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The purpose of this paper explore souring process of persuade and attract tourism and gambling in Cambodia‟s casino of border Thailand. Moreover, it can show factor succeed in persuading and allow know the behavior of tourists and gamblers. The finding show that gambling across the border in Thailand - Cambodia has a clear system on providers within the cross-border gambling network such as capitalists who are investing as a broker to buy promotion chip, retail travel agents who create networks for exchanging tourists between the company, travel agency's owner and tourists, van drivers, gambling players, travel planner, and owner of the casino. This is the creation of vertical relationship which implies the use of power and patronage system, and there is no trustworthy as it is living with the reciprocal benefits or it can be called that one party patronages another partY
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In looking for empirical evidence about the activity of countries, a proposal is made for studying(measuring and modelling) the activity of countries through the use of Social Accounting Matrices (SAM s) and Socio-Demographic Matrices (SDM s). SAM s and SDM s are presented as tools that have specific features for conducting studies in severaldifferent areas, particularly in the Socio-Economics of Ageing, as well as for supporting policy decisionprocesses.Based on methodological principles that are derived mainly from the works of Richard Stone, emphasis isplaced on the desirability of working in a matrix format, which includes not only people (SDM), but also, at thesame time, activities, products, factors of production and institutions (SAM). This is considered to be a way ofcapturing the relevant network of linkages and the corresponding multiplier effects for the subsequent modelling of the activity of the countries studied. The exposition of this proposal is accompanied by an example applied to Portugal.
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This paper examines the socially optimal allocation by focusing not on the social welfare function but instead on the utility possibility frontier in exogenous growth models with a heterogeneous population. A uniquebalanced growth path was found on which all of the optimality conditions of all heterogeneous households areequally and indefinitely satisfied (sustainable heterogeneity). With appropriate government interventions, such apath is always achievable and is uniquely socially optimal for almost all generally usable (i.e., preferences arecomplete, transitive, and continuous) social welfare functions. The only exceptions are some variants inNietzsche type social welfare functions, but those types of welfare functions will rarely be adopted in democratic societies. This result indicates that it is no longer necessary to specify the shape of the social welfare function todetermine the socially optimal growth path in a heterogeneous population.
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In macroeconomy research that uses technological table, most studies have only considered specialaspect. This paper develops an input-output model that extends to the whole economy by adding finance intotransaction table. This forms an integrated capital flow cycling system for whole economy. Economic growth isused to reflect economic dynamic characteristics. Whole economy is divided into five subsystems. On the basis ofsubsystem's balance sheet, we set up the simultaneous equation of whole economy. As part of the disposalincome, the new loan of the subsystems is affected by money supply badly and the income ratio is not stable. Inthis paper, expenditure ratio of subsystems is used to solve the simultaneous equation. The subsystem's balancesheets and the simultaneous equation can be applied to study fundamental economic issues effectively.
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This article discusses the conceptualization of network in Manuel Castell s’ theory of network society.Networks appeared in Castells’ works in the late 1980 s, when he became interested in the configuration of the relationships between technology, economy, and society. The culmination of this phase was his opus magnum,The Information Age trilogy, which introduced network as a key concept of his macro theory, even though heremained laconic about the concept itself. This is paradoxical, for Castells became possibly the most prominentfigure globally in adopting network terminology in macro sociological theory, but at the same time made hardly anyempirical, theoretical or methodological contribution to social network analysis or network theory in general. This implies that ‘network’ in Castells’ social theory is based on institutional network analysis. Moreover, it is not ananalytical concept but rather a powerful metaphor that served to capture his idea of the new social morphology of informational capitalism.
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In order to design appropriate Foreigh Direct Investment (FDI) attraction policies there is a need of exploring which are the key motives and determinants of FDI inflow in the host-country.The aim is to see whether the Republic of Macedonia follows the global trends due to FDI in transition countries and,in this regard, to research the reasons for the low FDI inflow in the country.The paper is organized as follows. In introduction we point the importance of FDI inflow in transition countries, and in this context we emphasize the importance of the motives, and therefore the determinants that conditioned the FDIinflow. Section I review the theoreticalframework on the FDI determinants, with particular reference to the OLI paradigm. Section II analyses the inflow and structure of FDI in the Republic of Macedonia. In order to explore the FDI motives and determinants in the Republic of Macedonia, which will serve as a reference framework for defining thefuture direction of policy related to FDI in the Republic of Macedonia, in the third part an empirical research has beenconducted in the form of a questionnaire. The conclusion defines the key findings in context of the policy for attracting FDI in the Republic of Macedonia.
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This paper surveys a few key features of socialist-oriented economic (SOE) reforms in China and Vietnam, focusingparticularly on the evolution of ownership structures and on the relative weight of market regulatory mechanisms, anddiscusses their general implications for socialist development. It tentatively concludes that some broad principles informingand constraining any feasible socialist-oriented economic strategy can indeed be identified
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In modern large enterprises employees are increasingly expressing their innovation, creativity, proactivity and preferency toward risk. Thanks to this way and with help of knowledge and skills to develop a new products and services, employees’recreating new business opportunities which directly affect the competitive advantage of enterprises. For those kind of large enterprises we could say that they’re continually wor kingon creation of innovation. Most of large enterprises in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are constantly operating under established rules which are characteristic of time of industrial economy and their main business indicators are amount of sales in tons, alsoan increase of sales in percentage,market stakes, etc. Qualitative indicators like employee’s satisfaction, process efficiency and opportunities for improvement aren’t priority for these enterprises This behavioris characteristic of management of enterprises, which are too occupied with ongoing operations, neglecting through it role and need for training and development of human capital which is basis for creating of innovation. The research results in this paper demonstrate that human capital has the major influence on the development of innovation in large enterprises in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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This paperback version of the Nobel-Prize winning economist Paul Krugman’s New York Times’ best-seller book reviews if the findings in hardcover version remained well-founded after major political and economic actions (US elections, European austerity measures), and it seemed that the essential message remained unchanged. Krugman aims to answer primarily not how the 2008 crisis happened but what to do to recover and how to avoid similar cases in the future. First of all we must use our knowledge of previous depressions, then accept that we are in a depression and take the proper steps: job creation instead of austerity.
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The demographic situation and the recent demographic trends in the European countries are analyzed. The aim is to provide information and background for discussion on the respective contribution of each country, including Bulgaria, to the population reproduction, in the process of European integration. The demographic characteristics of several sub-regions of Europe are examined, namely: Western Europe; Northern Europe and Scandinavia; Southern Europe; Balkan region; Central Europe and Eastern Europe (countries of the former Soviet Union). In the first article we study the present situation and the trends of the population in the European countries: the member-countries of the EU, the acceding countries (Bulgaria and Romania), and the candidate-members. Data are provided for each country and for sub-regions, about the population size on January 1st, 2006, as well as on the recent demographic trends, namely the natural growth, the net migration, and the total population growth in 2005. Further figures display the population growth of each country in terms of its relative size at various years in the period 1960-2005, compared to the population size in 1960. These trends appear to be different in the sub-regions of Europe, Bulgaria being one of the countries with lowest growth-rate for the period under investigation. In the first three sub-regions of Europe: Western Europe, Northern Europe and Scandinavia, Southern Europe, the trends of population dynamics are rather regular and growing, while in the latter three: the Balkan region, Central Europe, Eastern Europe (countries of the former Soviet Union), an inverted U-curve is observed. During the last years in most of the countries, formerly belonging to the socialist system, negative trends of population are dominant, what can be explained mainly by negative net migration.
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This state scrutinizes a very important and interesting problem in the practice,concerning the place of the economic category wage. For this purpose, the author desribes the significant, material and most characteristic circumstances and dependecies of the wage from all the socio-economic factors that regulate its level and dynamics, taking for base world-wide known definitions about the essence of the labour salary. What is scrutinized as well:- the dependencies of the wage with the demand and supply;- the cost for the livelihood of employees that areat different level of management;- the productivity of the labour, GDP, the profit of the company, the participation of the state in the management of the socio-economic sphere, etc.In this connection the appropriate critical estimates of the existing practice are made, and new methods and approaches for improvement and optimization of the business are offered.The revealing of the trends for the last years, as well as the valuations, analysis, and interactions made, show the extraordinary significance of the process of regulating the wage, especially in the context of the conducted socio-economic policy in Bulgaria. In this term, the ascertainments demonstrate that each “underestimation” or “overloading” of the regulatory functions with useless or state regulated dependencies in addition could establish meaningful difficulties in the process for determination and negotiation of the wage, and thus– in the behaviour of various,social subjects, andlast but not least – a reflection of the overall motivation and interest of the human factor in the production.
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The article presents results of a study of the level of development of the municipalities in Blagoevgrad district, compared with all municipalities in the country. The differences are evaluated and the developed, averagely developed and lagging municipalities in the district in the period 2000-2006 are identified. Particular attention is drawn to the sustainability of the development of municipalities. In accordance with the principle of complexity of the regional development a work hypothesis for sustainable development of a municipality is presented. On this basis is studied the interaction between the level of development and sustainability in the development. Outlined are the municipalities in Blagoevgrad district, which have reported more significant changes in the period 2000-2006.
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Endowment effect refers to the reported gaps between willingness to accept and willingness to pay. According to prospect theory, this effect is a result of the underweighting of opportunity costs. Given the high stake involved in a typical housing transaction, endowment effect is expected to have a significant influence on housing decisions. We develop a theoretical framework to study the presence of endowment effect and its role in housing decision-making process. Three hypotheses are derived and tested through a field experiment conducted in Beijing, China. Our empirical results show that endowment effect plays an important role in the formation of judgmental biases in housing decisions. Moreover, endowment effect interacts with housing cycles. Our study highlights the application of prospect theory in the housing market; thus, it not only extends existing theoretical and empirical works in this important sector, but also clarifies consumer behavior in the emerging property market of China.
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This paper examines the stationarity properties, the long-run equilibrium and the leadlag relationship among the regional house prices in China from December 2000 to July 2013. Unlike traditional unit-root tests, the panel seemingly unrelated regressions augmented Dickey-Fuller (SURADF) unit-root test reveals that the regional house prices in China are a mixture of I(0) and I(1) processes. There is concrete evidence in favor of the hypothesis of a long-run equilibrium relationship among all regions, except for Shanghai region, and supporting the price diffusion or ripple effect among these Chinese cities. Finally, we determine that these regional house prices exhibit uni-directional causalities running from Beijing, Chongqing, and Shenzhen to Guangzhou and Tianjin, respectively.
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Existing research generally suggests that the psychological contract is an effective way to solve the problem of employee turnover when a labor contract is missing or incomplete. However, with dual organizational identity, the effect of a dispatched employee’s psychological contract on turnover intention differs from the effect for an ordinary employee. Consensus has not been reached regarding how to intervene in the high turnover rates of dispatched employees in terms of psychological contracts. This study investigated the relationship between psychological contracts and the turnover intention of dispatched employees, with consideration of the mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Using a questionnaire survey, data were obtained from 271 dispatched employees in the banking industry in Henan province (China) from February to June 2016. It was found that a dispatched employee’s psychological contract has a dual aspect involving strong relations between the employee’s psychological contract with the dispatching agency and with the client. Meanwhile, a dispatched employee’s psychological contract with the client has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and indirectly influences turnover intention through the mediating roles of job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Further, the individual mediating effect of job satisfaction is greater than the continuous mediating effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. By revealing the influence of a dispatched employee’s psychological contract on turnover intention, this study can help organizations develop intervention strategies at the level of individual psychology to address the high turnover rates of dispatched employees.
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How does a proponent’s internal and external social capital impact crowdfunding performance? Based on the theory of social capital, we developed a research model and conducted an econometric analysis using the objective data collected from a Chinese comprehensive crowdfunding platform, ZhongchouNet. Results of an econometric analysis of a sample of 862 projects show that two types of the proponent’s external social capital have significant effect on crowdfunding performance alone. Moreover, the effect of internal and external social capital on the success of a campaign is fully moderated by the type of the project. These results suggest that, to improve crowdfunding performance, the proponents, especially proponents of for-profit projects, should make good use of the mechanisms of social capital construction existed inside the crowdfunding platform.
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Ewa Domańska, Professor at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland) and Stanford University (USA), historian of historiography and methodologist of history, formulated interesting comments about the state of humanities and social sciences. The development of interdisciplinary research causes the interpenetration of different disciplines. Although this kind of research is promising, inspiring as well as influencing the development of science, careless research may cause some threats in the longer term. According to Domańska, the lack of qualifications and reliability in this area (especially in the area of theory and methodology) undermines the authonomy of the main disciplines and decline in the professionalism of re- search. This led the author to create the project, which aims to defend the independ- ence of the threatened disciplines as well as their ‘re-professionalisation’. It can be achieved by strongly emphasizing the role of theory in science; a strong embedde- ment of a discipline in the theory. Domańska’s concept can be a recipe, which is a dichotomic project. Firstly, it supposes a ‘practical methodology’, which is a con- structing of the theory thanks to empirical research material. Secondly, it supposes a ‘virtue epistemology’, which is the ethical aspect of the researcher’s attitude and his work. The aim of the paper is to discuss Domańska’s project and underline the origi- nality of her concept in the context of economic and social sciences. The economic history is a specific discipline which develops at the crossroad of history and eco- nomics. It lets me put forward the thesis that Domańska’s suggestions are relevant to the research of economic history. I will show what cognitive chances are the result of the ontology of economic history. I will question what the possible threats are for the main disciplines (history and economics) as a result of the lack of pro- fessionalism in the interdisciplinary research of the economic past, and ask if Do- mańska’s project is attractive for the economic history research thanks to the strong setting in the ‘practical methodology’ in the theory. I also ask what the role of new theoretical approaches in that area is, and whether it is possible to formulate inno- vatory conceptions in the economic history. Finally, I question the role of ‘virtue epistemology’ or the ethical aspect of an economic historian’s work.
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Success in economic life is a result of the interaction of many factors, which in different ways are developed from the individual characteristics of the person, a specific way of thinking and the ability to perceive oneself in the future. At the same time, more and more attention is focused on the influence of the entrepreneurial characteristics of individuals on their career development and career building process. The impact of personal experience on the perception of individual chances on the labour mar- ket is also emphasized. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to identify the differences in enterprising attitudes of students of the humanities and students of economics, as well as compare the characteristics of entrepreneurial abilities between both student groups on the basis of empirical research conducted among students at the University of Lodz.
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