We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The state monopoly on air frequencies first began to crack as early as 1990 and 1991 when the Council of Ministers consented on several occasions to license the experimental rebroadcasting of foreign radio stations, namely the Voice of America, Radio Free Europe (RFE), BBC, Radio France Internationale and Deutsche Welle on designated channels.
More...
Not withstanding the undeniable success of telecoms liberalisation in terms of price reduction, new services and technologies as well as consumer satisfaction, EU telecoms policy is at least a half failure. This might seem hard to believe, but we show in this Policy Brief that there is no such thing as an EU telecoms (or eComms) single market. We provide ample empirical economic and regulatory evidence of profound and lingering fragmentation as well as a brief assessment of the flaws of the third eComms package of 2009, now in force. Overcoming the fragmentation cannot but yield a considerable welfare improvement for the Union, which is exactly what a single market should be expected to deliver. Doing away with the flaws in the EU system requires a better institutional design. We wonder whether the regulatory (and competition policy) approach is really suitable for the Union and whether the fundamental conflict between the EU constitutional doctrine and the building of the single market (just as much a constitutional duty!) should not be resolved in novel ways.
More...
Nasilje u Bosni i Hercegovini postaje sve značajniji i prisutniji problem, naročito pojavom digitalnih medija. Internetsko nasilje ili popularno rečeno cyberbullying postaje gorući problem u bh. društvu. Pojava novih medija je nerijetko doprinijela prelasku konvencionalnih - tradicionalnih medija (elektronski, štampani i radio) u online medije, što povećava čitanost prateći nove trendove. Digitalizacijom medija promijenio se način informisanja krajnjih konzumenata/kinja medijskog sadržaja. Ova promjena je posebno uticala na mlade, jer oni najprije prihvataju i pristupaju novim tehnologijama. Dostupnost informacija putem različitih uređaja omogućila je krajnjim korisnicima/ama medijskog sadržaja da i oni/e postanu dijelom akteri/ke imajući mogućnost komentarisanja sadržaja koji se pojavljuje na portalima. Pristup informacijama, međusobna pisana interakcija, neotkrivanje identiteta, kreiranja stranica, blogova, te različitih profila, korisnicima/ama daje mnogo mogućnosti. Pojavom velike količine medijskog sadržaja na jednom mjestu daje se i mogućnost zloupotrebe informacija. Fenomen internetskog nasilja iz dana u dan postaje ozbiljan problem u bh. društvu, a s druge strane sistematsko rješenje u vidu edukacije, informisanja, upoznavanja o načinu konzumacije novih medija ne postoji. Sistem obrazovanja u školi se ne mijenja, te mladi još uvijek uče o značaju i pojavi tradicionalnih medija, ne izučavajući digitalne medije i način njihove upotrebe.
More...
If the seriousness of a given “emerging security threat” is measured by the number of recent analyses devoted to it or the proliferation of experts studying it, then cyberthreats must now surpass the dangers of offline terrorism and energy security. While all issues “cyber” attract a high level of policymaker attention, another threat seems to have been forgotten and marginalised: cyberterrorism. To an extent, the evolution of cyberterrorism mirrors that of “regular” terrorism, which erupted as the “weapon of the weak,” and after a state-sponsored phase seems to be returning to its sub-state or even “lone wolf” roots. Cyberthreats, on the other hand, originally of a sub-state nature, are now mostly in the domain of state entities that have not yet made the decision to launch state-sponsored cyberterrorism.
More...
The construction of fifth-generation (5G) mobile network technology is crucial to Germany's status as a leader of the global economy. Chinese firm Huawei has presented an offer that allows for the project to be completed rapidly and relatively cheaply. However, accepting or rejecting the Chinese company go beyond economic issues and could affect Germany’s security, its relations with the U.S., and EU policy towards China.
More...
Budowa sieci komórkowej piątej generacji (5G) jest kluczowa dla zachowania przez RFN statusu jednego z liderów globalnej gospodarki. Ofertę pozwalającą na szybką i korzystną finansowo realizację projektu przedstawiła firma Huawei. Skutki przyjęcia bądź odrzucenia propozycji chińskiego koncernu wykraczają poza kwestie gospodarcze: mogą mieć wpływ na bezpieczeństwo Niemiec, ich relacje z USA oraz politykę UE wobec Chin.
More...
The significance of Israel in China’s foreign policy is rising, especially as a source of modern technology in the IT sector and destination for infrastructure investment. The economic cooperation and political dialogue between China and Israel are also motivated by the protection of Chinese investment projects in, for example, Egypt and Iraq. China’s engagement in the Middle East could also translate in a reduction of activity in the European part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Enlargement of the Chinese military presence in the Middle East is also possible and could become a challenge for NATO.
More...
Rośnie znaczenie Izraela w polityce zagranicznej Chin, zwłaszcza jako źródła nowoczesnych technologii w IT czy lokalizacji inwestycji infrastrukturalnych. Współpraca gospodarcza i dialog polityczny ChRL z Izraelem są również motywowane zabezpieczeniem chińskich projektów inwestycyjnych w Egipcie czy Iraku. Zaangażowanie Chin w tym regionie może się przełożyć na mniejszą ich aktywność na europejskim odcinku Pasa i Szlaku. Możliwe jest także zwiększenie obecności wojskowej ChRL na Bliskim Wschodzie, co stanowiłoby wyzwanie dla NATO.
More...
The Russian authorities actively use the digital space to achieve foreign policy goals. On Russia’s initiative, the UN General Assembly adopted two new resolutions in the field of cybersecurity. The first concerns the rules of conduct of states on the internet and the second deals with cybercrime. They were adopted despite opposition from Western countries. Russia is trying to protect the Russian network against external influence. The aim of these activities is ensuring the stability of the internal political regime.
More...
Rosyjskie władze aktywnie wykorzystują przestrzeń cyfrową do realizacji celów polityki zagranicznej. Z inicjatywy Rosji Zgromadzenie Ogólne ONZ przyjęło dwie nowe rezolucje z zakresu cyberbezpieczeństwa. Pierwsza dotyczy zasad postępowania państw w internecie, druga – walki z cyberprzestępczością. Zostały one przegłosowane przy sprzeciwie państw zachodnich. Rosja stara się chronić rosyjską sieć internetową przed wpływami zewnętrznymi. Celem tych działań jest stabilność wewnętrznego reżimu politycznego.
More...
The mass-migration crisis exposed shortcomings in the use of electronic databases for border control and internal security in the EU. In response to these problems, the European Commission (EC) has initiated the modernisation of existing IT systems and the creation of new ones while aiming to ensure interoperability. The development of information systems will support the management of human migration flows in the EU, which should increase internal security. However, it also creates a number of challenges related to the protection of collected and processed data.
More...
Kryzys migracyjny odsłonił niedociągnięcia w wykorzystaniu elektronicznych baz danych dla potrzeb kontroli granic i ochrony bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w UE. W odpowiedzi na te problemy Komisja Europejska (KE) zainicjowała modernizację istniejących systemów informacyjnych oraz tworzenie nowych, dbając przy tym o ich interoperacyjność. Coraz szersze wykorzystanie systemów informacyjnych pozwoli lepiej zarządzać procesami migracyjnymi w UE, przyczyniając się do zwiększenia bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego. Rodzi jednak wyzwania związane z ochroną gromadzonych i przetwarzanych danych.
More...
Estonia's commitment to strengthening cybersecurity is a result of its experience as a victim of hacking. At the same time, Estonian authorities are consistently raising the country's informatisation level and lobbying for an effective digital single market in the EU. For Estonia, expertise in increasing cybersecurity has become the country’s unique brand, and the application of comprehensive and effective solutions means that it can be a model partner for Poland in digitisation and combating cyberthreats.
More...
Zaangażowanie Estonii we wzmocnienie cyberbezpieczeństwa jest wynikiem ataków hakerskich, jakich doświadczyła. Jednocześnie estońskie władze konsekwentnie podnoszą poziom cyfryzacji kraju oraz lobbują na rzecz efektywnego jednolitego rynku cyfrowego w UE. Dążenie Estonii do zwiększania cyberbezpieczeństwa stało się wręcz jej znakiem rozpoznawczym. Stosowanie przez nią kompleksowych i efektywnych rozwiązań sprawia, że może ona być dla Polski wzorcowym partnerem w cyfryzacji i zwalczaniu zagrożeń cybernetycznych.
More...
The cyberattack against Sony indicates the potential of cyberweapons, which could be used against critical infrastructure (CI) to undermine the stability of a country or even a whole region. To avoid such a scenario, governments and private companies have to advance coherent cybersecurity and defence standards. NATO and the EU should also take an important step towards interoperability by introducing standard operating procedures for computer emergency response teams (CERTs).
More...
Atak hakerów na firmę Sony ukazał słabość zabezpieczeń sieci komputerowych, od których może być uzależnione funkcjonowanie infrastruktury krytycznej, zapewniającej stabilność państw, a nawet całych regionów. Aby w przyszłości uniknąć ataków o znacznie poważniejszych skutkach, rządy i firmy prywatne muszą podjąć skoordynowane działania w celu wprowadzenia jednolitych standardów cyberbezpieczeństwa. NATO i UE powinny też jak najszybciej opracować wspólne procedury umożliwiające efektywną współpracę narodowych zespołów reagowania na zagrożenia teleinformatyczne (CERT).
More...
Da li ste znali da je insistiranje na poštovanju zakona u Srbiji protivzakonito i da vas može svrstati u red državnih neprijatelja? E pa, upravo to se desilo Dobrici Veselinoviću i Kseniji Radovanović, aktivistima inicijative Ne da(vi)mo Beograd, koji već sedam meseci istrajavaju u zahtevu da se utvrdi ko su pripadnici paravojne grupacije koja je u izbornoj noći 25. aprila pod fantomkama bagerima srušila 12 objekata u beogradskoj Hercegovačkoj ulici u Savamali, a nekako to premijer posprdno kaže – neke tri barake.
More...
U želji da ubrza kažnjavanje za nepostupanje po zdravstvenim propisima za vreme epidemije, Ministarstvo pravde je pokrenulo lavinu kojoj se ne nazire kraj. Naime, 26. marta Ministarstvo pravde je sudovima uputilo preporuku da prvostepene postupke protiv okrivljenih, za koje se sumnja da krše epidemiološke propise, sprovedu putem video linka. Drugim rečima, da prisustvo okrivljenog na suđenju zamene njegovim virtuelnim prisustvom.
More...
The Agency for Electronic Media (AEM) is regulatory body in charge for the area of audiovisual media services and exercising public authorities as per Electronic Media Law. The Law is positioning the AEM as independent from any organ of the public sector and from all legal and private entities dealing with production and broadcasting of radio and television programme or offering other audio-visual media services. It was established in 2003, after entry into force of the Broadcasting Law as the Agency for Broadcasting, and since 2010, i.e. since adoption of the Electronic Media Law, it continues to work under the name of Agency for Electronic Media. The founder of the AEM is state, and the founding rights on behalf of the state are exercised by the Council, in accordance with the Law. In addition to Council, the governing organ is also Director of AEM.
More...
Since the beginning of the latest hostilities with Russia, the Ukrainian authorities have been carrying out a coherent strategic communication aimed at their own citizens, Russian society, and the international community. Coherent communication builds social morale and has an impact on the policy of the countries supporting Ukraine. It is also an instrument in the fight against Russian disinformation. The importance of having effective tools of strategic communication is also growing in frontline states, such as Poland, which are exposed to disinformation and hybrid threats from Russia.
More...
