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Business and Corporate Social Responsibility

Author(s): Luis Felipe MARTÍ-BORBOLLA,Francisco Ortiz-Arango / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2016

The article presents the results of the research regarding selected aspects of ICT in Polish households in statistics for the years 2010-2014. Particular attention was paid to the number of households possessing computer devices, Internetaccess as well as to the number of people who regularly use computers. What is more, the paper presents the percentage of Polish households which have broadband Internet access as well as the degree to which individuals use e-government services to search for information, download and send filled forms. The results are compared to the EU-28 average for theselected period of time and to other EU countries in which the above mentioned indices reach the highest and the lowest levels.

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Etyka w biznesie

Author(s): Aleksandra Brodecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXVI/2016

Contemporary legal discourse is associated with the concept of natural law in the versionproposed by Leo L. Fuller that is “the morality of law”. His concept grew out againstthe criticism of the views of Herbert L. L. Hart presented in the article “Positivism and Separation of Law and Morals” published in the Harvard Law Review. The debate Hart v. Fuller has an impact on the discussion about law and ethics in the context of the “democratic state ruled by law” (implementing the principle of social justice) and the “business” (implemented in line with the concept of rational economic order). Philosophical considerationshave been supplemented by a general reflection on the social responsibility ofbusiness, business ethics, the ethical values of contracts and the ethics of legal professions.

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Parametric Characteristics of Conflict of Interests between Owners and Managers in Corporations

Author(s): Irina Alekseevna Bondarenko,Olga Georgievna Vandina,Elvira Antsasovna Rusetskaya,Konstantin Karenovich CHARAKHCHYAN / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

Institutional analysis of the essence of the corporate conflict from the standpoint of its structure and composition of its participants made it possible to proceed to a new paradigm of the correlation of the characteristics of the given conflict: parametric and non parametric. The novelty of distinguishing the ‘parametric characteristics’ of the conflict of interests is that methodologically this technique allows us to separate the personal and professional interests of owners – managers and shareholders -owners; these interests contradict each other and are realized only to the detriment of one of them. Thus, parametric characteristics enable management to ‘split’ these interests at different levels of corporate governance, giving opportunity to realize them in some cases and depriving such an opportunity in other cases. In this regard, there is a problem that has not been resolved in Russian corporate law for a long time: the role of the audit commission as an internal control body. The conflict of interests between owners and managers and the ways of its resolution are of particular relevance in the conditions of need for a systematic improvement of efficiency of corporate governance. The article is devoted to study of the nature of aggregate corporate conflicts in terms of preventing or mitigating them at least.

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Wpływ społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu na funkcjonowanie firm

Author(s): Beata Glinkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2017

This paper presents the concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) from the perspectiveof contemporary approach. Also shows the relationship the idea of a socially responsible company with its organizational culture. The main attention was concentrated on the advantages and disadvantagesof social commitment of companies for their operation and the role of CSR in shapingthe image of companies, also: on the state of consciousness of entrepreneurs in terms understanding the principles of CSR. Attention is also focused on the need to build through managers, the properculture of the organization.

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The evolution of concepts and procedures concerning the treatment of companies in difficulty

Author(s): Silviu Saplacan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

A healthy market economy is characterized by free and rapid circulation of goods and money in a circuit that continuously repeats: production-goods-money-production. In this cycle, the commerce is the motor of market economy, but the commerce freedom has given rise to competition, and this has generated commercial risk. Thus, commerce appears as an economic activity involving more or less predictable risk. Under risk an economic activity may be bankrupt when it no longer ensures procurement of necessary funds to resume the initial cycle. In general, a business failure comes after a process of continuous degradation of its economic and financial status, process predictable based on anticipated failure symptoms. Whereas in the past 20 years the issue of bankruptcy was the area of interest to many researchers and practitioners and has been addressed legally, economically and financially, we wonder why in an economy where the operators’ inability of payment is chronic, and clearly the capital of the companies decreases, their managers and clients prosper and nobody is punished for fraudulent bankruptcy.

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Wokół społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu: geneza, istota, zastrzeżenia

Author(s): Aniela Dylus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The article discusses the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR. Its origin, nature and inherent potential are discussed, as well as objections and doubts posed against it. The article tries to provide a response to them. The dispute concerns moral subjectivity (and responsibility) of the enterprise. CSR is imputed to serve mainly in order to “clean the image” and its promoters are said to practice the “strategy of hypocrisy”. Some questions to CSR arise repeatedly. Utilitarian reasons for its implementation raise doubts as to whether it presents a morally good action. On the other hand, in connection with iuridisation and standardisation of moral standards the question of whether CSR is a voluntary activity is posed. Finally, there is a consideration of an issue of whether a private entity can generate public goods and whether the social activity of the company is democratically legitimised.

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Die Gewinnmaximierung aus der Sicht der Ethik

Author(s): Hermann Witte / Language(s): German Issue: 12/2016

Pure competition profit maximization is a good and necessary strategy to run an enterprise without loss, and to keep it in the market. Incomplete competition or workable competition profit maximization is not an acceptable strategy. Increasing and constant prices profit maximizations is never-ending. Only decreasing prices profit maximizations lead analogously in pure competition to the ‘break-even-point’. At this point, an enterprise covers the cost. An enterprise has no loss and no profit. Now, it is clear why enterprises in practice have such a great interest in advancing prices and decreasing wages. In the minimum enterprises, wages increase less than prices. These measures are optimal in combination with maximizing profits. The consequences of profit maximization are not only increasing prices and not proportional increasing (real decreasing) wages, but also closed down enterprises, people losing their jobs, capital concentration, increasing private and national debt, people becoming poor, etc. An economic situation beneath human dignity is growing up. The human dignity is irreproachable, as well as freedom and security are fixed as human rights in a great number of constitutions. But it is impossible to secure these rights for all people under the rule of profit maximization. The human rights, which are established for ethical reasons, are reproachable. The actual policy tries to solve this situation by requiring saving. But it is impossible. The only successful way is to secure economic equilibriums and economic sustainability. It is the aim which a great number of states imposed on themselves by signing the Agenda 21 a long time ago.

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Wpływ konsumentów na rozwój społecznej odpowiedzialności przedsiębiorstw

Author(s): Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The concept of corporate social responsibility in the contemporary world becomes more and more popular. Its fundamental element is the theory of stakeholders. Among the enterprise’s stakeholders, the key role is played by consumers. Having this in mind, the author took as the aim of her considerations presentation of the impact of consumers’ attitudes, behaviours and choices on the development of corporate social responsibility and on the growth of importance of social responsibility in their environment. In her article, the author put the thesis that consumers are the key group of enterprises’ stakeholders who through aware, responsible consumption substantially affects their functioning, inter alia, stimulating them to undertake actions compliant with the concept of corporate social responsibility. In her study, she used the subject literature as well as secondary data from the carried out research in the area of the problems in question.

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Role of CSR reporting. Evidence from Poland

Author(s): Magdalena Wójcik-Jurkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 94/2017

The paper addresses the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting. The concept of CSR reporting is increasingly being discussed among practitioners and academics. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the trends of CSR reporting in Poland and to try to implement them in WIG 30 companies. The research confirmed the existing information chaos in these disclosures of socially responsible issues in various reports. An analysis of domestic and foreign literature has been performed which pointed to the multidimensionality of actions taken by companies in the context of CSR reporting. The research points to the need to apply standards regarding the disclosure of non-financial information in the form of reports for public limited companies.

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Społeczna odpowiedzialność przedsiębiorstw działających na rynkach międzynarodowych na przykładzie KGHM Polska Miedź SA

Author(s): Agnieszka Mikucka-Kowalczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

Companies from the twenty-first century have to comply with altering rules for business activity resulting from globalising economy. Thus, they search for the solutions enabling their operation in more and more difficult and dynamically changing environment. At the same time, the occurrence and the increased importance of socially responsible actions demand closer insight into the effects of activities oriented on the “human face of globalisation”. KGHM is a global company and is opened for new ways of development. Its presence in many countries, on various continents, makes it possible the company influences the wellbeing of societies, regions and even countries, thus the realisation of the demand of ethical and equitable globalisation.

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Jak odpowiedzialny biznes może niwelować nierówności dochodowe społeczeństwa

Author(s): Marta Romanow / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

Diminishing economic disparities of households is considered to be one of the biggest challenges in the twenty-first century. This article attempts to present the social consequences of asymmetric stratification of incomes. At the same time, it indicates the declining role of the state in influencing the economic sphere of the country in favour of the dominant forces of large international companies. The aim of the following article is an attempt to prove that business has a real driving force in reducing the prevalence of these disparities of incomes, if their strategy undertakes socially responsible activities.

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Moralna ekonomia - homo oeconomicus jako istota pomagająca innym

Author(s): Aleksander Ostapiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

Since the marginal revolution, economics has been moving away from ethics. Focusing on the activities of man, not on his motives, resulted in the simplification of man to an eternal maximiser of utility. The article shows problems arising from present human nature, as the struggle between altruism and selfishness. A man shows consideration for others but there are a lot of factors that make them give up help. These problems can be seen on the example of hundreds of millions of starving people who live in the world. In the article efficient altruism is used to show human problems with reason and emotions which make people give up help, even though they want to do so. The ideas of Adam Smith – a moral philosopher − are used to put the nature of man into perspective and to show how many mechanisms the human nature consists of that make them take into account others and do it not for personal gain but because they are moral beings.

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Partner Capabilities and Alliance Time Frame: An Analysis of International Strategic Alliances from the CEE

Author(s): S. Hossein Jalali / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Partner selection is one of the most discussed issues in strategic alliances literature. However, the majority of research has typically focused on generic partner characteristics and presented conceptual models for alliance partner selection, addressing clan image but only limited pieces of the partner selection puzzle. Rooted in the resource-based view, this paper suggests that partner selection is contingent upon the intended time frame of strategic alliances and presents a new and intensive conceptual framework that examines the appropriate partner capability for strategic alliances, in the case of short/medium-term alliances and long-term ones. Based on empirical evidences from 736 alliances in the CEE region, the findings stress the differences between varied partner capabilities in short/medium-term and long-term alliances. Accordingly, the significance of technological capability increases with the number of year's alliances endured. Moreover, the importance of market capability decreases significantly when alliances last for a longer time frame.

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ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ И ТРУДОВ МАНТАЛИТЕТ НА УКРАИНЦИТЕ

Author(s): Natalia Nilova,Katya Martynenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The article analyzes the features of the Ukrainian economic and labor mentality, reflects the main trends of transformation and studies the problems of adapting the working mentality of the Ukrainian population to market conditions.

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ЕФЕКТИВНО ЛИДЕРСТВО

Author(s): Vasko Stamevski,Elizabeta Stamevska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Effective leadership is a crucial attribute that many managers lack despite their job title. True leaders are able to instill trust, provide direction, and delegate responsibility amongst team members. Effective leaders create results, attain goals, realize mission, and other objectives more quickly and at a higher level of quality.They generate higher productivity, lower costs, and more opportunities than others.Effective leaders are persons with a passion for a cause that is larger than they are. Someone with a dream and a vision that will better society, or at least, some portion of it. They encouragea high-performance mindset while creating a culture whose foundation promotes teamwork and competitiveness for the betterment of a whole.

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КОМУНИКАЦИЯТА КАТО УПРАВЛЕНСКИ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ЗА ПРОЦЕСИТЕ В ОРГАНИЗАЦИИТЕ

Author(s): Anita Kyurova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Managers have to be able to communicate effectively in organizations among many different functions. Managerial abilities depend on a great extend to how leaders perform communication practices within the organizations. Organizational success to a large scale is connected with horizontal or vertical communication. Thus, communication is seen as a tool to convey messages and at the same time as a tool that provokes organizational change. Not only can the lack of communication prevent an organization from achieving its business goals but also not appropriately addressing the employees as well. Last but not least, organizations are expected to improve their communication flows. Taking these main issues into account, the presented work outlines the role communication plays in organizations. The crucial ability to transmit messages taken out of business purposes is a central focus viewed not only in the present paper but it is expected to become more and more influential, as it can be further seen through social communication, communicative values and communicative practices in organizations.

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Modeli i značaj korporativnog upravljanja u procesu približavanja Bosne i Hercegovine Evropskoj uniji

Author(s): Semir Fejzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

An effective system of corporate governance is considered a key element of sustainable economic growth, increased efficiency and growth of investor confidence. In addition, well corporate governance ensures an efficient use of societal resources and leads to better relations with workers, creditors and other interested parties. This paper endeavours to show the significance and basic concepts of corporate governance, OECD principles, as well as the monistic and dualistic model of corporate governance together with examples from the EU Member States. All the countries committed to EU accession are also expected to implement structural reforms of their legal, political and economic systems. This paper further emphasises reform processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the importance of establishing a modern and efficient corporate governance system, as the foundation for development of efficient and stable market economy and clear indication of approximation of BiH legislation to the EU law and practice in this area. The establishment of a modern corporate management system in the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina is of crucial importance for its development in the future. This paper also presents individual measures which Bosnia and Herzegovina needs to undertake in order to improve corporate sector as well to fulfil requirements on its path towards the European Union.

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„Srebrna gospodarka” w kontekście społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu

Author(s): Monika Szewczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Corporate social responsibility is a concept responding to the climate change, environmental problems and the needs of stakeholders. Business makes an effort to act in the changing conditions, thus adapting to the expectations of the stake holders and following the principles of sustainable economic development and social responsibility. One of the changes taking place in the current economic and social world is the change in the demographic structure of the population. The subject of aging population is being discussed, usually as a negative aspect in the context of changes in the pension system, health care costs or conditions of employment of older people. The principles of corporate social responsibility, such associal inclusion, anti-discrimination and facilitating access to products and services create the basis for the development of the economy, focused on the use of purchasing potential of older people. Thus, the perception of the demographic changes in this context becomes the ground for the formation of perspective solutions and development of the silver economy. This model of the economy can be understood as a system, which is based on adapting the production and distribution of products and services to older people. The main aim of this article is to present the challenges for companies in terms of the problems connected with an aging population, as well as to present the main features of the concept of the silver economy in the context of corporate social responsibility. Moreover, considering the development of the silver economy, there should be taken into account the characteristics of older people as consumers. In this context, there area lot of stereotypes associated with the activity of the elderly. The article also notes the profile of potential customers of the silver economy, with a particular emphasis on the approach of the elderly to innovation, tradition and a widely understood sense of security.

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Powołanie inspektora ochrony danych jako przejaw społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu

Author(s): Arleta Nerka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The reform of the EU’s personal data protection regulations introduces the institution of the Data Protection Officer, assigning it a key role in the new personal data protection system thereto. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC, builds the personal data protection model, wherein the main responsibility for adequate assessment of the risk associated with the processing of personal data and for the implementation of internal procedures to assure compliance of the referenced operations with the personal data protection regulations rests with a database administrator. Simultaneously, a database administrator should be capable of proving that he/she has duly met the requirements under the regulations, thus following the crucial rule for the processing of personal data, i.e. data accountability. The EU regulations describe the means and mechanisms to be used by a data processor to a lesser extent than those in force hitherto, focusing more on ensuring the standard of the protection of individual rights through data controllers' ethical and responsible activities. The key part in the new personal data protection model will be played by the institution of the Data Protection Officer, intended to become a real guarantor of due observance of the personal data protection regulations. In this context, the appointment of the Data Protection Officer by database administrators, not bound to do so by law, should be judged a sign of the organization's corporate social responsibility for the impact of its decisions and activities on society through transparent and ethical conduct. It is therefore essential to emphasize the important function to be performed, the authority to be had, and the necessary preparatory action to be taken by the Data Protection Officer to that effect. The new regulations should be regarded as a chance to professionalize both the individuals, serving as information security officers and, in the near future, the data controllers, as well as the entire occupational group.

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Działalność niemieckich przedsiębiorstw sportowych (piłkarskich) a społeczna odpowiedzialność biznesu

Author(s): Artur Grabowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s a new economic doctrine called ordoliberalism was born in Germany. The foundations of this doctrine were values such as responsibility, solidarity, justice, and freedom. Classics of ordoliberalism formulated a number of recommendations and requirements for businesses in their writings. One of them was the public responsibility, which had the private-economic and socio-economic nature. In Germany sports’ (football) enterprises functioning in the form of companies and associations are participants in the sports-economic competition in the two professional leagues (1.Bundesliga and 2.Bundesliga). At the same time sports enterprises pursue different aims: among the economic goals, there are also the social goals. In the structures of sports enterprises there are several departments dealing with CSR and implementation of partnership projects. The article concludes that 1) the constitutive elements of ordoliberalism had an influence on the functioning of sports (football) enterprises in Germany, 2) the projects realized under the social responsibility rule that were undertaken by sports companies were strongly related to sports education, environmental protection, and social exclusion.

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