We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Macron, Merkel a České zájmy při reformě EU

Author(s): Jakub Eberle,Jan Kovář / Language(s): Czech

Reformní návrhy Emmanuela Macrona a Angely Merkel přináší řadu příležitostí prosadit české zájmy. Pokud se Praha nebude přehnaně soustředit na sporné otázky, otevírá se jí šance vyjednat řadu výhodných kompromisů. Česká republika by měla podpořit rozvoj společných evropských sil pro stabilizační vojenské operace, dokončení jednotného digitálního trhu a evropské investice do vědy, výzkumů a inovací. Všechny tyto oblasti jsou jednoznačně v jejím zájmu. Do společné azylové politiky by se ČR mohla zapojit podporou rozšíření mandátu Frontexu a zejména pak posílením své politiky rozvojové spolupráce.

More...

ROBOTROLLING 4/2018

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

This issue of Robotrolling examines users suspended by Twitter. Contrary to expectation, most of the accounts were human-controlled accounts rather than bots. Since 2017, the speed at which Twitter suspended misbehaving users has by two measures almost doubled. However, removals of Russian-language accounts have been considerably slower than for English. The speed of removal can be critical, for instance in the context of an election. The Latvian elections, conducted on 6 October 2018, passed with remarkably little Russian language activity about the NATO presence in the country. Our analyses show a movement in the past year away from automated manipulation to humans operating fake or disposable identities online. The figures published in this issue reflect the good work done to tackle bots, but show much work remains to tackle manipulation through fake human-controlled accounts. Bots created 46% of Russian-language messaging about the NATO presence in the Baltics and Poland. More than 50% of Russian-language messaging about Estonia this quarter came from automated accounts. Anonymous human-operated accounts posted 46% of all English-language messages about Poland, compared to 29% for the Baltic States. This discrepancy is both anomalous and persistent. Some of the messaging is probably artificial. We continue to publish measures of fake social activity in the hope that quantifying the problem will focus minds on solving it.

More...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. ROBOTROLLING 3/2019

Author(s): Belén Carrasco Rodríguez,John Gallagher,Rolf Fredheim / Language(s): English

In the period May—July 2019 bots accounted for 55% of all Russian-language messages on Twitter. This big increase in automated activity was largely driven by news-bots contributing to information effects around stories published by the Kremlin’s propaganda outlet, Sputnik. On VK, the bot presence also increased, and currently accounts for one quarter of all users. 17% of English language messaging was done by bots. Three military exercises were of particular interest for Russian-language bots on Twitter and VK: Spring Storm, Baltic Operations (BALTOPS), and Dragon-19. The level of Twitter activity during the month of July was less than half that observed for the period May–June. Having studied robotic activity for almost three years, we see a clear pattern: whenever a military exercise takes place, coverage by hostile pro-Kremlin media is systematically amplified by inauthentic accounts. In this issue of Robotrolling we take a closer look at how manipulation has changed during the period 2017–2019 in response to measures implemented by Twitter. Since 2017 bot activity has changed. Spam bots have given way to news bots—accounts promoting fringe or fake news outlets—and mention-trolls, which systematically direct messaging in support of pro-Kremlin voices and in opposition to its critics. We present an innovative case study measuring the impact political social media manipulation has on online conversations. Analysis of Russian Internet Research Agency posts to the platform Reddit shows that manipulation caused a short-term increase in the number of identity attacks by other users, as well as a longer-term increase in the toxicity of conversations.

More...

0.00 €

№32: The Unexploited Potential of Poland’s Cooperation with Taiwan

Author(s): Justyna Szczudlik-Tatar / Language(s): English

Taiwan, with its economy based on high technology and innovation and home to global IT companies which are among the world’s largest electronics manufacturers, should be an attractive economic partner for Poland. But the distance, limited channels of communication, lack of knowledge of each other, differences in economic development, and market access barriers in Taiwan make bilateral cooperation occasional and not intensive. A recent improvement in cooperation as a result of Taiwan’s decision to open its market to Polish pork and prospects for signing an avoidance-of-double-taxation agreement should be used as a good basis for deepening bilateral cooperation. What is more, better Cross-Strait relations create a chance for Poland to improve its economic presence in mainland China through closer cooperation with Taiwanese companies.

More...

0.00 €

Czech Republic on the Challenges in Cooperation with China

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): English

Contrary to the pro-China stance of Czech President Miloš Zeman, the government of Andrej Babiš is withdrawing from tightening political relations with China. This is due to disappointment in economic cooperation, the sense of a cyberthreat, and intensification of relations with the U.S. It is in EU countries’ interest to support Union initiatives strengthening the common position towards China, such as the monitoring mechanism of foreign investment or implementation of recommendations by the European Commission (EC) regarding fifth-generation mobile technology (5G).

More...

0.00 €

Czechy wobec wyzwań we współpracy z Chinami

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): Polish

Wbrew prochińskiemu stanowisku prezydenta Miloša Zemana rząd Andreja Babiša wycofuje się z zacieśniania stosunków politycznych z Chinami. Wynika to z rozczarowania współpracą gospodarczą, poczucia zagrożenia cybernetycznego oraz intensyfikacji relacji z USA. We wspólnym interesie państw UE leży wspieranie unijnych inicjatyw wzmacniających wspólną pozycję wobec Chin, takich jak np. mechanizm monitorowania inwestycji zagranicznych czy realizacja zaleceń Komisji Europejskiej dotyczących technologii mobilnych piątej generacji (5G).

More...

0.00 €

The EU’s Position on the Development of Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Marta Makowska / Language(s): English

The United States and China are competing for the position of world leader in the field of artificial intelligence solutions, and the European Union is lagging behind. Ongoing work on the EU strategy in this field is aimed at harmonising the activities of individual Member States. EU legal and ethics regulations (protection of consumer rights and anti-discrimination regulations) and the non-commercial use of artificial intelligence (especially in medicine) will be important. The EU should also support all Member States in the development of digital technologies.

More...

0.00 €

UE wobec rozwoju sztucznej inteligencji

Author(s): Marta Makowska / Language(s): Polish

Stany Zjednoczone i Chiny konkurują o pozycję światowego lidera rozwiązań z zakresu sztucznej inteligencji. Nowy wyścig technologiczny pozostawia Unię Europejską w tyle. Trwające obecnie prace nad unijną strategią w tej branży mają na celu harmonizację działań poszczególnych państw. Istotne będą unijne regulacje w sferze etyki i prawa (ochrony praw konsumenta, regulacji antydyskryminacyjnych) oraz niekomercyjnego wykorzystania sztucznej inteligencji (zwłaszcza w medycynie). UE powinna też wspierać wszystkie państwa w rozwoju technik cyfrowych.

More...

0.00 €

The Digital Dimension of the Three Seas Initiative

Author(s): Bartosz Wiśniewski / Language(s): English

Expansion of digital infrastructure is one of the three pillars of the Three Seas Initiative (TSI). So far, the TSI’s digital dimension has been less elaborate than the goal of enhancing energy and transport infrastructure. Yet, without closing the digital development gaps, the TSI will struggle to make the most of the EU’s emerging digital single market. Placing greater emphasis on the enhancement of digital infrastructure could convince those TSI countries that have thus far seemed to stand on the sidelines to become more involved the project in the future.

More...

0.00 €

Wymiar cyfrowy Inicjatywy Trójmorza

Author(s): Bartosz Wiśniewski / Language(s): Polish

Rozbudowa infrastruktury cyfrowej to jeden z trzech filarów Inicjatywy Trójmorza (Three Seas Initiative, TSI). Jest on jak dotąd mniej skonkretyzowany niż plany wzmocnienia połączeń energetycznych oraz transportowych. Bez wyeliminowania luk w cyfrowym rozwoju regionu państwa Trójmorza nie sięgną po możliwości powstającego w Unii Europejskiej jednolitego rynku cyfrowego. Położenie większego nacisku na rozbudowę infrastruktury cyfrowej może też skłonić do zaangażowania w jej rozwój tych z państw TSI, które dotąd przyjmowały wobec niej raczej pasywną postawę.

More...

0.00 €

Digitalisation in China: Transformation of the Economy and Social Engineering

Author(s): Marcin Przychodniak / Language(s): English

Chinese authorities promote and finance projects focused on artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and mobile payments at scale. They define digitalisation as an element of the modernisation of the economy, including Chinese companies’ drive to achieve global competitive advantages, to be followed by achieving a leading international position in digital technology. Digitalisation, and especially AI, also will become a tool in the country’s system of control and evaluation of citizens. The achievement of these premises—according to Chinese government plans they should be reached by 2030—will be difficult, in part because of a lack of qualified personnel.

More...

0.00 €

Cyfryzacja w ChRL: transformacja gospodarki i inżynieria społeczna

Author(s): Marcin Przychodniak / Language(s): Polish

Władze ChRL na szeroką skalę promują i finansują projekty dotyczące sztucznej inteligencji (AI), big data czy płatności mobilnych. Traktują cyfryzację jako element modernizacji gospodarki, dążenia do uzyskania przez firmy chińskie przewagi konkurencyjnej, a co za tym idzie – czołowej pozycji międzynarodowej. Cyfryzacja, a zwłaszcza technologia sztucznej inteligencji, ma być narzędziem budowy systemu kontroli i oceny obywateli. Realizację tych założeń do 2030 r. – zgodnie z planami władz ChRL – utrudni jednak m.in. brak wykwalifikowanej kadry.

More...

0.00 €

BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 138, god. VIII, Beograd, utorak, 20. avgust 2013.

Author(s): Branislav Jakovljević,Saša Ćirić,Vesna Rakić-Vodinelić,Predrag Lucić,Mileta Mijatović / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian

MIXER, Branislav Jakovljević: Legitimizacija ćutanjem i veseljem; CEMENT, Saša Ćirić: Teror pohlepe protiv terora straha; ARMATURA, Vesna Rakić-Vodinelić: Nove političke stranke - nove opcije ili samo popunjavanje političkog prostora?; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Predrag Lucić: Geni, geni Coheni; BLOK BR. V, Mileta Mijatović i Johanna Marcade: Čopor

More...

0.00 €

Viitorul limbii romani: către o politică a pluralismului lingvistic

Author(s): Yaron Matras / Language(s): Romanian

The past decade has seen the emergence of linguistic pluralism in the use of Romani in institutions such as media and education: language codification is primarily regional, targeting a regional audience. Regional initiatives are autonomous and implement their own solutions. At the same time, an international network of Romani language codification activities is emerging - through meetings, correspondence, exchange of publications, and via the internet. The question facing agencies engaged in language policy is how to pursue networking and international collaboration, while taking into account the de-centralised achievements of the past decade. The practical way forward is to adopt linguistic pluralism as a policy: to support regional initiative and creativity, while also strengthening international networking efforts and exchange. Collective ownership of language will thus encompass a web of language varieties, and not just one single form of the language. Such a policy fits the specific Romani situation of a trans-national minority with dispersed, regional centres of cultural and public life. It is also suitable for the young generation of language users, who are accustomed to trial & error, individual creativity and flexibility in their use of written language in new communication technologies such as text-messages, internet chat-rooms and email.

More...

0.00 €

ROBOTROLLING 2/2021

Author(s): Rolf Fredheim / Language(s): English

In this edition of Robotrolling we track the most significant increase in inauthentic Russian-language social media activity we have observed since we began in 2017. While the level of bot activity remains much lower than four years ago, the uptick is concerning. The increased activity coincided with the spring and summer military exercise season, and the period running up to the Russian Federation’s Zapad exercises, scheduled for September 2021. While fake activity increased in the Russian-language space, we observed no increase in English-language activity, either from bots or from human-controlled accounts. In this edition of Robotrolling, we introduce the Global Database of Events Location and Tone (GDELT). This database of news articles helps map how the conversation about NATO in Poland and the Baltics is covered by news media, and serves as a contrast to the environment observed on Twitter and VK. This contrast reveals that in April 2021—as Russian troops mobilized along the Ukrainian border—inauthentic Russian accounts were also disproportionately active online. We round off the issue with a discussion of how AI can help us better understand the global news environment in near-real time, based on conversations with StratCom COE expert Gundars Bergmanis-Korāts and GDELT-founder Kalev Leetaru.

More...

0.00 €

ROBOTROLLING 1/2022

Author(s): Rolf Fredheim,Martha Stolze / Language(s): English

In this edition of Robotrolling, we trace messaging about the build-up to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Since the illegal annexation of Crimea, there has been an expectation that kinetic activity would be preceded by large-scale information activities. We assess that the period from August 2021 to 20 February 2022 saw an increase in elite statements (and troop movements) unmatched by fake pro-Kremlin social media activity. This may reflect a top-down communication hierarchy, wherein lower echelons either received little guidance, or the guidance was to be silent. The volumes of automated activity were too low to offer any reliable signal of the looming invasion. In February 2022, pro-Kremlin channels and accounts amplified the narrative that the “genocide” of Russian-speakers in the Donbas justified intervention. Our analysis shows that this narrative’s traction was attributable to statements by Putin personally, not online propaganda channels. The comparative absence of pro-Kremlin activity on Twitter, combined with increased activity on VKontakte, suggests that Kremlin propagandists prioritised domestic audiences. On Twitter, the increase in Russian-language tweets about NATO was overwhelmingly driven by anti-Kremlin and pro-Ukrainian messaging. The share of automated messages on Twitter and VK about the Baltic states, Poland and NATO dropped, amidst greatly increased overall traffic. Bots accounted for 30% of Russian language and 12% of English-language messages on Twitter; and for 15% of messages about the region on VK. In February 2022, the number of English tweets was seven times higher than Russian tweets.

More...

0.00 €

Virtual Manipulation Brief: Russia's Struggle to Circumvent Sanctions and Communicate Its War Against Ukraine

Author(s): Rolf Fredheim,Martha Stolze / Language(s): English

In this first issue of the Virtual Manipulation Brief, we zoom in on the Russian language conversation, and how it changed as a result of the decision to invade Ukraine. Sanctions hindered the Kremlin’s messaging on Western platforms, while the focus on domestic audiences pulled many propagandists to Telegram, VKontakte, and RuTube. The number of Russian Telegram users has increased by two-thirds, while four in five users of Facebook and Instagram have left Meta’s platforms. The increase in users understates the importance of Telegram. It acts as a reliable hub, where pro-regime voices can post (almost) without fear of platform censorship. Kremlin propagandist Margarita Simonyan’s social media posting patterns reveal how communication has adapted following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. In response to sanctions, she, together with many journalists working for RT and Sputnik, moved to posting through Telegram. Telegram posts are automatically cross-posted to her Western platforms, meaning the messaging continues to flow at little or no extra effort. This method has the added benefit of evading attempts by Twitter to prevent the amplification of RT content. Such use of automation means the Kremlin’s messaging will not disappear on Western platforms, even when domestic audiences are the primary focus. The comparison of Russian-language messaging about NATO on VKontakte and Twitter shows how this combination of push and pull factors has dramatically altered the Kremlin’s reach. We estimate that the relative reach of pro-Kremlin messaging on VKontakte in March 2022 was a hundred times more than normal, compared to Twitter. The Virtual Manipulation Brief builds on our Robotrolling reports, tracking how Russian bots and trolls manipulate the flow of information online. It expands the area of focus beyond the conversation about NATO to Russia’s war against Ukraine. And it will look beyond Twitter and VKontakte to track how antagonists use other social media platforms to disinform the public. In this issue, we start by examining how social media usage in Russia changed since February. A comparison of heavily amplified content about NATO on Twitter and VKontakte exposes the Kremlin’s waning ability to control conversations on Western platforms. Finally, we show how the Kremlin propagandist Margarita Simonyan moved her communication to Telegram to evade sanctions directed at RT.

More...

0.00 €

Digitisation in Romania accelerates during the pandemic

Author(s): Kamil Całus / Language(s): English

Romania stands out as having one of the EU’s least developed systems of online public services, which contrasts with its extensive telecommunications infrastructure offering very fast and cheap access to the network. This is due both to the policy of the governments, which until 2019 did not show much interest in the digitisation process of the country or failed to propose a comprehensive programme for its implementation, and to the resistance of the public, who were distrustful of the e-government solutions offered. However, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to a breakthrough: on one hand, it spurred the authorities to introduce legal changes and deploy new technological solutions that had hitherto been postponed, and on the other, it forced Romanian society to use public digital services.

More...

0.00 €

Tightening the screws. Putin’s repressive laws

Author(s): Maria Domańska / Language(s): English

In December 2020, President Vladimir Putin signed a package of laws tightening regulations on non-governmental organisations, public gatherings and media censorship. It is one of the elements marking a new quality in the Kremlin’s domestic policy: Russian authoritarianism has de facto abandoned the pretence of democratic procedures in favour of increased control and repression.

More...

0.00 €

Protection of Digital Platform Workers in the EU

Author(s): Marta Makowska / Language(s): English

The European Commission (EC) has proposed a directive that provides protection of people performing work for digital platforms, especially in professions that do not require specialist qualifications. If the proposal is accepted in the shape presented by the EC, it will be a breakthrough solution on a global scale that adjusts labour law to the challenges of the digital economy. It will also strengthen the EU’s position in relations with platforms.

More...