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« Le Tableau » d'Eugène Ionesco : le mythe de la métamorphose, un seuil entre la vie et le rêve

Author(s): Maria-Luisa Țuculeanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our study focuses on the myth of transformation viewed in the play “The Painting” ("Le Tableau") as a passage from the imaginary universe to the real world. The title itself, strongly related to the artistic field, suggests from the very beginning the idea of imagination, oneirism, reality governed by an aesthetic ideal. Therefore, the huge canvas unrolled by the two characters Alice and the Painter can be seen as a symbolic window which separates two different worlds. For example, Alice, the ugly woman, transforms at the end of the play into a very beautiful woman wearing a crown. Thus, impossible things appear to be possible due to a magic wand, as it happens to be in fairy tales.

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Gérard de Nerval : au seuil du rêve

Author(s): Virgil Borcan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

By postulating in “Aurélia” the dream as a second (and more filled with “substantive marrow”) life, Nerval acts as surrealist and dreamlike before the letter, and his work lends itself to a psychocritical analysis not only by virtue of its setbacks of the medical type. I set out to detect in his work (“Les Chimères”, “Aurélia”, “Les Filles du feu”) the textual clues of the (sometimes abrupt) passage from the real to the super-reality, since this is, in my opinion, that the threshold is found, which separates (or not?) the biography of the work. In this sense, Nerval is the author of limit texts (in the peratological sense of the term), and we can also read the limit as a threshold.

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Le seuil, matrice du surréel chez André Breton

Author(s): Jean-Yves Michel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The notion of threshold appears as a fundamental key notion in André Breton’s stories, where everything takes on the face of an initiatory quest, where the revelation is a process of knowledge, where reality at a given moment topples into another revealing dimension, properly ‘surrealist’. The structure of the sentence and the text gives flesh to this quasi-mystical approach. The trilogy “Nadja - L’amour fou - Arcane 17” illustrates this notion, the eponymous character Nadja being the incarnation of it. Breton is a poet who explores the human universe in all its dimensions, through various approaches. With him emerges a holistic vision. The stories are as many initiatory quests, where are explored various universes which enter in contact, interpenetrate, to build a properly surrealist vision of the world. Both the man and the poet André Breton successively cross all the thresholds, the writing joined to the experimentation ‘in vivo’ being the place where the surreal vision can be elaborated, to build and realize a true alchemical work...

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La littérature décadente au-delà des frontières

Author(s): Paul Matei Christian Botez / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Considered to be an emblematic book for the decadent spirit of the late 19th century, “À Rebours” tells the story of a young dandy, a pessimist anti-hero, whose only desire is to retreat from the world and create his own artistic universe, where he can live in peace. This paper will examine the manner in which nobleman Jean des Esseintes builds an entirely artificial life for himself, one which involves overstepping many of the symbolic frontiers we establish in our day to day lives: between reality and dreams, between past and present, between nature and artifice, even between health and illness. I will also examine the extent to which the collapse of the novel's only physical frontier - namely the one between the house in Fontenay-aux-Roses and the outside world - illustrates the failure of the protagonist's daring aesthetic project.

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Conditions de satisfaction, maximes conversationnelles et règles de politesse ou comment faire échouer un acte de langage

Author(s): Carmen-Ștefania Stoean / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

We are looking at a certain type of directive speech acts, namely the failed speech acts. These are acts that aren’t able to reach their purpose or, if they do, they do it insufficiently. We aim at identifying the parameters that make their functioning problematic or completely prevent them from realization. Our research has a threefold development: Firstly, we describe the systems of rules following which illocutionary acts are performed, knowing that their failure derives, in principle, from the non-compliance to one or more rules of the same system or of different system of rules. Secondly, we identify the different failed speech acts and classify them based on the source of their failure (the rule / rules that were not obeyed). Finally, in the last part of our research, we analyze the consequences of noncompliance with the rules on the development and the output of the verbal exchanges where the selected speech acts are performed. Our presentation only covers the first two parts of the presentation.

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« Bonjour à tou·te·s... » : de quelques valeurs de l'ironie sur les forums de discussions autour de l'écriture inclusive

Author(s): Simina Mastacan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In our article we propose to reflect on some linguistic and pragmatic values of irony, which we will observe on a corpus of reactions recorded in the comments section of a set of articles on inclusive writing. We built this corpus between the years 2017-2021, by examining some French-language newspapers available on the Internet (Le Causeur, Le Figaro, Le Monde). What seems interesting to us to observe is, in fact, the way in which irony multiplies and diversifies its forms in contact with new forms of media communication.

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Le niveau-seuil en FLE : de la compétence à la performance dans une formation hybride en milieu professionnel

Author(s): Simona Mihaela Nistor / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In the era of globalisation, the need for a unitary language framework and the advent of new technologies have imposed a pedagogical reconfiguration of classical teaching models, favouring the creation of a dynamic and interactive education system, focused on the learners and their needs. In this context, the introduction of specialised methods for non-academic adult audiences has led to intense research in the field of language teaching. Designed to optimize the learning process through skills enhancement, the hybrid course is one of the strategies that appears to be fully aligned with the principles outlined in the CEFRL, providing multiple opportunities for learners: flexibility, autonomy, interaction, personalized content, variety of resources. The task-based approach, the active and differentiated pedagogy, the intercultural approach, strongly encouraged by the Council of Europe and valued within the educational activities involving the contribution of digital tools, are important tracks in the achievement of language performance in accordance with the threshold level designed in the CEFR, which we will analyze in detail from a hybrid system for learning French as a foreign language in professional context.

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ИНВЕКТИВНАЯ ЛЕКСИКА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА: ТОЛКОВАНИЕ В ЛИНГВИСТИКЕ И ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

Author(s): Oksana V. Zuga / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper gives reasons which allow grounding of the necessity of introduction in the curricula in the lines “Philology”, “Fundamental and applied linguistics”, and “Jurisprudence” of such courses of study like juridical linguistics, basics of legal linguistic inquiry etc. The subject of their study is the actively developing sphere of intersection of the language and law. In our opinion the special attention in the frameworks of the above courses should be given to the analysis of connotative words which are used in different contexts and situations of communication. The paper deals with functioning of the invective vocabulary in the modern speech of Russian native speakers, variants of its analysis by linguists during linguistic examination and evaluation by lawyers in the course of judicial examination. There is considered the notion of decent/indecent form of expression, as the presence of negative evaluation which exists in the meaning of a great number of emotive meanings leads to the fact that native speakers perceive such words as offensive and hence insulting, however the notion of offense in ordinary perception does not coincides with the legal one.

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Социализмът – стратегии на литературната ретроспекция

Author(s): Inna Peleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines recent literary texts depicting life in the People’s Republic of Bulgaria. It looks at the difference in the critical evaluation and the aesthetics of several prose works which represent state socialism. The focus of analysis is on the way today’s narratives of the period between 1944 and 1989 “return to” the national literary practices of interpreting the events of the 1920s.

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Социализъм и детство. Съзряване и преход

Author(s): Albena Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to present and analyze several Bulgarian novels written in the post-1989 period and depicting childhood under socialism. These are mostly texts with a strong autobiographical element, which allows for a reading that focuses on their conception of childhood and adolescence set within an attempted global reconstruction of the social context in the socialist era. Another object of analysis in the article is the confrontation of private and public life, the conformity with or opposition to various forms of disciplining (within the family, the school and the work setting). At the same time, all of the selected novels place maturation – physical, mental and cognitive – in the post-1989 period, thus enabling examination of where and how the characters position themselves and their personal strategies in the first ten years after the Transition.

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70-те години в пре/ход към новия XXI век, или паметта на лирическите автоантологии

Author(s): Gergina Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the personal strategies employed in the creation of autoanthological lyrical works during the second decade of the 21st century. The focus is on several dominant contemporary Bulgarian poets who made their debut in the 1960s and the 1970s. Proposed here is a typological perspective that could possibly be used in future historical conceptualizations of the literature of that period from the perspective of the Transition. The observations offered in the paper are based on the belief that lyrical autoanthologies represent a gesture of conserving and passing down through time of a specific and enduring creative memory. Thus they can be studied both within the perimeter of the author’s personal field and more generally, in the context of the Bulgarian Transition as a literary historical period.

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Преходът в съвременния български роман – жанрови вариации и семантични контексти

Author(s): Ani Burova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the images of the post-1989 Transition, as they have been constructed in the contemporary Bulgarian novel. The novel genre has traditionally been associated with making sense of historical and social turning points. However, in the period since 1989, it has itself been subjected to much experimentation and exploration, which has also affected the way in which it portrays the recent past and the present. The focus of the present article is precisely on the intersection between the processes at work within the genre of the novel and the types of interpretations of the theme of the society of the Transition. The issues are discussed chronologically, beginning with a commentary on the images of the Transition in the novels of the 1990s and continuing with those of the early twenty-first century. It is noted that the novel’s interest in the theme of the Transition has been growing with the advance of the present century. The main conclusion is that the contemporary novel seeks new opportunities to interpret social and historical issues. Different genre and narrative models characteristic of the theme of the Transition in the Bulgarian novel since the 1990s are outlined.

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Българският роман през първото десетилетие на XXI век: какво се случва с нашия „критически реализъм“?

Author(s): Milena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper follows the transformations of the so-called “critical realism” in the development of Bulgarian fiction during the first decade of the 21st century. Debating the popular critical opinion that social topics are rarely met and feebly presented in modern Bulgarian literature, the paper articulates a thesis of its own; the idea stands based on the example of many novels written during the first decade of the new century. Any search for traditional ways of social representation nowadays is pointless. The paper highlights how different types of novels (urban prose, “women’s writing”, satirical novel, etc.) assimilate social themes within the framework of their genre specifics. The article ends with a summary of the observations made and the conclusions reached.

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Трилогията на Виктор Пасков („Балада за Георг Хених“, „Германия, мръсна приказка“, „Аутопсия на една любов“) и преходът

Author(s): Boris Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The topic, as well as the aim of the project to examine the interconnections between the Transition and literary models, presupposes two different kinds of relations: firstly, the presence or the marked absence of the concept of the Transition in Paskov’s novels and their narrative perspectives, and secondly, the publication and the reception of these works in the social environment of a transition (1987–1992–2005). The purpose of the paper is to rethink the mutual historical positioning of the three novels and to sketch out a possible common direction of their interaction. A key to such an interaction can be found in the individual’s indelible bodily co-presence in the ghetto represented though its forms of mimicry in the communal life in the neighbourhood (A Ballad for Georg Henig), the artistic gastarbeiter dormitory (Germany – A Dirty Tale) and the “global henhouse” of the ultramodern world (Postmortem of a Love). Always and everywhere, the ghetto entices the artist in its desire to ensnare, entrap and ultimately destroy him.

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Невидимото в литературата на прехода

Author(s): Liudmila Mindova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Invisibility is a theme frequently exploited in imaginative literature. However, during the Transition writers began using it even more often. In a number of works, the attribute “invisible” is part of their very titles. Such are, for example, Georgi Gospodinov’s collection of essays The Invisible Crises (2013), Ventzeslav Konstantinov’s book of poems The Invisible Unavoidable Things (2013), the collection of very short stories by Mira Dushkova Invisible Things (2014), Natalia Deleva’s novel The Invisible Ones (2017), Mehmed Atipov’s collection of short stories Invisible Life (2018). The literature of the Transition not only actualizes but manifests with added emphasis its interest for the metaphysical topics in art. This is not only a reflex born out of the rejection or neglect they suffered in the years of state atheism but also an expression of the renewed interest in them in crisis situations.

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The History of Developing Japanese Language Education

Author(s): Okazaki Tsuneo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In my article, I give an overview of how attempts towards developing Japanese language education have changed over the years. For that purpose, I describe the last fifty years of teaching Japanese at the University of Warsaw from the perspective of my own, personal experience. I also try to demonstrate that the teaching environment has changed significantly after the 1989 transformation in Poland. Among others, I describe two examples of activities that let our students be continually exposed to the Japanese language and people and help them improve both their language skills and knowledge of Japanese culture: the Language Camps and the exchange program with Japanese residents in Warsaw that has been taking place for over twenty years. Finally, comparing the times before and after the 1989 transformation, I point out the crucial differences between the learning environment and available opportunities in the past and nowadays.

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How to Measure “Unique” or “Universal”?

Author(s): Inaga Shigemi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Is Japan contributing to world civilization? If yes, then to what extent? Is this contribution beneficial or negative? In order to examine these questions, the paper addresses three cases of cross-cultural transfers analyzed from a comparative perspective. First, we will examine the adoption of Western linear perspective as an example of a technological transfer in the Far East. Second, we will look at a legal issue in the field of international diplomatic negotiations. Finally, the third case discussed will deal with the intricacies of inter-religious understanding. The first case dates back to the second half of the eighteenth century, the second – to the end of the nineteenth century, while the last one became a topic of conversation in the mid-twentieth century. We hope that these three examples will help to elucidate the worldwide geopolitical circumstances as well as historical vicissitudes in which Japan’s contribution to worldwide civilization can be measured. Applying a comparative approach and analyzing both the positive and the negative sides of the issues discussed will help us make a critical assessment of Japanese studies in the international dimension.

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The Art of Retelling and the Universality of Literature

Author(s): Katarzyna Sonnenberg-Musiał / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As illustrated by "Noroma ningyō" ["Noroma Puppets"] (1916), Akutagawa Ryūnosuke was very much aware of the tension between the historical and the universal as far as the reception of art is concerned. The article focuses on three of his short stories: "Kumo no ito" ["The Spider’s Thread"] (1918), "Hankechi" ["The Handkerchief"] (1916), and "Butōkai" ["The Ball"] (1919) in relation to the question of how he responded to this tension. It argues that while the use of archetypal themes and motifs may illustrate Akutagawa’s belief in the universality of literature, his playing with perspectives and the antithetical structure of some of his works simultaneously question the possibility of a common understanding between different readers across cultures.

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Unique or Universal?

Author(s): Inoue Takashi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Amidst uniqueness and universality there tend to arise sparks, conflicts, and intricately intertwined secret relationships. Taking up four Mishima Yukio novels – "The Forest in Full Bloom" ("Hanazakari no mori"), "Confessions of a Mask" ("Kamen no kokuhaku"), "The Temple of the Golden Pavilion" ("Kinkakuji"), and "The Sea of Fertility" ("Hōjō no umi"), I substantiate this theory while also referring to works by other authors. "The Sea of Fertility" is the most unique and, simultaneously, the most universal of the discussed works, as it contains many diametric oppositions and predicts the nihilistic reality of our world nowadays. However, at the same time, it also encourages us to find the best way of living our life meaningfully.

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"Mizumura Minae’s Novel" Shishōsetsu from left to right (1995)

Author(s): Matthew Königsberg / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses "Shishōsetsu from left to right" (1995), Mizumura Minae’s shishōsetsu or ‘I-novel.’ Taking a closer look at the book – which through its very title purports to belong to a specific and unique Japanese genre – the paper poses the question of whether Mizumura’s work is indeed an ‘I-novel’ and thus unique to Japan, or whether it would be more accurate to classify it as an example of realist literature. The question is approached by first “verifying” the autobiographical information given in the novel and then by comparing the time structure of the work to that of conventional shishōsetsu. It is shown that the work diverges from conventional ‘I-novels’ in the way that the narrator presents the material. In addition, the work is shown to have a theme, namely, loneliness in American society. Finally, in dealing with the polylingual text, the question is raised as to what extent the use of English is mimetic, or if it is possibly – along with photos and other ‘non-mimetic’ devices in the novel – at times more akin to techniques of postmodernist literature.

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