Жанр бестіарію у кнізі Тані Малярчук: Звірослов

Author(s): Jiří Bernkopf / Language(s): Ukrainian Publication Year: 0

The bestiary as a genre originated in the Late Antiquity, when a Greek anonymous work called Fysiologus was written. Not only it described animals (both real and mythical), plants and stones, but it also ascribed them their symbolical meaning, which is interpreted using the Bible. Medieval bestiaries have been attractive thanks to their inspirational fantasies and powerful metaphors until today. They relate the appearance and character of various creatures to the life of a Christian, teaching him to live properly. The present study is dedicated to the collection of short prose Zviroslov (2009) by Tania Malyarchuk. It analyses this book from the point of view of the typology and history of a bestiary as a genre. In its second part, the study focuses on the poetics of the Zviroslov and on the possibilities of this genre to describe our society.

Жанровое своеобразие городской прозы Ю. В. Трифонова

Author(s): Naira Bernkopf / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The city prose is a specific genre in the Russian literary development from the 60s till the 80s of the 20th century. It arose as a result of search for new literary forms and ways under the given political and cultural circumstances. Trifonov is one of the founders of the city prose. In his work, he focuses on a city man in everyday situations. This article offers a new way of analysis of Trifonovʼs city short prose according to genre peculiarities.

Vade-mecum Norwida jako pierwszy polski przykład nowoczesnej liryki

Author(s): Mateusz Grabowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The volume of Vade-mecum is one of the most important accomplishments not only of Polish but also European Romanticism. Joseph Brodsky—the illustrious poet and Nobel Prize winner—said that Norwid’s opus magnum is far more notable than Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du mal, and it is proposing the new paradigm of modern lyric. In the introduction to the first German edition of Vade-mecum Hans Robert Jauss noticed that Norwid’s poetics is innovative and precursory. In planned paper I am going to define what exactly modern lyric is—the genre or phenomenon which is not standard for simple definition (studies of Jonathan Culler and Hans Robert Jauss)? The answer to this question will give the opportunity to outline a broad horizon for research on Norwid’s poetics.

Ремейк как новый жанр русской драматургии

Author(s): Magdalena Jakubiak / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses the phenomenon of the literary remake, which was mainly touched by the Russian literature in the recent years. The vast majority of this type of literary work provokes paying closer attention not only to the reasons but also to the consequences of this phenomenon. The researchers have been having a sceptical approach towards remakes, and even if they do mention remakes among the border genres, seldom do they find them worthy a more thorough study. Concerning the dramaturgy as such, the remake-plays characteristics are listed (in which the signals of the new literary genre are noticeable), the differences between the remake and the rest of the literary genres, and last but not least the doubtful aspects of the remake as a literary genre. Finally, I will try to answer the question if it is possible to accept the remake as a real new genre of the Russian dramaturgy

Роман-компьютерная игра Бориса Акунина «Квест»: от специфики жанра к продолжению игровой традиции в мировой литературе

Author(s): Galina Prokudina / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In this work the author discusses in a great detail a novel-computer game Quest by Boris Akunin. The novel is analysed from the aspects of its genre, structure, plot, narrative functions and style. The work deals with the phenomenon of the style of the novel-computer game in great depth. Additionally, the author includes a short historical section on the game tradition in literature.

Жанр медицинской повести в русской литературе (конец XIX–XXI вв.)

Author(s): Alina Solomonova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to examine a sociocultural situation that influenced the creation of a medical story-genre. The genre includes fictional works with a situation of a medical treatment. The characters of these stories are a physician and a patient. One or both of them think about illness, death or health, and they turn local subjects into philosophical reflection. Illness or death do not act as a simple shocking feature, but expand new narrative, poetic and thematic horizons. The medical context in fiction enriches and modifies themes, basic fictional situations and narratives. The paper focuses on the poetic features and influence of the works of 19th–20th century (works of Chekhov, Bulgakow, etc.) on the modern prose of writers-physicians. It highlights the landmarks of a genre genesis and points out the specific writers’ implications and the intertextual connections.

NOVÝ HISTORIZMUS V SLOVENSKOM LITERÁRNOM KONTEXTE

Author(s): Magdaléna Barányiová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The paper, New Historicism in the Slovak Literary Context, aims to characterize literary movements and map significant personalities and studies that contributed to the new cultural orientation in literary scholarship. In the late 60s and early 70s, Slovak writers used their works to respond to the transformations in the Slovak society and culture. The main goal of this paper is to characterize New Historicism and to provide an interpretation of ‘Cycle of Palánkʼ by Ladislav Ballek that explores human stories at a particular time and place.

ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ СИМВОЛИЗМ И РЕГРЕССИВНЫЕ КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ

Author(s): Gleb Maslov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Symbolism, as part of the Modernism movement that tends to separate itself from the present for the sake of the future, seeks to renovate the culture by going to back the roots. Interestingly, members of the Symbolist Movement in both Russia and Italy expressed great interest in ancient social history and personal biography texts. In their cultural models, which I propose to call regressive, symbolists viewed early periods in history and their culture as the most authentic, sincere and unique. These models can be classified in the following way: regressive (infantile) models of the creative genius nature (Il Fanciullino by Pascoli and Kotik Letaev by Andrei Bely) and regressive models of theater that transforms into the ancient mystery (Vyacheslav Ivanov).

PRINCÍPY MÝTOPOETIKY V DIELE BRUNA SCHULZA

Author(s): Jaroslava Smejkalová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

For Bruno Schulz, a Polish writer of Jewish descent, myths are the point of departure in creation of his works. It is impossible to imagine a collection of his stories that does not dabble in myth in one way another. Indeed, the primal mythical world forms the basis of his writings. Mythical narrative of the inception points to the existence of ideal primordial state. This state unifies the human being and the universe. In his work, Schulz constantly goes back to his childhood. From that period of his life, he borrows basic schemes and imagery for his work. He creates his own mythology and space-time relationships from these images.

Ne, ne, já z hvězd svou moudrost nevyčet…

Author(s): Stanislava Fedrová,Alice Jedličková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

… ač ve hvězdách si často čtu a rád… – od titulu ocitovaného ze Shakespearova Sonetu 14 bychom takto docela dobře mohli pokračovat i druhým veršem. Čtení sonetů i básnických ekfrází je totiž často nahlížením do hlubin lidské zkušenosti a čtením hvězdným, povznášejícím. Naše úsudky o nich však opravdu nevzešly z hvězd, ale z aktivního propojení literárněvědných znalostí a nástrojů s těmi intermediálními. A sborník, do kterého právě nahlížíte, nevznikl ani k nějakému výročí, ani jako výsledek studentské konference či soutěže. Vzešel z radosti ze společné interpretační práce studentek, studentů a dvou vyučujících. Zázemí osvojování poznatků a diskusím poskytl seminář Intermediální a adaptační studia, který je zařazen do prvního ročníku navazujícího magisterského studia Literatura a mezikulturní komunikace na FF MU.

Letím : moje tělo : které je : také hladové : v zimě : od : tržen : od lovců : se psy : zaostřím : do dálky : spočine : můj pohled

Author(s): Stanislava Fedrová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Na rozdíl od sonetů se s ekfrázemi studenti našeho semináře většinou dosud nesetkali; respektive nesetkali se s identifikací a pojmenováním tohoto žánru či postupu. Nicméně po několika názorných ukázkách – ze světové literatury, protože česká tradice je na ekfráze chudá, chudičká – si osvojí principy její realizace a vybaví si její příklady či alespoň náznaky ekfrastického postupu z vlastní čtenářské zkušenosti. S analýzou vývoje ekfráze jako deskriptivního textového typu s narativním potenciálem a jejího vlivu na literární zobrazení se studenti mohou seznámit v několika kapitolách naší spoluautorské monografie Viditelné popisy (2016); s jejím významným postavením v dějinách intermediálního myšlení pak v kapitole „Teorie intermediality. Zjevnost vztahů, unikavost média“ kolektivní publikace Za obrysy média (2020).

Způsob využití ekfráze v úvodu Gogolovy povídky Portrét

Author(s): Matěj Kos / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V úvodu Gogolovy povídky Portrét (1835; česky jako Podobizna 1847), která je často řazena mezi jeho tzv. Petrohradské povídky, můžeme nalézt několik pasáží, které by bylo možné označit jako ekfráze, tedy literární popisy uměleckých děl (blíže k ekfrázi Fedrová – Jedličková 2016). Tato analýza bude věnována právě jim, nejprve se je pokusím krátce uvést a charakterizovat a poté vyvodit obecnější závěry o Gogolově přístupu k ekfrázi.

Vítězslav Nezval: Po smršti

Author(s): Lucie Petreková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Součástí sbírky Absolutní hrobař (1937) Vítězslava Nezvala je mimo jiné i oddíl Dekalkomanie, v němž můžeme najít sedm dekalků a básní, kromě těchto také dva texty teoretické, z nichž při úvaze o básni Po smršti budeme vycházet. Absolutní hrobař je jednou z posledních Nezvalových sbírek v jeho vrcholném surrealistickém období a uzavírá tak básníkovu triádu Žena v množném čísle, Praha s prsty deště a Absolutní hrobař. V teoretickém úvodu Dekalkomanie se o obrazech, které básník vytvořil rok před jejich zbásněním a vydáním, dočteme, že se jednalo o umělecký popud „maniakální“, o dílo náhody, která však byla nutností, o surrealistickou hru s imaginací a dosud netušenou touhou a snem (Nezval 2012: 379). Dekalky jsou spolu s automatickým psaním, technikou frotáže nebo například fototypů neodmyslitelně spojeny se surrealismem a experimentálním obdobím třicátých let 20. století, dle André Bretona jsou dekalky oknem k nejkrásnějším krajinám a světům (Effenberger 1969: 56–57). Tuš rozlitá na hedvábný papír, pomalu rozpitá a obtisklá na druhý povrch, vytvořila natolik podmanivé nahodilé obrazce, že v básníkově mysli rozehrály celou řadu spontánních básnických obrazů, jež následně využil při psaní Absolutního hrobaře. Sedm z těchto dekalků bylo však natolik svérázných a suverénních, že se ve stejném zápalu pokusil o jejich verbální zpracování. Slovy autora samého jde o „slovní interpretaci“ obrazů, dekalků, které ho vyburcovaly k „aktivnímu a paranoickému myšlení“ (Nezval 2012: 399–400).

Early Sunday Morning. Efrastické básně Johna Stonea a Roye Scheelea

Author(s): Adam Vrchlabský / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ve své práci se pokusím analyzovat a porovnat dva ekfrastické texty od básníků Johna Stonea a Roye Scheelea, které reagují na obraz Edwarda Hoppera Early Sunday Morning. Nejprve se budu věnovat obrazu samotnému, dále průchodu vybranými básněmi a konečně srovnání obou básní.

Vybraná literatura k intermediální teorii

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

TRANSCENDENT EXPERIENCE OF ST. LAURA MONTOYA Y UPEGUI

Author(s): Monika Brezováková,Zuzana Civáňová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the life and written work of the Colombian Catholic mystic St. Laura Montoya y Upegui (1874–1949), known also as Mother Laura. The life of this mystic was marked by a mystical experience from her early childhood. In the work she left us, especially in her autobiography entitled History of the Mercies of God in a Soul [Historia de las misericordias de Dios en un alma], she tries to talk about her unique experience, although this task is not easy. She tends to speak about her mystical experience with God mainly through specific images of her own inner world. The aim of this study is to bring these images closer to the reader, analyse them and reconcile them with the aesthetic qualities of the narration, which helps to form more complete and complex image not only of the mystical experience, but also of the work by St. Laura.

PARADOX AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE INEXPRESSIBLE IN SEDULIUS’ PASCHAL SONG

Author(s): Róbert Horka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the middle of the Fifth century, a relatively mysterious Christian poet, Sedulius, wrote his epic composition named Paschal Song. In terms of contents, it is notably a description of Christ’s miracles according to the four Gospels. The poet is facing the reality of something that transcends the common human experience – according to what was defined by the Council of Ephesus and Chalcedon regarding the real divine and human nature of Christ. For such reason, even his poetical language is adapted, in order to describe something that contravenes common reality. A useful and suitable means for reaching this purpose is the frequently employed paradox. The reader/listener can get closer to the indescribable, unprecedented, and inexpressible mysterious nature of Christ. In this way, the author creates a very specific and elegant mystic – and his epic composition becomes a meditative text.

THE FIGURATIVENESS OF THE MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE IN ANGELA OF FOLIGNO

Author(s): Monika Šavelová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper explores the figurativeness of the language of the mystical experiences in the texts of Angela of Foligno. For this purpose, the prism of literary interpretation and analysis is utilised. The aim of this article is to define the main signs and specificities of Angela’s narration. The reflection on this theme also includes the research of possible similarities with other Christian mystical witnesses (Catherine of Siena, Teresa of Ávila, John of the Cross).

A PROBE INSIDE THE POETIC FORM OF MYSTICISM OF SLOVAK ROMANTIC MESSIANISTS

Author(s): Petra Kaizerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Slovak Romantic Messianism is perceived by us as a phenomenon growing from a specific current epochal situation relating to a relatively rich tradition, which existed in the Slovak cultural context already in previous historical periods. By considering the characteristic features of production, its existence was often relativised. Nevertheless, it represents an important testimony of a concrete epoch. Its artistic implementation (perhaps today more than in the past) is being well appreciated, thanks to its interesting form and to its expressive and narrative strength or value. By focusing our attention on its expressive and thematic means, it is possible to prove that the authors tried to mediate a mystical experience to the readers. As mystagogues, they introduced and initiated the readers to the mysteries of God’s plans aiming at transformation of this world. In this sense, through their literary production, they invoked and prayed God to give them a chance to live a direct mystic experience in the reality. By pursuing this purpose, they filled their poetry with curious archaisms and neologisms (the so-called self-creation of language). They gave way to a speculative etymologism and poetical forms. Generally, they were syncretically stylying poetical shapes. And they often exploited experiments or complex strophic structures.

THE POETICS OF RECONCILIATION IN FRENCH LITERARY WORK OF THE 20TH CENTURY. FROM MARIE NOËL TO SYLVIE GERMAIN

Author(s): Václava Bakešová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Because of the Holocaust, World War II is the focal point for capturing spiritual experience in the 20th-century literature. How did the transformation of French spiritual literature from the poet Marie Noël in the 1st half of the century to the novelist Sylvie Germain at its end come about? Using examples from their work, this paper shows both authors’ sources of inspiration and highlights the means of expressing spirituality of a person going through an inner struggle. Although the authors describe a dark night, both of them they have a desire to overcome it, to reconcile with God, with the world and with themselves.