the improvement of technique and the successful participation in competitions.
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The given work substantiates the idea, that the age of adolescence is characterized by emotional instability, weak stress resistance, personal immaturity, combined with the desire to be accepted by the others, the fact very often causing deviant and later on addictive forms of behavior. Taking into consideration the connection between the adolescent stress resistance and their inclination to addictive behavior we worked out and tested the program aimed at lowering the dependence index through the raise of stress resistance level in adolescents. The analysis of the data received showed that the majority of adolescents aged 13-15 demonstrate low level of stress resistance (62.2%). Girls are less stress resistant than boys (74, 4 % and 52, 7% respectively). The results of the method on revealing the dependence inclination showed that the most problematic are the 14 year old adolescents. Their index of food, alcohol, tv and computer dependence is the higher. Compared with girls, boys demonstrate greater behavioral dependences both on medium and high levels. The statistical analysis confirmed the connection between adolescent stress resistance and their inclination to addictive behavior. That made possible to work out and test the program (its principles and essence are stated in brief in the article) aimed at the raise of stress resistance level thus lowering the inclination to addictive behavior. The comparative analysis of the data received in the test and experimental groups before and after the program confirmed our assumption about the connection between two mentioned above variables and the efficiency of the intervention worked out by us and aimed at the lowering the level of the addictive behavior.
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The paper focuses on a rather controversial topic related to both the poverty and the labour market, referring to the common indicator: in-work poverty. This paper represents a picture of the situation of people who, despite having a job, thicken the ranks of the poor. These groups have high poverty incidence, and they must be targeted through the action plans, especially at national level, for increasing their quality of life - a major objective of national and international strategies. These people must be the subject of employment policies, so that their employment income won’t place them below the poverty line. At the same time, they must also be the subject of poverty alleviation strategies, as if their income is reduced, then they will surely be under the poverty threshold and will constitute a target group of social protection policies. Many young people are facing high poverty rates, and, moreover, if the household have children or inactive people, they faced high poverty and they constitute a more vulnerable target group. All indicators are analyzed in dynamics for 33 countries of the panel, which reports to Eurostat common indicators on poverty and social inclusion. This feedback, by analyzing poverty and in-work poverty indicators, should be an alarm signal for decision-makers, because it emphasizes that having a job is not necessarily a unique and safe protection against poverty.
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The development of the child protection system is part of the strategic policies of the Romanian Government and takes into account the financing of services and of complementary activities, as well as of the specific social services at the level of national and local authorities through involving the entire society.The aim of the present paper is to present the system of social protection for children at the regional level in Bihor county by looking at its development in the period between the years 2010-2016 and also by looking at the specific characteristics which deal with the wide range of the provided social services, as well as the resources allocated for such services. The paper also discusses the social effects of the social protection system and the possibilities of improving the effectiveness of its financing.
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This study justifies the need for building a system for research, identification and monitoring of the needs of vocational training in compliance to the constantly changing needs of the labour market. When considered in a narrower sense this problem justifies and proves the need for this activity related to social work and social workers. A method for determining the need for continuing vocational training of specialists in social work is developed and an experimental model for its implementation is offered.
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The purpose of this research work is to emphasis the emotional challenges of a parent caring for a type 1 diabetes mellitus child. We used different research methods such as: biographic study, observation, case study. The interview was taken to a parent, a 37 years old mother of a girl who was diagnosed 10 years ago. The parent is the primary caretaker of the child. She works in an economic field and she is representing of The Association Help for Diabetes from Bucharest. The interview was a structured one, and had four directions: everyday routine, social challenges, emotional challenges, other important aspects identify by the interviewee. The research work was conducted between August-October 2017 and the work reflected that the parent caring for a child with type 1 diabetes feels a lot of pressure in managing the medical treatment and her working day is influenced by the time table of the glycolic check and insulin administration. The emotional charge of the parent is related to the future of the child, child’s responsible towards her treatment administration and social acceptance. The interviewee needs are related to limited medical information about paediatric diabetes, the role of the telemedicine, and the lack of support from the public health system.
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All the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe have their cross-border communities. The Vlachs constitute a specific ethnic group: they can be considered the most abandoned Romanian community across the country's border, which is in great need of help. In Serbia, where most of them live, during the approximately 200 years of Serbian-Yugoslav-Serbian statehood, they were exposed to a strong policy of assimilation. Their situation did not improve either in the last decade of the 20th century, they have no institutions (school, church). Only 4 of the 23 members of the existing Vlach National Council represent the pro-Romanian option, the rest are pro-Serbian. The Vlachs have had no real representation of their community interests for the last hundred years. There is one party, the Democratic Party of Rumanians in Serbia (in Serbian Vlašca Demokratska Stranka), of which leaders of Vlach NGOs claim does not represent them. Traian Băsescu, the president of Romania, promised during his visit to Timoc Vally, in 2011 that they would financially support the establishment of kindergartens and weekend schools in Romanian. A year passed and they still haven't received any help.
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Calendars of events are extremely useful in the field of tourism; such volumes are published more and more often. Related to them, some questions can be formulated: How important is the calendar for a community? How representative and how comprehensive can they be? Does it contain accurate and up-to-date data? How useful is it? The calendar of Hungarian events in Transylvania is an important publication for many. The analysis shows that DAHR (UDMR) as well as its county, local, women's and youth organizations organize many events. Most, almost two-thirds of the events, are organized by local NGOs. The analysis shows that in communities where the local weight of Hungarians is small, in so-called ethnospora situations, most events are organized by the NGOs. From a territorial point of view, there are significant differences, some counties have many events, others only a few. The approx. 50% of the events are cultural or predominantly cultural. Scientific conferences organized by universities hardly fit into the calendar. Finally, we know the number of events presented by the calendar, this in itself is neither many nor few. The fact is that a lot of organizations do not send their event dates to the call, probably about half of the realistic number of events that are included in the calendar.
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What is the role of national minorities in interstate relations? How do different ex-communist countries relate to their ethnicities living outside the country's borders? Questions can be formulated in this context - in the present text we have analyzed the case of the Hungarians, more precisely the Hungarians from Romania. Communist Hungary completely neglected Hungarian communities in Central and Eastern European countries, according to the decision of the Hungarian leader János Kádár. The change in Hungarian politics has a starting point, namely the essay of the famous writer Gyula Illyés, published in the newspaper Magyar Nemzet, in the Christmas and New Year issues of 1977/1978. The essay presented cases of major violations of the rights of Hungarians living in minority in neighboring countries, especially from Romania. The process of reconfiguring the policy aimed at Hungarians beyond the border led to the emergence, in 1987-88, of the first institutions regarding this policy. In comparison, in Bucharest, the first steps regarding Romanians everywhere were taken in 1995, with the establishment of a commission, the government institution being organized in 1998. Even if Hungarian politics has changed radically from the years of the Kádár era, the question remains: how could it give up national interests in favor of a declared, but never-true internationalism?
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In Central and Eastern Europe, state borders do not overlap with the borders between different ethnic communities: significant minority communities live on the territory of other, usually neighboring states. The policies of these states regarding ethnic communities outside the country differ considerably. Even at the conceptual level, a univocal approach was not reached. The Romanian strategy regarding Romanians everywhere identifies the problem but does not reach the formulation of public policies in this regard. The similar German institution is called Beauftragter der Bundesregierung für Aussiedlerfragen und nationale Minderheiten, so the repatriation of Germans and the issue of minorities are included in a common framework. In Poland the issue of Poles from neighboring countries does not seem to be an important issue, their policy is about the Polish diaspora. The present study presents the evolution of the Hungarian policy regarding the Hungarian communities beyond the country's borders: the conceptual approach and the institutional framework created in this regard.
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The change of regime and the creation of new neighboring states after 1990 marked the end of a long period. The questions of the (re)definition of "national states" and the problems related to the deep transformations in society came to the fore. Changes are also taking place in neighborhood policy. How is the relationship between Hungary and Romania, and what can the Hungarian community of almost 1.3 million people in Romania/Transylvania expect? How can citizens of Central and Eastern Europe live together in peace at the beginning of the 21st century; What are the chances of establishing normal neighborly relations? Among the many components of these relations, in the present study we deal with only one topic, the politics of memory. We bring arguments regarding our thesis: the last decades have not brought any changes regarding the memory policy in Romania. The so-called common space, the united Europe, exists only on a theoretical level, Romania's memory policy as an EU member state has remained as it was before accession.
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Elemér Jakabffy was a typical and well-known personality of Hungarianminority politics in Romania/Transylvania between the two world wars. Hemade important contributions both as a politician (as Vice-President of theHungarian National Party) and as a consistent supporter of the fi ght for theprotection of minorities, and, lastly, as the creator of a spiritual workshop on thetheoretical-scientifi c approach to minority problems. Jakabffy is characterizedby an interesting duality. While as a party leader he was not only familiar withbut also a participant in a politics characterized by ups and downs rather thansuccesses, as a researcher and publisher he succeeded in representing a veryparticular viewpoint. His social environment – i.e. the Banat with its multipleethnicities, its potential for modernization and the existing interculturality –and the infl uence of the political school he joined as a follower of István Tiszamade him sensitive and receptive to the ideas of liberalism. He wanted to treatthe minority situation as a legal problem and to fi nd a solution as such, havingno direct partners to join his attempt in Transylvania at that time.
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Minority politics can be considered a good one if it does not eliminate nationalcommunities but, on the contrary, it gives them a chance to endure. Any policy(national, state) that leads to the elimination of minorities or jeopardizestheir existence is unacceptable and must be rejected. Many questions can beformulated regarding the drastic numerical decrease of Germans in Romaniaand Central and Eastern Europe. Interestingly, the idea that a serious reason forthis phenomenon could be the offi cial minority policy of the states from whichGermanness disappeared or withdrew is not circulated at all. In the present study,we analyse the activity and works of Elemér Jakabffy regarding the Swabians andSaxons in Romania; we are looking for elements and causes evoked and analysedby him that led to the non-existence of real cooperation between TransylvanianHungarians and Germans in the interwar period, in a Romania where both ofthem were minority communities. Are the leaders of the German communityresponsible for the fact that after centuries of presence in Transylvania, theSaxons must be spoken of in the past tense? The current situation has beenreached despite the fact that today the importance of the Saxons. and Swabians’role in the modernization of local society is being recognized more and more.It must be admitted that the political-social elite of the two groups of Germansmade erroneous interpretations and wrong decisions regarding their future; forvarious reasons, they were not able to interpret social processes correctly, andthus this elite is also responsible for and has contributed to the current situation.
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The question arises: is it necessary to analyse, once more, the personality andwork of Elemér Jakabffy, lawyer, public fi gure, leader of his community, deputy,social scientist, editor and patron of the periodical Magyar Kisebbség, a journalwith versions in Romanian, German, and French, known throughout Europe– does his immense activity, therefore, call for a new analysis? My answer is:yes. This is the case not only because Jakabffy as a public fi gure carried outextremely responsible and extensive activities but also to get a clearer pictureof him, the man. Jakabffy’s political and social role has fascinated me for sometime: I see in him an outsider from within the system, a politician who does notdedicate himself to a party or a movement but who is rather the follower andpromoter of values, (often of public) ideas, duties that he had respected all hislife, never giving them up in any situation. Admirable consistency. Jakabffy’spublic involvement is not that of a politician, as he behaves more like an actorof the associative sphere and dedicates his life and activity to the service of thecommunity. It is an institution embedded in one person. When there were noinstitutions (yet) to deal with the challenges of minority status, he invented andestablished them. Thus, his perception of his role can be interpreted correctlyonly in a broader context, for which a general analysis of the concept of politicsand political activity is necessary, including an analysis of the (political andsocial) elite of the Hungarian community in Transylvania, from the interwarperiod.
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Evoking the scientist József Venczel is a serious challenge because, as aresearcher, he did mostly not what he was called to do based on his knowledgeand skills but what he was allowed or required to do in certain situations. Socialresearcher, university professor, public writer, he was a defi ning personalityof Transylvanian Hungarian sociology between the two world wars. He wasconcerned with the problem of land, the villages in Transylvania, demography,and the methodology of sociology. Only one volume was published duringhis lifetime: Az erdélyi román földbirtokreform [The Romanian Land Reformin Transylvania], published in Cluj in 1942. After the First World War, theRomanian parliament adopted several land reform laws: the law of Bessarabiaon 13 March 1920, the law for the old Kingdom on 17 July 1921, and the lawon the newly acquired territories (Transylvania, Banat, Crişana, Maramureş)on 30 July 1921. The question arises: did the land reform of 1945 pursueprimarily economic policies or did it have minority political objectives? Thefact that the land reform of each part of the country was regulated by separatelaws can be explained not only by the fact that the natural conditions ineach region were different and that there were also differences regarding thedistribution of lands but also – perhaps fi rst of all – by the fact that the nationalpolitical objectives of these land laws were different. Venczel showed that theRomanian decision makers of that time followed primarily national politicaldesires and not an economic or social necessity. When they drafted the lawregarding Transylvania, they aimed for a social reconfi guration to the detrimentof everything Hungarian, the wealth of churches, schools, the public wealthof villages, various humanitarian foundations.
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For the Hungarian community in Transylvania, Tibor Toró was synonymouswith the scientist. From Szeklerland, he came to the university in Timişoaraand graduated from the then recently established pedagogical institute. Aftergraduation, he was a teacher at the institute, which later became a university.Talented graduates with good results were hired regardless of nationality. In aninterview, he confessed: “In Timişoara, I was attracted by the problem of the atom.I realized that the secret of the stars is also hidden in nuclear physics and particlephysics.” He chose atomic physics at a university little known at the time. Torówalked his path alone, without a personal tutor, and reached the highest peaks ofphysics. His book on the neutrino (1969) in Romanian is of historical importancein physics: it describes a completely new fi eld of science at a time when synthesispapers did not exist. He was an exceptional teacher. Professor Toró pushed hisstudents forward: he gave impulses, drew attention to new interpretations, urgedyoung people to read. Tibor Toró was interested in all fi elds of culture. He had ahuge collection of Madách’s masterpiece, The Tragedy of Man: his collection wasclose to fi fty volumes in about 20 languages. Toró presents in a study dedicatedto Madách a historical prediction of his: Madách correctly intuited how thesun and other stars can be replaced as sources of energy. In other studies, Toródemonstrates that the poet Attila József, beyond being an original and extremelytalented poet, was a deep thinker. The poet correctly intuited the problem ofsymmetry and the violation of symmetry. In his essays, Toró demonstrates hisinterest in philosophy and interdisciplinarity. From the 1990s, his attentionturned primarily to János Bolyai. As a Bolyai researcher, he did everything forBolyai to have commemorative signs in Timişoara (commemorative plaque,statue, memorial room). It is the moral duty of the people of Timişoara today andtomorrow to keep Tibor Toró’s memory alive and evoke him with commemorative signs.
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