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UNIVERSUL ISTRATIAN – AUTOBIOGRAFIE SAU AUTOFICŢIUNE?

Author(s): Eliza-Maria Biţă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Starting from the premise that Panait Istrati’s work has mistakenly been assessed according to the critical trends of Romanticism, we shall prove that this modern writer deserves an analysis from the viewpoint of the century-turn avant-garde criticism and of New Criticism, putting aside the author’s biography while reading and focusing instead on the message of the text. Therefore, based on the literary theory of French narratologists P. Lejeune, P. Gasparini, S. Doubrovsky, and L. Jenny on autobiography and autofiction, we shall introduce and examine two examples of erroneous presentation of Istrati’s work as an autobiography but also pro-autobiographical and pro-autofictional arguments, as the author of an autobiography is at least superficial and due to the writer’s marginalization in Romanian literature and that such classification demands to be nuanced on the grounds of the new critical tendencies that emerged in the 19th and the 20th centuries in Western-European and North-American literary theory, according to which Istrati’s work (universe) appears to be a series of autobiographical novels resulting from a pacte romanesque with autobiographical hints. To support the new definition, we shall present and examine several analyses by modern French, British, and American narratologists and by ancient Greek philosophers as to why and how literature is written and interpreted, along with adequate quotations from Panait Istrati’s fictional work and truly autobiographical writings of the author. Hence, we shall see that Istrati’s work is not an autobiography but an engaged writing, whose purpose is political in order to influence the masses.

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EL CONCEPTO DE LA IDENTIDAD EN LA ARQUITECTURA DE ANTONI GAUDÍ

Author(s): Ewa Grajber / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Human groups during their existence constantly change. However, they preserve some fixed features that distinguish them from other human groups and that build their identity. In Catalonia, throughout the nineteenth century we can observe the process of awakening and strengthening the awareness of one’s identity that also is reflected in architecture. The collective identity is manifested in the works of Antoni Gaudí through physical, psychological and intellectual features. In his buildings we can see traces of great works of Catalan architecture and rural constructions influence. His architecture is a fertile field to apply traditional construction methods and decorative arts. It also preserve the ideals of the Renaixença movement represented with words and symbols that are an inseparable element of decoration. In addition, we can capture how Catalan way of living are reflected in the material form.

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"O QUE ARDE" DE OLIVER LAXE E O UNIVERSO POÉTICO DE UXÍO NOVONEYRA

Author(s): Natalia Szejko / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The objective of this article is to analyze the film "Fire Will Come" by Galician director Oliver Laxe, which was awarded "Un Certain Regard" Prize during Cannes Film Festival in 2019 and conduct comparative analysis with the poetry of Uxío Novoneyra. In both cases we would like to use the perspective of melancholy seen as part of the nature in which human being is immersed. One of the most important metaphors for Laxe and Novoneyra is the metaphor of fire and the process of burning seen as ancestral and auto-destructive ritual. We also propose to incorporate the analytical approach from Julia Kristeva's book "Black sun", dedicated to metaphorization of melancholy and depression. Finally, we also include comparison of Laxe´s movie with transcendental and slow cinema, depicting the inclination to convert cinema in art impregnated in human psycho.

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FERNÃO PERES DE TRAVA – O OUTRO NA FUNDAÇÃO DE PORTUGAL

Author(s): Anna Działak-Szubińska / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

According to twelfth-century annals, the first king of Portugal, Afonso I of Portugal (ca. 1109–1185) must have fought against a group of foreigners who would rule the country arm in arm with the king’s mother, Theresa of Portugal. The said foreigners are no more, no less the Portuguese noblemen, a group including also Fernão Peres de Trava (c. 1100–1155), an alleged lover of Alfons Henriques’s mother (vide Mattoso 2006: 69–71), a Middle Ages ill-reputed woman-villain, seen throughout the period as evil, haughty and adulterous. Thus, the fight against the alterity grows to become one of Portugal’s founding blocks. While Teresa’s image tends to be cleared from blame, finding a particular rehabilitation over the Iberian Union time (i.e. 1580–1640) (vide Franco 2000), count Trava’s sins rejoice scant if any absolution in the Portuguese chronicle writing. The present article aims at a diachronic recovery of the count’s image, and looks at how his image gets entangled with the image of Afonso Henriques’s mother in selected Portuguese narrative sources by the mid-seventeenth century, that is in the period which espouses most of the clearing of Teresa’s image and its political “functionalization”.

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RESIDUOS CORPORALES EN LA NOVELA "ULTIMES DÉCHETS" (2015) DE ITXARO BORDA

Author(s): Iratxe Retolaza Gutierrez / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In the novel Ultimes déchets, rural detective Amaia Ezpeldoi investigates a landfill case. This novel generates various discourses on generated on waste, which are intertwined in these three axes: waste management and environmentalism; garbage collection and the social model; the discourses that connect the imaginary of the garbage with the imaginary about the human. From that perspective, the novel deals with the otherness and / or the marginality that is generated by imaginaries about garbage and the residual. Neoliberal thinking puts some bodies out of humanity: it considers them useless, because they are not indispensable in time or space of production. Therefore, imaginaries about the residual function as expressions of the boundaries of the system, and in the social discourses the representations of people connected to the imaginary of the waste are becoming more common. Detective Amaia Ezpeldoi in this novel embodies the affection for those residues of human bodies, to question the thinking and limits of the current neo-liberal economic and political system.

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MINORIAS AFROIBÉRICAS NA LITERATURA MIGRANTE DA GUINÉ EQUATORIAL

Author(s): Susan A. De Oliveira / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The literature of Equatorial Guinea is known especially for the work of writers in exile in Spain, where they were able to exercise the freedom of expression, away from the repression and censorship installed by Equatorial Guinean dictatorial governments soon after the country ceased to be a Spanish colony in 1968. This literary re-foundation in exile is a condition that presents significant differences in relation to post-colonial African literatures since it is not directly affiliated to the discourse of nationalism, but rather constitutes itself as a “literature of the world” and as a “minority literature”, which are also characteristics of migrant literature. In this article I intend to discuss these issues, with special emphasis on how these matters appear in the work of Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel, an Equatorial Guinean writer exiled in Barcelona. Ávila Laurel writes in Spanish and reclaims through his writing his mother tongue, the Fa D’Ambô (a Portuguese-based Creole spoken in Annobón Island), from which the writer problematizes the process of colonial and national post-colonial marginalization of linguistics minorities in African-Iberian literature.

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A LA RECERCA DE L’HEROI PROLETARI CATALÀ

Author(s): Àlex Matas Pons / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This article analyzes "L’àngel de la segona mort" (1997), the first novel in the Julià de Jòdar’s trilogy "L’atzar i les ombres". The novel tells the story of the Guifré i Cervantes neighbourhood, a boundary located between the cities of Badalona and Barcelona, and a destination of several migratory movements during the 20th century. Specifically, this article examines the character and narrator Gabriel Caballero from the point of view of philosophy of history: analyzes how his journey and his narrative point of view recover the memory of the vanquished. This article explains what are the elements that characterize Julià de Jòdar’s historical poetics, focused on the story of a defeated neighbourhood, and how they are very different from the conventional narrative strategies used by historicism when making minority groups invisible which have been defeated by capitalism.

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LA VISIÓ DE LA DONA EN "QUIM/QUIMA" (1971) DE MARIA AURÈLIA CAPMANY

Author(s): Agnès Toda i Bonet / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This work analyzes, in particular, the vision of the woman that Maria Aurèlia Capmany offers to us through "Quim/Quima" (1971), a work based on "Orlando" (1928) by Virginia Woolf. The otherness and/or sexual identification of the protagonist becomes a key to understanding what it means to be a man or a woman over time, especially in this latter case. It seeks to project a different situation into which women are more aware of themselves and the man empathizes with them. The last resort is leaving a better world, a world socially uprighter. Therefore, although the book is born for young people in order to make them aware of the world in which they are and the future they represent, behind it we can find a biting historical and identity work, as well as a great intertextuality; and this aspects that should not be underestimated, on the contrary. Capmany entrusts youngers with all her literary talent.

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A DICOTOMÍA DA PERSONAXE DE READ EN PIRATA DE MARIA REIMÓNDEZ

Author(s): Attilio Castellucci / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The dichotomy of Read’s character in "Pirata" (2009) by Maria Reimóndez cuts across well-defined spaces within the categories of tangible and intangible. The character’s own body is experienced antinomically, depending on the perception Read has, at any given moment, of the projection of her own being to the outside. By changing the way she shows her own body to others, and therefore the way others see her, she changes, in a more or less conscious way, the degree of tangibility she can accept. The less conflictive the character’s relationship with her own body, depending on the different situations, the more she allows others to get close to her. By changing the perception that Read has of herself, she changes the way she shows herself to others, and this also changes the perception she herself has of others and her knowledge of the world. The other is perceived on the basis of how Read’s character feels that others see her, and depending on how she wants others to see her. If seeing implies being seen and touching implies being touched, when it is Mary who shows herself, physical space is forbidden and she does not passively accept any contact. When, instead, it is Mark who shows himself, physical contact is accepted, and he even looks for it in all its facets: camaraderie, love, and hand-to-hand combat.

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GORPUTZ GAIXOAK ETA ALTERITATE ESPAZIOAK

Author(s): Garbiñe Iztueta-Goizueta / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

This article aims at analyzing alterity, periphery and memory in the works of four writers of Basque and German literature: "Jenisjoplin" (2017) by Uxue Alberdi, "belzuria" (2014) by Ixiar Rozas, Familie der geflügelten Tiger (2016) by Paula Fürstenberg and "Das Fell" (2017) by Maren Wurster. All four young female writers belonging to the same generation, they create new spaces for reflection on alterity, periphery and memory through the representation of sick bodies. Focusing on the field of perceptions in their works, special emphasis will be placed on the literary representation of the senses of touch and hearing, in order to compare the embodiment of the numinosum when approaching the other. In the literarization of sick bodies by Alberdi, Rozas, Fürstenberg and Wurster, skin and voice stand out as key strategies for the approach to alterity and memory. In addition, as these authors stand for the post-generation of crucial events of the 20th-century Basque and German histories, the literary relationship of these authors with the memories of previous generations will be compared. Their contribution to the communicative, social and cultural memory of Basque political and social conflicts, as well as of past wars (Alberdi, Rozas) and of East Germany or German Democratic Republic (Fürstenberg, Wurster) will be confirmed.

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SICK BODIES AND SPACES OF ALTERITY

Author(s): Garbiñe Iztueta-Goizueta / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

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VOCES ENCARNADAS EN LA NOVELA "AULKI JOKOA" (2009) / "EL JUEGO DE LAS SILLAS" (2012) DE UXUE ALBERDI

Author(s): Amaia Serrano Mariezkurrena / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Uxue Alberdi’s novel "Aulki jokoa" (2009) / "El juego de las sillas" [Musical chairs] (2012) is composed of the discourse of three women narrators who construct their lives through their bodies and voices. This article will examine the novel’s most symbolic and narratological elements to determine how these three protagonists’ identities are constructed. The significance of this novel is found in two aspects of its contribution to Basque literature about the Spanish Civil War: on one hand, it is the first novel for adults that gives voice to women narrators; and on the other, bodies are overtly foregrounded in the context of the war. With childhood and old age as the main axes of their stories, these female characters narrate the most important passages of their lives through their bodies: the innocence and happiness of infancy becomes broken by the arrival of the Civil War, and from then on they become what has been called embodied bodies. The conflict intervenes in each character’s life, and each of the protagonists opts to respond according to their personal circumstances: going into their inner world and enriching it (Eulalia), becoming dead to the world for three years (Martiña) or joining the anti-Franco struggle (Teresa).

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“MY ENTIRE BODY IS A WOUND”

Author(s): Daria A. Eismann / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In Fernando Aramburu’s novel "Patria", pain is presented as twofold: an individual as well as a social emotion. As the former, it is shown in its intruding physicality, breaking individual boundaries and thus making them more palpable. But as a social emotion, the novel shows how pain enforces or breaks social relationships, how it “others” persons. The author also politicizes pain through the characterization of figures and the use of textual strategies: the pain caused during the Basque conflict becomes a question of power of narratives. At the same time, pain is a gendered phenomenon in the novel, focusing strongly on the pain of women and its use as a catalyst, submitting the pain of men to stereotypical limitations of their gender and its social expectations. That way, the novel becomes a political statement in itself – portraying the still experienced pains of a nation.

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“Ali šta će onda tom narodu tijelo bez duše?“: Afirmiranje bošnjačke i bosanskohercegovačke književnosti i bosanskog jezika u radu Alije Isakovića

Author(s): Sanjin Kodrić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the contribution of Alija Isaković to the affirmation of Bosniak and Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature and the Bosnian language and from the late 1960s and early 1970s onwards. By contextualisation in a wider cultural or social context and understanding the original material from this time, the paper shows that the affirmation of Bosniak and Bosnian-Herzegovinian and the Bosnian language and literature were inseparable processes for Isaković, the more so because it was easier to draw attention to the essential problems of the language on the basis of the literary practice than on the basis of questions of, for example, grammatical structure and other similar issues, which were too formal and narrow or oversimplified, even often deprived from the very essence in this context. Being one of the first authors with this approach, Isaković has given one of the fundamental contributions to the ending of the multi-century process of non-recognition and denial of Bosniak and Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature and the Bosnian language and thus became one of the central figures of contemporary both literary and linguistic Bosnian studies.

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AKADEMIK PROF. DR. BRANISLAV ĐURĐEV - PROFESOR I SARADNIK

Author(s): Lamija Hadžiosmanović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Nach Erinnerungen von Professorin Lamija Hadžiosmanović war Branislav Đurđev ein Mann von toleranten Ansichten und guten Absichten, ein ausgezeichneter Professor und zuvorkommender Mitarbeiter. Mit gutartiger Strenge korrigierte er die Fehler der jüngeren Kollegen, und freute sich auch unermeßlich über ihre Erfolge. Er betonte oft seine Liebe zu BosnienHerzegowina und den Menschen in diesem Land, bei aufrichtigem Verständnis für dessen Differenzen, die er auch pflegte. Er fühlte sich als Vojvodiner und Bosnier zur gleichen Zeit. Alle, die Gelegenheit hatten, Branislav Đurđev als Mitarbeiter in der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Künste Bosnien-Herzegowinas, als Professor an der Philosophischen Fakultät in Sarajevo und als Direktor des Orientalischen Instituts in Sarajevo kennen zu lernen, erinnern sich an ihn als an einen guten Menschen mit einem breiten Lächeln, einen vorzüglichen Pädagogen und großen Wissenschaftler.

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DOPRINOS BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA IZDAVAČKOJ DJELATNOSTI ORIJENTALNOG INSTITUTA U SARAJEVU

Author(s): Lejla Gazić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Neben den Verdiensten, die Akademiemitglied Branislav Đurđev für den Beginn der Tätigket des Orientalischen Instituts als selbständiger wissenschaftlicher Institution hatte, sowie seinen Verdiensten als fünfzehnjähriger Direktor des Instituts, hat er auch als Redakteur und aktiver Mitarbeiter der Editionen des Instituts einen unbestritten wertvollen Beitrag zu seiner Verlagstätigkeit geleistet. Als Chefredaktuer der ersten Ausgabe der Priloga za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom (Beiträge zur orientalischen Philologie und zur Geschichte der südslawischen Völker unter türkischer Herrschaft), die unmittelbar nach der Gründung des Instituts ins Leben gerufen wurden, sowie als Mitglied der Redaktion bis zur Ausgabe X-XI, hat Branislav Đurđev den Inhalt der Zeitschrift und jede einzelne Ausgabe aktiv mitgeprägt. Außerdem hat er auch selbständig die Arbeiten veröffentlicht, unter denen vor allem die dreiteilige Arbeit unter dem Titel “Defteri za crnogorski sandžak iz vremena Skender-bega Crnojevića” (Die Defters für den montenegrinischen Sandschak aus der Zeit des Skender-Beg Crnojević). Einen wertvollen Beitrag zur inhaltlichen Gestaltung der Zeitschrift des Instituts leistete Branislav Đurđev durch die Arbeiten, die sich mit der Frage des Kanons – der sultanischen Gesetze und Kanun-Name als kodifizierter Sammlungen der gesetzlichen Vorschriften aus dem Bereich der öffentlichen und administrativen Gesetzgebung beschäftigen. In diesem Sinne hat er auch bei der Begründung der Edition Monumenta Turcica Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium Illustrantia mitgewirkt, deren erstes Buch in der Reihe Zakonski spomenici (Gesetz-Denkmäler) gerade dieser Art von Dokumenten gewidmet war. Als Redaktionsmitglied wie auch als Übersetzer mehrerer Kanun-Name, hat Đurđev einen wertvollen Beitrag zur kritischen Eidtion und Übersetzung dieser Art von historischen Dokumenten geleistet. Seine langjährige Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet der os manischen Dokumente war von großem Nutzen für die Vorbereitung und Herausgabe der Katastervorschriften – der Defters, so dass er auch einer der Herausgeber des Buchs Krajište Isa-bega Ishakovića. Zbirni katastarski popis iz 1455.godine von Hazim Šabanović war, welches 1964 in derselben, Defteri genannten Reihe des Orientalischen Instituts, erschienen war. Am Ende sollten auch die Besprechungen, die Đurđev in den Beiträgen zur orientalischen Philologie veröffentlicht hat, nicht vergessen werden, da es sich nicht nur um informative sondern auch um kritische Rezensionen der Werke und Arbeiten handelt, die auf osmanischen Quellen beruhen.

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Home of All Fears—Poland. Metaphor of Poland As a Home In Dawid Kornaga’s Local Anaesthesia

Author(s): Michał Wolski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to philologically analyze Dawid Kornaga’s novel Local Anaesthesia (Znieczulenie miejscowe, 2008) from the perspective of using the metaphor of Poland as a home of all vampires and other creatures. Kornaga presents in his work 25 profiles of demonic characters (19 of them are vampires and 6 are other wraiths known from Slavic folklore), and all of them in different ways—involving irony, cynicism and humour—represents specific approach to thinking of Poland as a home, but also homeland, burden or duty. Construction of the novel is similar to silva rerum and allows great transparency of plot elements, time periods, relations between characters and their sentiments concerning their living place. It leads to the peculiar collage of attitude towards Poland, which is annotated with ironic narrative commentary and allows to recognize a group portrait of Poles, who are (in Kornaga’s novel) nothing less than a nation of vampires.

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Problém spojitosti a rozpojenosti slovanských literatur

Author(s): Ivo Pospíšil / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The present study contains the analysis of the famous contradiction between the Slavophile and anti-Slavophile conception of the Slavonic entity in general and the Slavonic literatures in particular. The author interprets various concepts going back to Pavel Josef Šafařík, Adam Mickiewicz, Josef Dobrovský, Alexander Pypin and Vladimir Spasovich, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Matija Murko, Jan Máchal, Jiří Horák, and Frank Wollman and his polemics with Polish slavists (Stanisław Kolbuszewski) in contrast with the new tendencies linked to the 20th-century modernist and avantgarde currents which complicated the relations of slavisms and antislavisms strenthened by the conflict between the area and linguistic/ethnic character of Slavonic literatures. In the course of the conflicting processes including the First and the Second World Wars, holocaust, intentional genocidal actions and the redrawing of the map of the world the Slavonic question, even the problem of the Slavonic literary coherence arose with an unexpected intensity. The waves of the interest and disinterest in the Slavonic coherence and incoherence continued after 1945 and even much later, after the big turn at the end of the 1980s (in German: „nach der Wende“). It cannot be excluded that this problem, even in its wider context, might become topical again, especially face to face with relatively new phenomena connected with the threat of the new, global wars of religions and civilizations.

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WOMEN IN LOVE AGAINST THE UNDERWORLD: “FEMALE SAVIOR” SCENARIO IN ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND TURKISH FOLKLORE NARRATIVES

Author(s): Evgeniia Lapina / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main idea of this work was to study gender representations in the English “Ballad of Tam Lin”, the Russian fairy tale “Finist the Bright Falcon” and the Turkish tale “Patience-Stone” through the analysis of language units with implicit gender semantics. These folklore narratives have important similarities featuring the female protagonist as the main plot driver and possessor of cultural wisdom. They follow the “female savior” scenario, depicting women as decisive and challenging the traditional role of a decorative victim.

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MYSTICAL KNOWLEDGE: ANTHROPOLOGY AND LANGUAGE

Author(s): Francisco Javier Sancho Fermín / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The mystical experience is not something reducible simply to the private experience sphere. The force of the Mystery that is revealed in the subject opens up to the need to understand and communicate that experience. This helps us to perceive the levels inherent to the mystical experience until it transforms into communication. And so, we speak of two ways of language linked to the mystical experience: written language, with its peculiarities and creative connotations, and anthropological language, communicable through the experienced transformation and the way of life of the subject.

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