VI. Малоазийските сектантски формирования (казълбаши, тахтаджи и др. )
This article represent textual part of the book of Franz Babinger "Sheikh Bedreddin, the son of the judge from Simav" (translation by the editor).
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This article represent textual part of the book of Franz Babinger "Sheikh Bedreddin, the son of the judge from Simav" (translation by the editor).
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Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739–1799) has been remembered in history of music in the 18th century as a significant contributor in developing singspiel (comic opera) genre and as a composer famous among double bass players because of two double bass concertos. But recent studies brought to the fore information about a variety of his instrumental music. Between the others, there are more than 120 symphonies. This paper is a report-attempt about present condition of extant Dittersdorf symphonies’ manuscripts, preserved in the contemporary Polish area. There are nine archives and libraries mentioned, where these manuscripts are stored. The richest collection of Dittersdorf’s symphonies is located in Pauline Monastery Archive in Jasna Góra in Częstochowa (PL-CZ), where seventeen manuscripts are stored. All of them preserved in good condition, arisen in last quarter of the 18th century. Other manuscripts we can find in: Archive of Polish Dominicans Province in Kraków (PL-Kd), Cistercian Abbey in Kraków-Mogiła (PL-MO), Benedictine Abbey in Krzeszów/Grüssau (PL-KRZ), Library of Theological Faculty of Opole University (PL-OPsm), Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań (PL-Pa Muz MM), Diocesan Library in Sandomierz (PL-SA) and Special Collections Department of Wrocław University Library (PL-WRu). There is also a piece of information about the manuscript from Pilica (PL-PIk), presumably lost in recent time, which was one of very few examples Dittersdorf’s manuscripts written in the 19th century.
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The article describes the group of seventeen early English prints from the second half of the 17th century. The prints are part of the collection of the former Preußische Staatsbibliothek in Berlin kept in The Jagiellonian University and contain ayres and religious songs. Fourteen of them were published by John and Henry Playford. The first part of the paper shows the biographies of the publishers and brings the state of research on their work. The second part includes the detailed description of the seventeen of early English prints. The final part presents the content of the prints and biographies of its most important composers.
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Ich möchte erklären, warum ich mich während des Untersuchungsverfahrens nicht verteidigt habe. Ich habe so gehandelt, weil ich der Meinung war, daß es zwecklos ist, da es für alle — den Staatssicherheitsdienst, den Staatsanwalt, den Untersuchungsrichter, die politischen Verantwortlichen und die breiteste Öffentlichkeit — klar ist, daß wir sechs in dieser Angelegenheit völlig bedeutungslos sind.
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The study addresses the organizational and status-related aspects of the card file and archive of State Security during the period 1950–1954. It explores the structural and functional developments within the sections and departments directly associated with these components. The analysis encompasses internal normative documents governing the entire document life cycle, from compilation and registration to circulation, archiving for operational use, and historical archiving. The essay emphasizes the significance of this archival complex as a repository of retrospective documentary information and a foundational source for researchers.
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The prevailing consensus among scholars regarding the history of the Eastern Roman Empire asserts that the term “Byzantium” did not function as the name of the state until the mid-16th century. It is widely acknowledged that this designation, along with “Byzantine Empire”, was first introduced by the German historian and humanist Hieronymus Wolf in his “Corpus Historiae Byzantinae” in 1557. Some scholars go further to suggest that these terms were entirely coined in the 16th century. In recent years, the same information, perceived as an axiom, has been reproduced by professional historians and amateurs alike on television, in newspapers, or through social networks. However, the author of this study challenges this established view, contending that historical sources from both the Early and High Middle Ages, centuries prior to the Modern Age, contain references to “Byzantium”, sometimes even as name for the Eastern Roman Empire. This thesis contradicts the commonly held belief and invites a reexamination of the terminology used to describe this influential historical entity.
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The Jewish Museum in Prague is actively collecting memories from Holocaust survivors, resistance members, and witnesses. The document lists annotated memoirs, detailing individuals' experiences such as deportation to concentration camps like Auschwitz, involvement in the resistance movement, and post-war lives. Many survivors emigrated, joined armies, or participated in underground activities. The accounts include escapes, internment, and life in mixed marriages during the war. Post-liberation, some individuals moved to countries like Israel or the USA, while others returned to Czechoslovakia or engaged in educational work.
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The research report titled "Sociální pedagogové v českých školách" explores the role and impact of social pedagogues in Czech schools. Conducted by the Association of Social Pedagogues and the Institute of Pedagogy and Social Studies at Palacký University, the study aims to identify the activities performed by social pedagogues in the school environment. The research highlights the increasing need for social pedagogues due to evolving societal challenges and their significant role in supporting socially disadvantaged students. Despite their importance, the position lacks adequate societal support and systematic funding, often relying on project-based financing. The study involved 72 social pedagogues from various regions, revealing insights into their demographics, educational background, and the schools they serve. Key findings include the predominance of female social pedagogues, the variability in their educational qualifications, and the challenges in maintaining the position due to financial constraints. The report underscores the necessity for institutionalizing the role and securing stable funding to ensure continuity and effectiveness in addressing the needs of students and schools.
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Cercetând natura informațiilor protejate prin secretul profesional în domeniul bancar nu rezultă, de plano, că intră în conținutul secretului bancar și modul în care Eximbank a respectat legea în ceea ce privește constituirea, administrarea și utilizarea fondurilor publice, însă o asemenea verificare nu poate fi efectuată în prezentul recurs, în lipsa unor apărări relevante și concrete ale intimatei-pârâte sub aspectul conținutului raportului de control și al anexelor acestuia, urmând ca în etapa executării obligației de comunicare a informațiilor de interes public solicitate, intimata-pârâtă să efectueze verificările prevăzute de art. 22 alin. (1) din H.G. nr. 123/2002 și să comunice, potrivit art. 22 alin.21 din H.G. nr. 123/2002, informațiile de interes public ce fac obiectul cererii nr. (...)/20.01.2022, după anonimizarea informațiilor exceptate, prevăzute la art. 12 din Legea nr. 544/2001, și a informațiilor protejate de secretul profesional în domeniul bancar potrivit art. 111 din O.U.G. nr. 99/2006.
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The archive of Raycho Nikolov is stored in two institutions: the National Museum of Military History in Sofia and the Regional History Museum in Plovdiv. Research in both locations revealed that some of the most valuable documents of this national hero are kept in the Plovdiv museum, despite several publications mistakenly stating that they are in Sofia. This article provides necessary clarifications, helping to popularize the hero’s documentary heritage and offering full access details to interested parties.
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The article presents newly discovered registers (nüfus defteri, temettuat defteri) from the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul, which contain previously unknown information about Georgi Stoykov Rakovski, his father Stoyko Popovich, and his younger brother Yordan. These registers record their ages at the time of compilation or updates, allowing assumptions to be made about their birth years. Due to the specifics of the registers, the data both support Rakovski’s stated birth year of 1821 and provide grounds for the hypothesis that he may have been born in 1820.
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Georgi Stoikov Rakovski (1821–1867) was a prominent revolutionary figure of the 19th century Bulgaria and more broadly the Balkans, who served Bulgarian nationalism both with “pen” and “sword”. His life and his ideas have, justifably enough, attracted historical interest which resulted in the production of a voluminous and well-rounded bibliography.2 Despite, however, the intensive and ongoing research on Rakovski’s life and activities, there still remain many unanswered questions and “gaps” in our knowledge for certain phases of his life, one of which is his sojourn in Wallachia in 1855–1856. The aim of my short contribution to this volume is to present two documents which testify to Rakovski’s acquisition of the Greek citizenship in 1843.
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This paper examines a group of preserved tombstones from the Strandzha-Sakar region in southeastern Bulgaria, covering areas such as Burgas, Yambol, Haskovo, Elhovo, Ivaylovgrad, and Svilengrad. These tombstones are adorned with relief images depicting two oxen harnessed to a plough, with some also including the figure of a ploughman. The earliest example dates back to 1775, and the latest to 1896. Such imagery is unique to this region and is not found elsewhere in the country. The depictions suggest that these tombstones were erected for deceased farmers, serving as a testament to their agrarian livelihood. Furthermore, the monuments highlight ploughing as both an emblem and a symbol of agriculture.
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Various texts have been used as sources of information about the economy in medieval Bulgaria, yet marginal notes in manuscripts have largely been overlooked by researchers. The main reason is the scarcity of economic data contained in these annotations. Only a few marginal notes, dating from the 12th to the 15th centuries, offer insights into economic matters. These notes confirm the essential role of bread and grain in the sustenance of medieval society. They also provide rare evidence of rabbit and poultry farming in the Bulgarian lands, a topic scarcely mentioned in other sources. When compared with other materials, such as charters issued by Bulgarian rulers, works by Western authors, and later Ottoman documents regarding market and port fees, these brief annotations contribute valuable details that enrich our understanding of the medieval Bulgarian economy.
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The Republic of Venice received numerous privileges from the Byzantine emperors through chrysobulls issued to them. These official documents were signed by nearly every ruler of the Eastern Roman Empire from the tenth to the fifteenth century. This model of diplomacy and trade regulation was maintained despite significant changes during the Latin Empire and later in Palaeologan Byzantium. The practice was subsequently adopted by the rulers of the Slavic states in the Balkans and later by the Ottomans, who inherited Byzantine traditions. This research examines the commercial clauses within the chrysobulls, supplemented by information from other narrative and documentary sources, to outline the trade relations between Venice and Byzantium. The study traces changes in trade regulations and the types of goods exchanged during three main periods: Komnenian Byzantium, the Latin Empire, and Palaeologan Byzantium, concluding with the fall of the Empire in 1453.
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This article focuses on the provisions in the medieval town statutes of the Dalmatia and Istria region that regulate the trade of bread and grain. These provisions are divided into two main groups: the first addresses the production, import, and export of grain, while the second pertains to the activities of millers and bakers responsible for the production and sale of bread. Both categories share common features, including an authorization regime, heightened control over compliance with regulations through the work of dedicated boards, supervision of weights and measures, price fixing, determination of applicable taxes and charges, and penalties for violations. An analysis of these regulations highlights the critical role of the bread and grain trade for the towns along the Adriatic coast during the Middle Ages.
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