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The author of the article considers the elements of performance in the literary works of the post-Soviet period. His attention is focused on three East Slavic nations, whose literatures belonged to the area of “Soviet literature” for a long time. It is noted that the implementation of the elements of performance into the culture confirms the radical renewal of literary discourse and creation of new national narratives.
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The introductory part of the paper consists of notes on personal names, parish registers and Kvaderna kapitula lovranskog. The main part of the work gives a statistical and structural analysis of personal name data from the parish register which is an integral part of the Kvaderna kapitula lovranskog – an annotated table of the frequency of names of baptized persons, their parents and God parents is given. The overview of personal name data is completed by remarks on the hereditary quality of personal names, their dependence on the Church calendar, anthroponomical formula as well as language features (phonological, morphological, word-formational and syntactic) of personal names.
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A collection of texts about the Romanian literary critic Cornel Moraru.
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At first glance, it may seem surprising that Denis Poulot’s book, titled Question sociale. Le Sublime ou le travailleur tel qu’il est en 1870, et ce qu’il peut être (1870), can be taken into consideration for an argot analysis. However, social historians perceive this author’s work as a valuable testimony to the literature on the French working-class life in the 19th century. Against this background, the academic interest in Poulot’s work has so far focused only on the life and working conditions of workers and not on the language of the so-called sublimes. A linguistic study of the sublimes (Hardy 2015) has already shown that it is worth investigating certain concepts, their meanings, and etymologies. First, this article introduces Denis Poulot and his work. Subsequently, the language of the sublimes is examined from a linguistic point of view. Here, the focus is on semantic fields, in particular the field of alcoholic beverages, wine merchants, and the action of drinking.
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During the Great War (1914-1918), soldiers were bruised in their flesh and their spirit during bloody battles (Goudaillier, 2016). The food designations for poilus (French soldiers) were presented in a previous publication; it is now important to study what they were drinking when in the front line. By analysing data from linguistic writings – such as surveys and dictionaries (cf, among others, Dauzat, 1918) as well as personal writings of the poilus (mail, letters, postcards) and literary writings (war books, trench diaries, novels, memoirs) (see Goudaillier, 2014) – it is possible to highlight the popular and/or slang terms and expressions used by those fighters in trenches on the French side to designate drinks (water, coffee, wine, and other alcoholic beverages) as well as the linguistic means by which they were sent to the front.
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This article aims at treating the lexical fi of the ALCOHOL, which is extremely rich in all slangs, including the Romanian slang. Without pretending to be exhaustive – which is practically impossible under the conditions of a veritable plethora of terminology conveyed in this field – we will merely off a series of metaphors that name alcohol, both those that are most well-known and some that are surprising. These metaphors and metaphorical constructions prove that the inventiveness of slang users is inexhaustible. Thus, due to the fact that the idea that alcohol is a medicine is deeply rooted in the popular mind of Romanians, what I have called the ‘medical metaphor’ is very well represented in the Romanian slang (e.g. doctorie – from ‘doctor’/‘physician’ + suffix ‘-ie’ – means ‘spirit drink’). Especially at the declarative level, religious Romanians also use the religion-related vocabulary to use words that they attribute with an ‘alcoholic’ meaning, e.g. agheasmă (sl. agiazma or ngr. αγιασμα – agiásma), which translates into ‘holy water’, also means ‘spirit drink’ and is part of the ‘religious metaphor’.
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The last decades of the 19th century marked the beginning of scientific research devoted to Bulgarian sociolects, especially to the secret slangs of craftsmen: masons, shoemakers, street musicians, beggars, and petty thieves. Gradually, attention was being directed to corporate slangs of schoolchildren and university students of large cities, and it is these particular sociolects that remain at the centre of many studies to the present day. However, slang vocabulary related to drinks and drinking has never been studied in Bulgaria. The proposed article – based on a study of numerous literary and journalistic works, Internet forums, and daily discourse – examines the vocabulary of Bulgarian youth slang for drinks and drinking, its relationship to the standard language and colloquial speech, as well as the differences and similarities between them. The analysed vocabulary is classified according to its affiliation to a specific variation of the national language: standard, colloquial speech, and social dialects. Further, each group is organised according to the lexico-morphological characteristics of the constitutive elements: verbs, nouns or adjectives, as well as verbal or noun expressions.
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This article focuses on German and French youth slang expressions that refer to the consumption of alcoholic drinks. Since 11% of 17-year-olds admit to consuming alcohol regularly at different places – such as friends’ houses, bars, or even school – a cataloguing study of conversational habits in this field promises a productive evaluation as these habits also influence older people’s conversational habits. The largest part of the corpus has been collected, analysed, and discussed in a three-week field study in one of Leipzig’s most popular spots among young people. Short forms are one of the most common expressions used by young people, while metaphors as well as ironic and satiric expressions are just as common. Even new creations have been registered, such as the acronym ‘Uwe’ (‘unten wird’s eklig’, i.e. ‘at the bottom it’s nasty’), which is also an allusion to the German male name ‘Uwe’, but here it refers to the last sip of a beer or any other drink. Translation may seem hard due to puns and a given contextual reality. However, there are many lexical options available to make sure that the intended message is kept alive.
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Binge drinking is a phenomenon of excessive alcohol use that is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, mainly among young people. The purpose of binge drinking, already known officially as beuverie express in French, is to get drunk and feel the effects of alcohol in a very short period of time. On the basis of a corpus composed of blogs, online press articles and forum discussions, our article aims at analysing how Internet users name this phenomenon in French and how they speak about the various aspects of the given semantic field (excessive alcohol drinking, types of drinks, drunkenness, etc.). Our study found that this semantic field, also known as an important topic of argotology, is particularly favourable for the use of slang, a high number of expressions are employed by Internet users to speak about the phenomenon of binge drinking and that of alcohol use in general in colloquial/slang French.
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Youth language is a variant of the ‘standard’ language and as such is used by peers and is part of a diastratic variation of the language. The use of a specific sociolect by young speakers of a given language is a sign of belonging to a group where age is the determining factor. It is true that the use of certain lexemes is conditioned by the linguistic situation in which people find themselves (diaphasic variation), but it is no less true that certain lexical forms are more used by young people, especially in verbal exchanges with other group members. This paper will aim at presenting the so-called ‘young’ vocabulary that touches on the field of drinking (the names of drinks, the types of alcohol, the verbs used to talk about the action of drinking). The corpus herein will be based on the lexicon that was found on a site for young speakers (www.miejski.pl), which represents the universal language of the youth. The results obtained will be classified according to the lexicogenic processes responsible for the creation of new lexical forms (form, meaning, borrowing). The analysis will deal with contemporary lexical neological forms, such as the words ‘dżudżitsu vodka’ (words ‘vodka’ and ‘jujitsu’), ‘zibol’ (a ‘person who is drinking’; onomatopoeia ‘zib’, i.e. the noise produced during the ingestion of a liquid), ‘tankować’ (‘fuel up’; metaphor), or ‘sztela’ (‘booze’; borrowed from the Silesian speech).
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The name of what is usually the first drink in our lives does not seem to be a very original object of interest. However, it belongs to a group of well-known and widely used words, and, therefore, I would like to look at its functioning. I intend to look into its basic general meaning and linguistics behind it, but I also want to explore the meaning of figurative (metaphorical) compositions and phrase expressions connected with the word ‘milk’ in French and in Polish respectively. I will try to outline the meaning of the word ‘milk’ / ‘mleko’ based on both old and contemporary French and Polish dictionaries. I will refer to the link between wine and milk, which is present in French only and visible through some of the expressions. This concrete noun, which can be classified among language universals, does not offer any sophisticated synonymy. However, several metonymic and metaphorical applications deserve attention.
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This paper analyses the French causative construction ‘faire boire’ and its equivalents in the Polish language. The basic causative predicate which translates the sense of faire boire is the verb ‘poić’ and its prefixal aspectual equivalents. The aim of the analysis is to observe the regularities that occur in the choice of the Polish verb at the moment of the translation of ‘faire boire’. The analysis shows that, depending on the meaning of ‘faire boire’ – one distinguished on the basis of a semantic-syntactic construction – the Polish language selects diff verbs. The use that we can call prototypical is translated into Polish with ‘poić/napoić’, referring to both humans and animals. However, if N1 belongs to the class [alcohol], the Polish language selects either ‘napoić’ (meaning: not excessively), or ‘spoić’ (meaning: in excess). The presence of the quantifi in position N1 blocks the use of the verb ‘poić’. The French passive construction ‘se faire boire’ can be translated with the predicate ‘wsiąkać / wsiąknąć’, showing no causativity.
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Few drinks are as present in French culture as absinthe. This spirit, treated by some as a fée verte (‘green fairy’), accused by others of “making it mad and criminal”, has provided a motif widely exploited in literature, painting, song, and so on. The effects of this specific alcohol, its ritual, its sociality, the addiction it provoked were often addressed in the speech of the great French and world literature. The use of absinthe was widely popularized in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in all social circles. Consequently, the drink obtained in French several informal appellations, oscillating between the meliorative formulations like fée verte (‘green fairy’) and pejoratives, like poison vert (‘green poison’). In our article, we discuss the lexicon of absinthe, standard and non- standard, as well as the way different French authors have spoken about absinthe in their works.
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The choice of vocabulary in the teaching and language learning process is one of the key problems of language didactics. Lexical competence and its development are perceived by teachers and students as a priority. What spot does semantic field regarding drinking beverages occupy in the French language school textbooks? What is, and what was, the selection of vocabulary related to this thematic circle made by the authors of school textbooks used in the process of teaching and learning a foreign language? In order to give answer to above questions, an oblong diagnostic examination of dictionaries and textbooks for teaching French language published in period 1973-2016 was carried out. The results of the research presented in the form of tabular summaries and qualitative analyzes showed ways of presenting the verb “to drink”, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages in materials for teaching French as a foreign language used in the Polish educational system.
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The aim of the paper is to analyse the elements of the corpus of the regional units which denote drinks, as well as to characterise traditions that are linked to the consumption of local alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. The examples are taken from fi Champagne-Ardennes authors, whose works were published in the period between 1933 and 2015. The research is devoted to the diff ways of semantisation which the authors use as major constituents of describing the textual functioning. The special attention is paid to studying the vitality of regionalisms. The algorithm for studying the vital force of the words that are specific to the inhabitants of a particular territorial community in the 21st century is based not only on the included observation, questionnaires, and interviews, but also on a close cooperation with online communities. Twenty one informants from the communes of the Marne and Ardennes departments took part in the surveys carried out in April/May and July/August, 2018.
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