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Структурографският потенциал на българското сложно изречение. Приносът на статистическите прогностични методи

Author(s): Petya Barkalova,Krasilina Koleva-Kostova,Hristo Manev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report presents the results of the work on creating of a research corpus of structurografically processed complex mixed sentences. The purpose of the created corpus is to compare the primary sketch, structure diagram and acoustic image of 500 complex mixed sentences. An analysis of 200 new sentences is also presented. The medium for statistical analysis of data - IBM SPSS Statistics v.19, has been used for the statistical processing of the data obtained from configuration syntactic analysis. In this way new information and new conclusions about the proportions in the sentence structure are being reached. It has been proven that the data obtained from each sample are valid for the whole work. An excerpt of 100 sentences from the novel “The Farm at the Border” by Yordan Yovkov and an excerpt of 100 sentences from the novel “Noah’s Ark” by Yordan Radichkov have been considered. The article also examines the quantitative distribution of the subordinate clauses in both novels in comparison with the data from a previous study of the novel “Antichrist” by Emilian Stanev. In conclusion, an algorithmic model and its operation have been presented, the knowledge of which gives way towards new evidence of the structural potential of the modern Bulgarian language.

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Редуването я-е-а на ятовата гласна и минало несвършено време в българския език. Анализ с правила

Author(s): Danil Khristov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper proposes a rule-based feature analysis of the ya/e phenomenon in Bulgarian. Special attention is paid to the variable ya/е observed in the forms of the imperfect tense. First and second-conjugation verbs whose imperfect forms involve yat-alternation are compared with third-conjugation verbs where this alternation is not observed. The analysis also addresses the role of morphology in the process of adding different imperfect endings to the verb base and the effect of these endings on the variable ya/e. Finally, the phonemic status of soft consonants is discussed in relation to the proposed analysis.

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Модификатори прилагателни имена, които се съчетават с лексемите толерантност и търпимост – съпоставително корпусно изследване

Author(s): Bilyana Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to check the topicality of the dictionary definitions of the synonyms ‘tolerantnost’ and ‘tarpimost’ in contemporary media speech according to corpus data. For this reason, the study investigates the use of the words in Bulgarian Web 2012 with the help of Sketch Engine. The research includes their frequency in the corpus and their collocation with the adjectives as modifiers. The hypothesis is that the lexeme ‘tolerantnost’ is more typical for the official discourse and it is linked with group rights and liberties whereas the lexeme ‘tarpimost’ is connected to the interpersonal communication. The data reveals that the modifiers with the highest frequency of both lexemes collocate with each of them. At the same time, ‘tolerantnost’ and ‘tarpimost’ are often used together in one phrase and therefore, their meaning is not completely the same. The conclusion is that additional research of their collocations and of the contexts they are used is needed so as to reveal the difference in their meanings.

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Същността на категорията лице при местоименията

Author(s): Milena Vidralska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article reveals linguists` different understandings of the person in pronouns and verbs. Our position is that these are two different grammatical categories. The interrelation between these two linguistic realities is an indisputable fact and an extremely important feature related to the grammatical category of personality in the modern Bulgarian language.

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Интонационни и прозодични особености на простото двусъставно изречение в българския език

Author(s): Hristiana Krasteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The research is focused on comparison of the prosodic characteristics of simple sentences (positive statements) in Bulgarian. The main goal is to compare the prosodic features of positive statements focusing on the prosodic grouping. The experimental protocol consists of processing the sentences, gathered in a corpus for the aims of the project “Rhythm and Intonation in Bulgarian Sentences” (МУ21-ФлФ-013) with Speech Anlyzer 3.1 and analysis of their melodic graphs and spectrograms with focus on the prosodic grouping of the phrases.

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Амбивалентни оценки в комуникативния процес, отразени в българските фразеологизми, пословици и поговорки

Author(s): Teodora Rabovyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The object of the paper are 45 double-natured phrases which rely on context and situation. They may depend on the desire to speak only the truth, but to conserve one’s feelings. Phraseological units that change their value about positive or negative evaluation. Often the context specifies the positive or the negative mark of the construction. There is opposition between the past and the present, accompanied by changing the assessments (+ → – and vice versa). For example, phrases with stylistic note ʽrebelliousnessʼ are positively marked (i duma da ne stava = I will not hear of it; vikam s palen glas; na visok glas = in a loud voice; pravo, kume, v ochi = straight out, without mincing the matter; flat and plain; dumata mu na dve ne stave = his word is law; ne tsepya basma = not mince one’s words). They oppose to ʽobedienceʼ (stiga da reche „kuku“; ne karsha prikazkata / dumata na dve; zhenata me vodi za ezika) and ʽmasking the truthʼ (edno mu e na sartseto, drugo mu e na ustata = he wears his heart upon his sleeve; s okolni dumi; shlevya se kato zhaba; imam prikazka za nyakogo; kazvam dve dumi; Ne go usukvaj kilifarski! Usukvam go po kilifarski = don’t beat about the bush, get to the point). Another opposition is built about the silence as ʽpreserving a secretʼ and ʽbreaking one’s promice / wordʼ (compare the semantic and the etymology of the expression izplyuvam kamacheto = spill the beans). We also look at the stylistics of double-natured phraseological units (in comparison with artistic devices, used in negatively and positively charged expressions) to explain their power of expression and aesthetic effect in speech.

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Речникът в сборника Български притчи или пословици и характерни думи на П. Р. Славейков

Author(s): Tsvetelina Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents one of the so-called intext dictionaries with a specific title: Dictionary of little-known words and expressions. It is without authorship and is published in the collection Bulgarian Proverbs or Proverbs and Characteristic Words by P. R. Slaveykov, published in 1954. The dictionary is interesting with a view to the reader‘s perception and the history of Bulgarian lexicography. It is established that for 60 years there have been serious changes in the lexical system of the Bulgarian language.

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Вариантност, дублетност и синонимия в терминологията

Author(s): Kristiyana Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report attempts to explain the relationship between these concepts in terminology, to clarify their boundaries, as well as to answer the question of whether the phenomenon of variance in terminology is needed and how it will develop in the future. Today there is an unprecedented growth of specialized knowledge worldwide and the variability is directly related to the dynamic development of knowledge. This is because, in short, when a new concept emerges, variance clearly reveals the process of finding the most appropriate and adequate linguistic form of the term in accordance with the specifics of the scientific or professional field. Finding the most accurate linguistic expression of a scientific concept is a very important and very complex activity that requires both professional and linguistic training. And the fact that the same scientific concept can often be expressed through different formalgrammatical structures is a proof of the rich word-formation possibilities of the Bulgarian language.

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Композитуми с компоненти „ковид-“ и „постковид-“ в българския медиен дискурс

Author(s): Natalia Długosz / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the problem of Bulgarian compound nouns with the components ковид- and постковид-. I describe the formal status of this type of compound words, I group them into semantic fields and I analyze selected examples of language usage in the cognitive-communication approach. I would like to draw your attention to several significant features of the concerned composites. It concerns the feature of brevity, the creation of new structures on the basis of a simple model based on analogy as well as the fact that the feature of formal transparency of compounds is accompanied by a large degree of semantic density. I put an accent on semantic blur of derivatives used in the language of the mass media out of context.

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Фрагменти с името на Атанасий Александрийски в полемиката срещу духоборците съгласно исихасткия и антилатински Хилендарски сборник HM. SMS. 474

Author(s): Pirinka Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is the origin and the language of the fragments attributed to Athanasius of Alexandria in the 15th century Miscellany from Hilandar monastery HM. SMS. 474, dated to 1385 – 1395. The Athanasius’ fragments about the origin of the Holy Spirit include: а) an incipit and a text from an unidentified anti-Latin Sermon; the incipit and the beginning of the Sermon are quoted by Basil the Great in his Homily XXIV against the Arians, Savellians and Eunomians; b) a Quote from the Pseudo-Athanasian First Dialogue contra Macedonius, 5.11 – 13; c) a Quote from Athanasius’ Epistula ad Serapionem, I.2. The same three fragments are attested in the unpublished Codex 41 of the Monastery of the Holy Trinity in Pljevlja, copied around 1400. The identical content and the lanquage of HM. SMS. 474 and Codex 41 testify to a common origin. The Athanasius’ fragments are placed together with a quote from Basil the Great, Against Eunomius, and Barlaam of Calabrias on the principles of the discussion (начала), as well as many commentaries on these fragments, that are up to date in the 14th century. It can be assumed that some Greek collection used for the Slavonic translation of this part of HM. SMS. 474 presents stored documentation of the disputes in Constantinople during 1334 – 1337 between the papal legates and their orthodox opponents Gregory Palamas and Barlaam of Calabria.

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За един библейски цитат и няколко термина за меховете на ковача в старата славянска книжнина

Author(s): Elka Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the vocabulary of the two Old Bulgarian translations of Orations of St. Gregory of Nazianzus. The analysis is focused on the transmission of a biblical reference from the prophet Jeremiah in the context of everyday life of the Bulgarian medieval society. A new hypothesis is proposed for the understanding of дъмьии – a lexeme unique for Slavonic medieval literature.

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За някои редки думи в „маргиналните“ писмени свидетелства от X–XI в.

Author(s): Yavor Miltenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims at examining several rare words, attested in a) notes left by the copyists of Old Bulgarian manuscripts from the 10th – 11th c., and b) in inscriptions from the same period. In some cases a new interpretation of the analyzed material is performed, and in others such is offered for the first time.

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Новооткрит препис на Чина на Свето Богоявление в Трескавечкия евхологий от ХIII век

Author(s): Hristina Toncheva-Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents data about a newly-found copy of The Blessing of the Waters on the Eve of Epiphany, the text of which has been published only partially in the edition of the Treskavec Euchologium from XIII century, without being identified. The copy is the most thorough text of the divine service from this century found until now, which demonstrates textual and lexical similarity to the Glagolitic Euchologium Sinaiticum from X – XI century. It was created in the southwest Bulgarian monastery by the priest Mihail for the needs of Orthodox divine services and was written directly over the Greek text.

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Някои особености на консонантизма на хърватското житие на света Екатерина Legenda sv. Katarine Divice по ръкопис I c 6 от архива на ХАЗУ

Author(s): Simeon Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text analyzes some peculiarities of the consonant system of the Croatian vita of St. Catherine Legenda sv. Katarine divice according to manuscript I c 6 from the Archives of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The selected cases prove once again the Chakavian dialect of the text. The analysis is a contribution to the history of the use of the Latin script to record the vernacular Croatian in the XIV-XV centuries.

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Названията за жилище и езиковата картина в новобългарските дамаскини

Author(s): Vanya Micheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This study presents the linguistic and semantic realizations of the concept “living places” in the New Bulgarian damascenes from the 17th century. A system of words and collocations and their use in different contexts are analyzed in view of their connection with Christian culture and with the medieval picture of the world. The process of enrichment of the names for living places in the history of the Bulgarian language and of the changes in the conceptual content of the words and collocations is followed.

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Профиль женского присутствия в эпоху Средневековья по материалам Женского сборника Йосифа Брадати

Author(s): Tatyana Braga / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article presents language material from the collection Iosiph Bradati Празници бабыни илы ѡ бабихъ баснехъ, also known as the Women’s collection. The present study focuses on some characteristics of the female presence in the popular collection of the Bulgarian damascinar writer.

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Новооткрит ръкопис на отец Едуардо осветява обществените отношения сред българите католици през XIX вeк

Author(s): Magdalena Abadzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report is dedicated to a newly discovered manuscript from the 19th century in Rakovski, written by Father Eduardo of Torino and represents a notarial book in which agreements and wills of Bulgarian Catholics are recorded. The manuscript belongs to the literature of Bulgarian Catholics, is not known to scientists and the next report presents for the first time data on its content and features. The discovery enriches the idea of this part of Bulgarian literature, as this type of notarial book has not been discovered, described and researched so far, and it contains valuable information about public relations between the representatives of this part of the Bulgarian people. The manuscript adds important data to the knowledge of the work of Father Eduardo of Torino, who wrote in modern Bulgarian language among Bulgarian Catholics in the second half of the 19th century.

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Нови данни за българския език от източници, включени в първата библиография на славянското езикознание от списанието “Rocznik Slawistyczny” през 1908

Author(s): Velislava Stoykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents new data for Bulgarian language in favor of the Bulgarian linguists position toward the Macedonian language which are based on the analysis of the bibliographic source titles included in the first World Slavic Linguistics Bibliography published periodically in „Rocznik Slawistyczny“ from 1908. The analysis is focused on the structure of the main bibliography, and summarizes the source titles which are related to Old Church Slavonic Language and to Bulgarian dialects. It is particularly outlined that there are no titles or sources on Macedonian language included in the first World Slavic Linguistics Bibliography of „Rocznik Slawistyczny“, 1908.

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За произхода на хрàски ‘малки, недозрели зелчета, паберки по полето’

Author(s): Krasimira Fuchedzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to etymologize the dialect noun хрàски ‘small unripe cabbages’. In order to explore possible paths of semantic development, the noun is associated with the verb хрàскам ‘hit hard with noise’. The paper illustrates how hypotheses about the etymology of a word of obscure or uncertain origin can be built by means of semantic parallels. It demonstrates how the recurring links between two meanings, often found in different, etymologically unrelated words, can be convincing proof of the origin of words with obscured etymologies.

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Наивната аксиология в народния календар на българите

Author(s): Mariya Kitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Traditionally, calendar time is viewed as a cyclic notion, which predetermines the existence of transitional periods serving as mythological and factual boundaries. In the majority of cases, these periods have negative symbolism as they are characterised by disturbance in the balance between heaven and earth, between the forces of cosmos and chaos. For these reasons, the periods of transition are regarded as dangerous and impure. The study titled “The Naive Axiology in the Bulgarian Folk Calendar” deals with a group of terms in Bulgarian calendar terminology – chrononyms denoting those periods and days in the Bulgarian folk calendar, which represent the most unfavourable time of the year according to folk beliefs. The paper addresses chrononyms formed with the roots: wolf – Вълчи празници (Wolf holidays), mouse – Миши празници (Mouse holidays), rabbit – Зайковден (Rabbit day), snake – Зъмски ден (Snake day), bear – Мечкин ден (Bear day). The semantic analysis studies each chrononym in the context of the system of holidays, prohibitions and preventive actions.

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